Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

COURSE INFORMATION

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Dental Anatomy Course Introduction
Lecture Course Description:
• This course is intended to provide students with knowledge of the naming conventions for human dentition, dental
terminology, visible oral anatomy, local and comparative dental anatomy, and tooth identification. It will introduce the
basics of periodontal anatomy and pathology, dental decay, and dental anomalies and variations of normal dental anatomy.
It will also supplement the Oral Biology lecture series and provide basic detail on dental microanatomy.

Laboratory Course Description:

• The laboratory component of this course is intended to further explore the anatomy of the human dentition. The main
focus of this component is to complete wax-ups of representatives of each type of human tooth. This will provide students
with increased knowledge of comparative dental anatomy and will begin to develop the skills and manual dexterity required
for clinical dentistry. In addition, tooth identification sessions will further student understanding of the anatomical
differences between incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
• Properly number permanent and primary dentition using FDI, Universal, and Palmer systems.
• Identify and describe dental anatomical structure.
• Compare the anatomy of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars and describe their functions.
• Identify and name tooth surfaces, line angles, point angles, and embrasures.
• Identify visible intra-oral and extra-oral anatomy.
• Have a basic understanding of periodontal structure.
• Have a basic understanding of dental anomalies and normal variations of dental anatomy.
• Develop manual skill and dexterity and a greater knowledge of dental anatomy with laboratory dental wax-up projects.
• Develop skill in self assessment with the laboratory dental wax-up projects.
• Identify extracted dentition based on knowledge of anatomy and dental anomalies.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Importance of Dental Anatomy

• The most basic dental training in the DDS program.

• Provides foundation knowledge for ALL DDS courses.
• LECTURE:
– Terminology
• To define clinical dental matters.
• To discuss these coherently with colleagues.
– Structural components of teeth.
– Tooth form, function, and variation.
• Knowledge which will be put to use in the clinic when restoring teeth to
appropriate contour and function.
• DENTAL ANATOMY LABORATORY:
– It is the first exposure students have to the MANUAL DEXTERITY skills
required for clinical dentistry.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Dental Anatomy Text
• Woelfel’s Dental
Anatomy, 9th Edition;
Dr. Rickne C. Scheid
and Dr. Gabriela
Weiss; Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia, PA;
2017.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

LECTURES

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Dental Anatomy Fall Lectures
All readings listed are from the Text: Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy, 9th Edition.

Lecture/Lab # or Topic/Learning Assessment Method Readings Faculty

Date Outcomes

Lecture 1 Course Introduction Laboratory and Chapter 1 Dr. Kilistoff

August 30 and Introduction to tooth identification Pages 3-47
the Human exercises
Permanent
Dentition and its
Local Anatomy

Lecture 2 FDI, Universal, Laboratory and Chapter 1 Dr. Kilistoff

August 30 Palmer Numbering tooth identification Pages 3-47
Systems, and the exercises
Terminology of
Dental Anatomy

Lecture 3 Intra-oral and Extra- Laboratory and Chapter 15 Dr. Kilistoff

September 3 Oral Visible tooth identification Pages 449-479
Anatomy exercises

Lecture 4 Comparative Laboratory and Chapter 2 Dr. Kilistoff

September 9 Anatomy: The tooth identification Pages 49-77
Incisors exercises
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Dental Anatomy Fall Lectures
All readings listed are from the Text: Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy, 9th Edition.

Lecture/Lab # or Topic/Learning Assessment Method Readings Faculty

Date Outcomes

Lecture 5 Comparative Laboratory and Chapter 3 Dr. Kilistoff

September 16 Anatomy: The tooth identification Pages 78-95
Canines exercises

Lecture 6 Comparative Laboratory and Chapter 4 Dr. Kilistoff

September 23 Anatomy: The tooth identification Pages 97-134
Premolars exercises

Lecture 7 Comparative Laboratory and Chapter 5 Dr. Kilistoff

September 30 Anatomy: The tooth identification Pages 135-181
Molars exercises

Lecture 8 Introduction to the Laboratory and Chapter 6 Dr. Kilistoff

October 7 Primary Dentition tooth identification Pages 182-212
exercises
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Dental Anatomy Fall Lectures
All readings listed are from the Text: Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy, 9th Edition.

Lecture/Lab # or Topic/Learning Assessment Method Readings Faculty

Date Outcomes

Lecture 9 Introduction to Written Exam Chapter 8 Dr. Kilistoff

October 7 Endodontic Dental Pages 249-267
Anatomy

Lecture 10 Introduction to Written Exam Chapter 11 Dr. Kilistoff

October 15 Dental Anomalies, Pages 336-357
and Variations of
Normal Dental
Anatomy

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

LABORATORY PROJECTS

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Lab Wax-ups
• LABORATORY ATTENDANCE IS COMPULSORY.

• Lectures And Laboratories Are LINKED.

– Have been arranged to provide necessary background knowledge to complete
the lab wax ups within the lab time provided.
– Start of each week:
• New wax-up project will begin
• Will correspond to the comparative anatomy lecture at the beginning of the same week
until the material on all of the tooth groups has been covered.
– Beginning of the following week:
• Wax ups will be marked.
• Project Time Allowances:
– Stand alone and mandibular cast assignments:
• Lab time and take home.
– Maxillary cast assignments:
• Lab time ONLY
• Live Demonstrations:
– Will be provided on wax-up technique during lab time.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Lab Tooth ID Sessions

• Linked to the lecture series.

– Introduce new tooth groups each week according to what
has been covered by lectures.
• By the end of the sessions students will be expected
to be able to identify extracted teeth based on their
knowledge of comparative dental anatomy.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

Dental Anatomy Labs
Lecture/Lab # or Topic/Learning Outcomes Faculty
Date
Introductory Lab Projects Practice Blocks (Wax-up Introduction) with Dr. Kilistoff Dr. Rau
September 9 Lecture Dr. Maskell Dr. Kula
3:00 – 5:00 Dr. Rodgers Dr. Bartkus
Laboratory Project 1 Maxillary Lateral Incisor (Stand Alone Die) Dr. Kilistoff Dr. Rau
September 10 - 13 Dr. Maskell Dr. Kula
Dr. Rodgers Dr. Bartkus
Laboratory Project 2 Maxillary Canine (Stand Alone Die) Dr. Kilistoff Dr. Rau
September 16 - 20 Dr. Maskell Dr. Kula
Dr. Rodgers Dr. Bartkus
Laboratory Project 3 Mandibular Premolar (Mandibular Full Arch Dr. Kilistoff Dr. Rau
September 23 - 27 Cast) Dr. Maskell Dr. Kula
Dr. Rodgers Dr. Bartkus
Laboratory Project 4 Mandibular Molar (Mandibular Full Arch Dr. Kilistoff Dr. Rau
September 30 – October 7 Cast) Dr. Maskell Dr. Kula
Dr. Rodgers Dr. Bartkus
Laboratory Project 5 Maxillary Molar (Maxillary Full Arch Cast) Dr. Kilistoff Dr. Rau
October 8 - 11 Dr. Maskell Dr. Kula
Dr. Rodgers Dr. Bartkus

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN DENTITION

Adapted In Part from: Chapter One: Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy, 9th Edition; Dr. Rickne C. Scheid and Dr.
Gabriela Weiss; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2012.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 The Upper Jaw
• Maxilla:

– The Maxillary bone is a fixed portion of the

skull and the teeth in this region function
against the lower jaw (function of the teeth
together is called “occlusion”).

– All teeth within this jaw are referred to as

“MAXILLARY” teeth.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 The Lower Jaw
• Mandible:

– This is the portion of the masticatory system

which moves and functions against the fixed
upper arch of the dentition.

– All teeth in this jaw are referred to as

“MANDIBULAR” teeth.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

THE DENTAL ARCH

Primary and Permanent Dental Arches

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Tooth Classes of the Primary Dentition
Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy, 9th Edition; Dr. Rickne C. Scheid and Dr. Gabriela Weiss; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2012.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Tooth Classes of the Permanent Dentition
Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy, 9th Edition; Dr. Rickne C. Scheid and Dr. Gabriela Weiss; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2012.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO THE
DENTAL ARCH

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Terminology Related to the Dental Arch
• The Dental Arch:
– The arrangement of teeth in the maxilla and mandible (an arch).
• Occlusion:
– The study or masticatory function.
– The function of the dentition of the Mandible against the
dentition of the Maxilla.
– Refers locally to the way which teeth move across their occlusal
counterpart and fit together in Maximum Intercuspation
Position (MIP).
– MIP is the position in which the teeth close together with maximum tooth
contact during habitual closure.
• Incisal Edge:
– The more vertical, blade-like functional surfaces on the crowns of
incisors and canine teeth.
• Occlusal Surface:
– The more horizontal functional surfaces of the crowns of
premolars and molars.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 The Dental Midline
• This is the apex of the
Dental Arch:
– Between the left and
right central incisors of
the maxilla and the
mandible.
• It is the reference point
for the numbering
conventions of the
dentition:
– Will be covered next
lecture.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
THE ANTERIOR TEETH

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 The Incisors

• The “front teeth”

• Function in Occlusion:
– To act as a cutting
instrument
– The “shearing” teeth

• Function in Esthetics:
– To support the lips
– It is essential to have a
healthy appearance with
these teeth for esthetics.

• Function in Speech:
– These teeth function to
enable proper speech
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 The Canines
• The “eye” teeth
• Function in Occlusion:
– To puncture and cut foods.
– To allow for the protection and
guidance of the teeth in lateral
movements.
• Function in Esthetics:
– To provide support to lips.
– These are considered anterior
teeth and as such are very
visible.
– Healthy appearance of these
teeth is essential for esthetics.
• Function in Speech:
– Similar, but lesser function in
speech when compared to
incisors.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
THE POSTERIOR TEETH

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 The Premolars
• “Bicuspids”:
• Cusps:
– The conical extensions of the
teeth on the functional
surface (Occlusal surface)
– Most bicuspids have 2 of
these cusps.
• Function in Occlusion:
– Crushing/chewing and some
shearing of food.
– Maintaining vertical support
to the bite.
• Function in Esthetics:
– Lesser support of the cheeks.
– Healthy appearance of
especially the 1st premolars is
important to esthetics.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 The Molars
• The largest and most
posterior teeth in the dental
arch.
• Cusps:
– These teeth have multiple
cusps on their functional,
Occlusal surface.
• Function in Occlusion:
– Crushing and grinding teeth.
• Extremely high vertical forces
are applied to the molar
region of the mouth.
– Maintaining vertical support
to the occlusion.
• Function in Esthetics:
– Minimal cheek support.
– Minimal esthetic function.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
THE DENTO-ALVEOLAR
COMPLEX

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Local Dento-Alveolar Anatomy
The Dento-alveolar Complex consists of:

• Alveolus

• Teeth

• Periodontal Ligament

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 The Alveolus
• The Alveolus is the bone
which supports and
surrounds the roots of
the teeth.
– Contains the “tooth
socket”.
– Lamina Dura:
• The cortical bone lining
the socket.
• Point of attachment of the
periodontal ligament
– Persists in regions where
teeth have been
removed.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 The Component Structures of Teeth

• Teeth: are made up from four separate

tissues:
– Enamel
– Cementum
– Dentin
– Pulp
• The periodontal ligament: holds the tooth
to the lamina dura of the socket within the
alveolar bone.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 The Component Structures of Teeth

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Enamel
• Enamel
– The outer covering layer of the
anatomic crown of a tooth.
– Anatomic crown:
• Portion of the tooth which is
covered by enamel.
– It is always visible above the
gum tissue.
• It is highly mineralized and low
in organic/cellular
components.
• 95% Calcium Hydroxyapatite*.
• Formation: “Ameloblasts”
form this tissue during
embryologic development of
the dentition.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Dentin
• Dentin:
– The underlying tissue of the
tooth crown and root.
– Resides under the covering
enamel and cementum
layers.
• It is a hard and highly mineralized
tissue.
– About 70% Calcium
Hydroxyapatite*.
– It has much greater
organic/cellular structure
than enamel and less than
cementum.
• Formation: produced by
“odontoblasts” during
embryologic development.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Cementum
• Cementum:
– The outer calcified covering of the
anatomic root of a tooth.
– Too thin to be readily seen clinically
or radiographically.
– In a state of health, it is covered
completely by gum tissue.
• Function:
– Adheres a tooth to the periodontal
ligament.
• It consists of a considerable organic
and cellular component (mainly
collagen fibers).
– Softer than Enamel and Dentin**.
• It is a fairly mineralized tissue and
consists of about 65% Calcium
Hydroxyapatite*.
• Formation: It is embryologically
formed by cementoblasts.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 Pulp
• Pulp:
– The non-mineralized tissue
within the dentin of the tooth.
– Resides within the pulp
chamber and the pulp canal(s)
of a tooth.
• Consists of the vascular,
neurological, and lymph tissues
within the tooth.
• This tissue also contains the
formative cells of Dentin
(odontoblasts).
– Allows for secondary dentin to
be laid down to protect the
pulp when a tooth is damaged
or decayed.
Course 1 Dental Anatomy
 The Periodontal Ligament
• PDL:
– The collagenous, fibrous tissue
which connects the cementum of
the root to the lamina dura
which lines the tooth socket.
• Function:
– Holds the teeth within the
socket.
– Allow movement of the teeth.
• Protects the teeth against
shock and fracture by
allowing some movement of
the teeth within the fairly
inflexible alveolar bone.
• Formation: formed by fibroblasts as
root formation progresses.

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

TERMINOLOGY RELATED
DENTAL STRUCTURE

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Clinical versus Anatomic Crown

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 Dental Structure Terminology

Course 1 Dental Anatomy

 The End

Course 1 Dental Anatomy