" …..

we must be second to none in the application of advanced

technologies to the real problems of man and society, which we find in
our country. …
- Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai

 Frank Admission : Existence of abundant down-

to-earth problems of development.
• Military Superiority
 Prudent assertion : Science &Technology being
• Technological Dominance
crucial apparatus for development.
• Display of Grandeur
 Commitment : Science &Technology for socio-
economic benefits in preference to display of
grandeur.

Indian Space Program is very different.

Very deeply rooted to the society

SPACE POLICY
The Humble beginning
 Mandate and Mantra

• Application of Space Technology for the

benefit of the common man
 India today runs and maintains its own
space program

 Remarkable benefits are being provided

to the common man in timely & Cost-
effective fashion

DID IT WORK ?
 * ONE OF THE LARGEST DOMESTIC SATCOM
SYSTEMS - Ku, C, S BANDS
* MULTI-PURPOSE : TELECOM, TV, METEOROLOGY
•200 TRANSPONDERS, GLOBAL/DOMESTIC BEAMS

INSAT-2C,D
INSAT-1 INSAT-3B INSAT-3E
GSAT-2

INSAT-2E

APPLE
INSAT-3D

EDUSAT
INSAT-3A DTH (GSAT-3)

INSAT-2A,B
INSAT-4B
 COMMUNICATION
 Speech Circuits On
Trunk Routes
 VSAT Connectivity

BROADCAST
 Television Broadcasting
 Direct To Home (DTH)
 TV & Radio Networking

OTHERS
 Mobile Satellite Service
 Search and Rescue
 Satellite Navigation

DEVELOPMENTAL
METEOROLOGICAL  Tele-health
 Meteorological Imaging  Tele-education
 Data Collection Platform  Emergency
 Disaster Warning Communication

INSAT SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

 EduSat

Video
+
Audio Video
+
Audio
Audio
5 Spot Beams in Ku Band
1 National Beam in Ku Band
1 National Beam in Ext C Band (6 Channels)

Teaching-End Class Room-1 Class Room-2

TELE EDUCATION
180 Hospitals
Reaching the un-reached
 146 Dist/ Rural Hospitals
 34 Super Specialty Hospitals

Referral
Hospitals

Video Conferencing
Health Specialist
Centre

Cardiology

Pathology Video
AMBULANCE
Conferencing

Panel of Doctors

TELE MEDICINE VIA SATELLITE

 1999
1995/1997
2003

IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (23/70M, RESOURCESAT-1

STEERABLE PAN (5.8 M); INSAT-2E CCD LISS3 - 23 M; 4 XS
WiFS (188M) (1KM RESOLUTION; LISS4 - 5.8 M; 3-XS
1996 EVERY 30 MNUTESS) AWIFS - 70 M; 4-XS 2005
1994
IRS-P3
CARTOSAT - 1
WiFS MOS 1999 PAN - 2.5M, 30 KM,
IRS-P2 X-Ray
IRS-P4 F/A
LISS-2
OCEANSAT OCM, MSMR
1988/91
INDIAN
IRS-1A/1B LISS-1&2 (72/36M, CARTOSAT-2
4 BANDS; VIS & NIR) IMAGING 2007 PAN - 1M

1982
SYSTEMS
RS-D1 IMAGING IMPROVEMENTS MEGHA-TROPIQUES
1979  1KM TO 1.0 M RESOLUTION SAPHIR
 GLOBAL COVERAGE SCARAB &
MADRAS
 APPLICATION-SPECIFIC
BHASKARA
 AGRICULTURE & SOIL LAND
 Crop Acreage & Production  Landuse/Land Cover
Estimation Mapping
 Soil & Land Degradation
Mapping
 Wasteland Mapping
 Watershed Development  Urban Sprawl Studies
 Horticulture Mission for North-  Large Scale Mapping
East

FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO

 Forest Cover & Type Mapping WEATHER & CLIMATE
 Forest Fire and Risk Mapping Extended Range
 Biodiversity Characterisation
 Environmental Impact Studies Monsoon Forecasting
Ocean State Forecasting

WATER
 Potential Drinking
Water Zones
 Command Area DISASTER SUPPORT
Management  Flood Damage Assessment
 Reservoir  Drought Monitoring
Sedimentation  Land Slide Hazard Zonation OCEAN
 Potential Fishing Zone
(PFZ)
 Coastal Zone Mapping

EARTH OBSERVATION – APPLICATIONS

 A milestone application towards
building social infrastructure
Ground Water
Prospect Map Implementation
with Sites for and Feedback
Recharge status
RAJ
 67,775
 90

MP CHG
 22,006  34,413
 90  93

 Development of spatial information

system on ground water covering AP
 35,139  Wells Drilled
problem states KAR  93  Success Rate (%)
 More than 90% success rate in drilled  34,688
 93
sources (more than 2,00,000 in 7 states)
Kerala
 7,730
 92

RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION

 PSLV GSLV GSLV MkIII
Weight (T) 294 400 629
Payload (Kgs) 1,500 SSO 2,250 GTO 4,000 to 4,500 GTO
Flights 9 (1993-07) 4 (2001-06) --

ISRO LAUNCHERS
 22 Launch Vehicle Missions TODAY, 2007
LAUNCH VEHICLE

Self reliance in launching

November 21, 1963

SLV-3 ASLV

46
INSAT-3E
28.09.03
+ 6 Spacecraft Missions
Self reliance in building satellites
PSLV

10
EDUSAT
GSLV

4
KALPANA-1 CARTOSAT-2

APPLICATIONS
INSAT-3A 20.09.04
12.09.02 10.01.07
INSAT-2E 10.04.03 INSAT-4A
03.04.99
22.12.05

GSAT-2
ARYABHATA INSAT-3C HAMSAT
INSAT-3B 08.05.03
19.04.75 24.01.02 05.05.05
22.03.00

CARTOSAT-1
RESOURCESAT-1 05.05.05
IRS-1D IRS-P4 TES
22.10.01 17.10.03
29.09.97 26.05.99

FOUR DECADES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME

Chandrayaan-1
India’s First Lunar Mission

ASTROSAT

SPACE SCIENCE
 First Lunar Mission

• The satellite construction is progressing.

• The launch is scheduled in 2008

Chandrayaan-1 Mission Objectives
 High resolution imaging and chemical and mineralogical mapping of
lunar surface to define the process leading to the formation and
chemical evolution of moon.
o Remote sensing in visible, near Infra Red, low energy X-ray and high
energy X-ray regions
 Systematic topographic mapping of the whole surface of the moon.
 Develop expertise of planning and execution of mission for sending S/C
to orbit around moon, this exercise will help for future planetary
exploration missions.
 To establish capability of planetary data analysis, data archival and
dissemination.
 Chandrayaan-1 Mission Spin-offs

 Realization of Deep Space Network (DSN)

 Establishment of Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC)
 With the concept of Announcement Of Opportunity (AO)
payloads, many space agencies are participating in
Chandrayaan-1
 International Co-operation for Space science and Space
exploration
 Generation of interest among the student Community
 Chandrayaan-1 Payloads

ISRO
1. Terrain Mapping Camera – ( TMC )
2. Hyper Spectral Imager – ( HySI-VNIR )
3. Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument – ( LLRI )

4. High Energy X-ray payload – ( HEX )

5. Moon IMPACT PROBE with MSM,
Video camera and an altimeter – ( MIP )
Other Space Agencies / Research Institutions
1. Low Energy X-ray (CIXS & SXM): RAL,UK
2. Mini SAR(APL/NASA, USA)
3. SIR-2, Max Plank Inst, Germany
4. Sub Kev Atom Reflecting Analyzer – IRF, swedan;
JAXA,Japan; ISAS, Switzerland; SPL, India
5. Radiation Dose Monitor (Bulgaria) – ( RADOM )
6. Moon Mineralogy Mapper (JPL/NASA,USA) – (M3)
 Possible Future Missions
 Basically four types of future missions are being envisaged.
(These missions are a result of a thought process within the Indian
Scientific community and are not Govt. approved ISRO projects yet)
 Follow on mission to Moon: Considered time frame- 2011
(Chandrayaan-2)

 Asteroid / Comet flyby mission: Possible time frame- 2015

 Mission to Mars :Timeframe- 2019

 Human Mission : Timeframe 2020

 Missions to other planets (Venus, Mercury…Vision beyond 2020)

 Chandrayaan - 2
• Mission includes Orbiter and Lander
• Remote Sensing instruments
• Lander might include robotics, rovers and penetrators.
• Preferred landing sites, specific scientific problems and instruments
need to be finalized. Far side of the moon, particularly South Pole
Aitkin (SPA) basin is a prime candidate.
• Considered time frame : 2011
• Possible instruments on the orbiter:
– Terrain mapping camera
– 400-4000nm hyper spectral Imager
– Low energy X-ray spectrometer (CCD-array)
– Gamma ray, neutron, alpha spectrometer
 Mission to Asteroid

• Orbiter mission to a main belt Asteroid / Comet

OR
• Orbiter mission around a suitable to near earth
asteroid coupled with flyby to one or more
comets / asteroids
Possible time frame : 2015
Asteroid Mission: Science Goals & Mission Priorities

Scientific objectives

 Understanding Evolution of Asteroids

 Shape, Size, Mass and Composition of Asteroids
 Asteroids (e.g. Vesta and Ceres) as parent bodies of
meteorites (differentiated and stony type)
 Role of water/ice in controlling asteroid evolution
 Thermal history, differentiation and core size

Understanding the very early processes operating in

Planetesimals and hence in Planets
 Target: Comet

 Surface and Interior of Comet Nucleus

 Composition of dust and gas in the coma
Hydrogen
ION TAIL
Envelope
 Details of thermal balance and outflow
(sublimation of Ice)
 Solar radiations & solar wind interaction
DUST TAIL
COMA
 Samples of Comet Dust for Laboratory
NUCLEUS
Studies
COMET
ORBIT
SUN

Comet mission configuration to be based on the outcome of other such missions

 Mission to Mars
• Orbiter mission to Mars to study Mars
atmosphere, weather and solar wind-Mars
interactions.
• Instruments to be developed are for studying
weak magnetic field and plasma
• Timeframe : 2019
Thank You