W E L L S E R V I C E S

CemNET*

Schlumberger Public
Advance Fiber
Technology

Client Presentation

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 CemNET* - Agenda
• Lost Circulation

• Mechanism

Schlumberger Public
• Applications

• Case History

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 Lost Circulation
 Time consuming
– Lost time due to slow drilling progress
– Poor cuttings removal (stuck pipe)

Schlumberger Public
– Additional casing strings
 Dangerous operation
– Kick/Blow out due to unbalanced pressure in the well
– Loss of well

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 Lost Circulation
• Additional remedial work
– Difficult cement squeeze after the primary cement job
– Mobilization of workover rig

Schlumberger Public
• Costly due to lost mud
• Casing corrosion due to poor cement coverage
– Cathodic protection
– Cost of chrome casing (3 times more than steel)
– Complete loss of well
• Environmental concerns
– Aquifer contaminations with hydrocarbons

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 CemNET*
• Features
– Advanced fibers mixed with cement to seal lost
circulation

Schlumberger Public
– Engineered to an optimal size
– Inert
• No effect on Thickening Time
• Compatible with all cementing additives
– Extremely effective with CemCRETE* systems

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 CemNET*

• Applications
– Used across fractures, fissures, vugs, and permeable
zones

Schlumberger Public
– Temperature limitation up to 450 0F
– Used for cement plugs and primary cementing operations
– CemNET has been pumped through:
• Float equipment – 3 ½” casing with 3” ID restriction
• Liner Hangers: As low as 4 ½” in 7” casing
• Stage Collars: 6 ports with 0.45 in for each port
• Squeeze Tools: Retainer with a stinger ID of 0.75 in
• Perforations Squeeze: 0.25” diameter by 22” depth

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 CemNET*

• Benefits
– Easy to handle
– No cement fall back

Schlumberger Public
– Cure losses during primary cementing
• It is always preferred to cure losses prior to cementing
– Reduces disposal costs by reducing cement excess returns

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 Fibers in Cement

Is the concept new? No but,…

– Nylon and other fibers have been used with cement before
– No size optimization

Schlumberger Public
• Difficult to handle
• Difficult to disperse in cement
• Difficult to mix with cement (fiber lumps or fur balls)
• Tend to plug pumping and float equipment
– Difficulty in water wetting the fibers

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 Fibers in Cement
Other Fibers
• Difficult to handle when
dry
• Sizes are not optimized
• Fiber lumps or fur balls
• Difficult to water-wet
• Plug floating equipment
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CemNET*
• Easy to handle when dry
Schlumberger Public
• Controlled & optimized
sizes
• Well dispersed in slurry
• Easy to water-wet
• Plug only LC zones
 Mechanism
Fibrous material forms a mat at the fracture opening

Schlumberger Public
Circulation

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 Mechanism
• Dry fibers are bound together
– Easy to handle and add to cement
• No fiber lumps in mixing fluid

Schlumberger Public
• Well dispersed fibers once agitated
– High plugging efficiency
• Water wetting effect by the
surfactant
• Fibrous network across loss zones

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 CemNET* – Applications
• Cure loss circulation in primary/remedial cementing
– Casing/liners
– Cement plugs
• Drill pipe

Schlumberger Public
• Diverter tool
• Cement Retainers
– Through Coiled Tubing
– Through Drill Bit
• Preventing cement fall back after placement
• Increase ECD safety margin to prevent losses

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 Case History – Canada shallow gas
wells
7” Surf.
PROBLEM 70 m Casing
• Losses in over 90% of the wells Ground
Water

Schlumberger Public
• Large coal seams sections
Coal
• Difficult to identify Seam
• Losses encountered during cementings
• Ground water was not protected 4 1/2”
Productio
• Regulations called for cement to n Casing
surface
1100 m

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 Case History – Canada shallow gas
wells
ALTERNATIVES
– Drilled with gel mud
• Higher mud cost
• Longer drilling time

Schlumberger Public
– Standard LCM’s and viscous pills were ineffective
– RFC-HE cement systems were ineffective
– Excess cement volumes
• Cost increase due to cement handling and disposal
• Logistical difficulties in the cementing operation
– CemNET*

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 Case History – Canada shallow gas
wells
RESULTS
• CemNET* used on the first 95 bbls
• Reduced costs related to remedial cementing

Schlumberger Public
• Cement disposal cost dropped by 46%

80%
Percentage

60%

40%

20%

0%
Complete 75% 50% 25% No
Losses Losses

18 No CemNET* CemNET*
 Case history - Indonesia
PROBLEM
• Losses while drilling
16” @
• Range from1bbl/hr to total losses 150’

Schlumberger Public
• Mud weight 8.5-8.7 ppg
• LCM’s in mud were not effective
• Thixotropic cement was not
Natural
effective Fractures

Unconsolidate
d Sand

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 Case history - Indonesia
SOLUTION
• 30 bbls cement plug of 14 ppg treated with CemNET*

Schlumberger Public
RESULTS
• Cured the losses
• Casing cemented with 15.8 ppg CemNET
• 23 bbls of cement returned to surface
• Cementing Bond Log showed excellent bonding with 2 mV

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 Case history - Texas, US
PROBLEM
• Total lost circulation across brown dolomite while drilling
• 1,600 sacks of cement pumped to cure losses, not success

Schlumberger Public
SOLUTION
• Rather than continuing to damage the formation by pumping
additional conventional cement, CemNET* advance fiber
technology was used

RESULTS
• Following the Schlumberger CemNET treatment, drilling
resumed with full circulation established

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 Case history - Colorado, US
• Objective: Zonal isolation to be able to fracture formations
(sandstones and coal).

• Typical design

Schlumberger Public
– 2-Stage jobs (25 kUSD ~ 4 % cost per well)
– Lost circulation (60% of the cases)
– Multiple top up jobs required per well
• Options
– Foam
– CemCRETE* technology with CemNET*

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 Case history - Colorado, US
• CemCRETE* and CemNET* advance fiber technology used
• Results
– All jobs single stage
– 75% of the jobs with returns.

Schlumberger Public
Improved from 40%
– Cement volume reduction

• Conclusion:
‘ Improved lightweight cement slurries provided excellent
cementing performance with the application of new lost
circulation products’

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 Case history - Through CT,
Indonesia
• Job Objective: • Results:
– Squeeze off WI wells
SUCCESS RATIO
SQUEEZE IMPROVE BONDING DURI

Schlumberger Public
• Issues:
– Losses: Low success ratio 25
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100

SUCCESS RATIO
20 100% 80
55%

# JOB
• Solution: 15 60

(%)
11
9
10 52% 40
– Coiled Tubing placement 5
5 6 6
20
– CemNET* slurry 0 0
Bullheading Cement thru CT CemNET* thru CT

# JOB # GOOD CBL SUCCESS RATIO (%)

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 Case history- Western Siberia
• Job objective, cement through depleted reservoir:
– Cement to Surface
– Good cement at Shoe

Schlumberger Public
• Issues:
– Low Frac gradient
– Losses unpreventable using conventional technology

• Solution:
– CemNET* used in the Lead Slurry (added on the fly)
– Tail was below the losses

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 Case history- Western Siberia
Results
– Full circulation
– 3 m3 Lead Slurry to

Schlumberger Public
surface
– No top up job

CemNET* used on
every
Low-frac gradient well

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 Total lost circulation – Texas, US
• A operator in the Texas Panhandle was experiencing total
lost circulation across the Brown Dolomite while drilling
• 1,600 sacks of cement pumped to cure losses, not
success

Schlumberger Public
• Rather than continuing to damage the formation by
pumping additional conventional cement
• CemNET* advance fiber technology was used
• Following the Schlumberger CemNET treatment, drilling
resumed with full circulation established

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 Two Stage Jobs– Colorado, US
• Objective: Zonal isolation to be able to fracture formations
(sandstones and coal).

• Typical design

Schlumberger Public
– 2-Stage jobs (25 kUSD ~ 4 % cost per well)
– Lost circulation (60% of the cases)
– Multiple top up jobs required per well
• Options
– Foam
– CemCRETE technology with CemNET*

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 Two stage jobs – Colorado, US
• CemCRETE* and CemNET* advance fiber technology used
• Results
– All jobs single stage
– 75% of the jobs with returns.

Schlumberger Public
Improved from 40%
– Cement volume reduction

• Conclusion:
‘ Improved lightweight cement slurries provided excellent
cementing performance with the application of new lost
circulation products’
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 Case Study – Kuwait (1)
PROBLEM
• Loss circulation zones across Damman to
Maestrichtian formation (fractured
limestone and dolomite with shale streaks)

Schlumberger Public
• Drilling blind with water and viscous pills
• Primary Objective
– Circulate cement to surface in a single
stage
• Before multi-stages required to cementing
• Before multiple top jobs required

– Providing long-term zonal isolation and

casing support
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 Case Study – Kuwait (1)
SOLUTION
• Single stage cementing job

Schlumberger Public
• Ultra LiteCRETE* slurry at 7.5 ppg treated with CemNET*

RESULTS
– No losses during cementing, 10 bbl slurry circulation
– Saved $40K per well, now a standard system
– Eliminated stage tool
– No need for multiple top out jobs to bring cement to surface

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 Case history – Kuwait (2)
PROBLEM
• Lost circulation in production zone at 14730 ft (5 ¾” OH)
• 16.3 ppg OBM, 700 bbl per day losses

Schlumberger Public
SOLUTION
• 2 acidizable cement plugs with CemNET* (2.1 ppb)
• 17 ppg slurry with 225% BWOC of calcium carbonate

RESULTS
• Losses controlled
• Well acidized during completion, well producing OK
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 Case history - Bahrain
PROBLEM
• Squeeze job into existing perforations and re-perforate
Magwa formation to reduce water cut
• High injectivity rate

Schlumberger Public
– 3 bpm @ 65 psi indicating a lost circulation problem

SOLUTION
• Hesitation squeeze using 5” cement retainer
• 15.8 ppg slurry treated with 2 lbs/bbl CemNET*
• Only 7 bbl were squeezed with final pressure 250 psi

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 Case history - Bahrain
RESULTS
• Successful squeeze job
• After 12 hrs, perforations tested at 300 psi, for 10 min, OK

Schlumberger Public
CONCLUSIONS
• CemNET* proved solution for high injectivity squeeze
cementing
• CemNET minimized the formation damage due to less
cement required to be pumped in the pay zone
• CemNET saved rig time and potential additional costs for
the client if they had to repeat the squeeze job again
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 Case history – China
CHALLENGE
• Partial losses in low permeability HTHP
production zone
– gas well, 5 7/8” OH, 12 m3/hr losses

Schlumberger Public
• Conventional LCM used to cure losses
while drilling
• Control Losses during cementing and
avoid damage the formation (5” liner
@ 4920 m)
SOLUTION
• GASBLOK* slurry treated with 1.5 lbs/bbl
CemNET*
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 Case history – China
RESULTS
• No losses during cementing, full returns
• Good cementing log evaluation
• No damage to the gas reservoir

Schlumberger Public
• well started producing at 550,000 M3/D of natural gas
• wellhead pressure ~40MPa
• The best producer in this area so far

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 CemNET* – Jobs

10000
8683

8000

Schlumberger Public
Job Count

6000
4211
4000 2921

2000 1328
382
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year

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 CemNET*
A strong barrier against lost circulation across:
• Highly permeable zones

Schlumberger Public
• Natural fractures
• Induced fractures
• Vugular formations

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 Technical Material

• Key SPE papers:

– SPE 84617: Designing Fibred Cement Slurries for Lost
Circulation Applications: Case Histories

Schlumberger Public
– SPE 85324: Using a Novel Fibre Cement System to Control Lost
Circulation: Case Histories from the Middle East and the Far
East
– SPE 92187: Preventing Loss Circulation while Cementing in
Mexico’s Depleted Formations using Lightweight Slurries with
Reticular Systems

Customer URL: http://www.slb.com

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 Thanks for

Schlumberger Public
your attention!

Questions?

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