External Anatomy of the Frog

External Anatomy
of the
Frog
Determine if your frog is a Male or Female

The sex of a frog may be determined externally by

examining the thumb pads on the front feet. The thumb
pads of males are enlarged at the base as in the drawing on
the right.
 The vertebrae
Pelvic Girdle

Lower jaw

Hindlimb

The Skull Pectoral girdle & sternum Forelimb

The skull

Foramen magnum
Eye Socket/ Orbit Prootic
Fronto parietal
Squamosal
Nasal

Quadratojugal

Quadratojugal Squamosal

Prootic

Internal nares
 Occipital condyles

Squamosal

Quadratojugal
Foramen magnum
Maxillary teeth

Maxillary arch

Premaxillae
Ventral Side
Lower Jaw

Angulo-splenial

dentary
Mento-meckelian
Pectoral girdle and sternum episternum

Clavicle
omosternum

Suprascapula
Epicoracoid
cartilage coracoid
scapula Xiphisternum

Fenestra
coracoid
Glenoid fossa
 Pelvic girdle

illium

acetabulum

ischium
Pubis symphysis
Vertebral column

Neural spine
Transverse process
posterior

Vertebral foramen
Postzygapophysis Centrum
anterior
Typical Typical
vertebravertebra Atlas Neural spine
Typical vertebra
Neural spine Postzygapophysis
Postzygapophysis

Prezygapophysis
Centrum

Urostyle

Sacral
Carina or keel

Vertebral
Centrum
foramen

Concavities for
Prominence of centrum
articulation with
sacral vertebra
 The forelimb Phalanges

Matacarpals

Deltoid ridge

Carpals
The hindlimb

Tibio-fibula
Tarsals Head of femur

Tarsals
metatarsals
Temporalis

Latissimus
dorsi

External
oblique
Longissimus
dorsi
External oblique

Latissimus dorsi Depressor mandibulae

 Longissimus
dorsi

External
Oblique

Ileu-lumbaris

Coccygeo-
sacralis

Gluteus
 Deltoid

Sternoradialis

Anterior pectoralis)

Pectoralis sternalis)

Pectoralis abdominis

Rectus abdominis

External Oblique
Linea alba
 Deltoid

Sternoradialis

(Anterior pectoralis)

Pectoralis sternalis
(Middle pectoralis)
Pectoralis abdominis
(Posterior pectoralis)
 Xiphoid cartillage

Linea alba
Rectus abdominis

Inscriptiones
tendinae
Geniohyoid

Mylohyoid
Hyoglossus

Deltoid

Sternoradialis

Anterior
pectoralis

Posterior
pectoralis
Pectoralis sternalis
 Triceps femoris

Adductor longus

Sartorius
Adductor magnus

Gracilis major
Triceps femoris

Biceps femoris

Gracilis minor
Semimembranosus
 Gastrocnemius

Tendon of Achilles

Peroneus
Tibialis anticus
Tibialis posticus
 Functions of the Frog Brain
• Spinal Cord - Main pathway to and from the brain
• Spinal Nerves - Nerves that lead to and from the spinal cord
• Olfactory Lobe - associated with the sense of smell
• Cerebrum - associated with memory, pain, and voluntary muscle control.
• Optic Lobes - associated with vision.
• Cerebellum - influences balance and equilibrium.
• Medulla Oblongata - center for some involuntary functions.
• Cranial Nerves - Nerves that lead to and from the brain.