Thinking Beyond Didactics

Dr. Manzoor A. Khalidi

• “I am not an expert, I am a philosopher; an expert knows
what he knows, and knows what he does not know; a
philosopher does not know what he knows, and does not
know what he does not know”
• Jean-François Lyotard (1979) La Condition Postmoderne:
Rapport Sur Le Savoir (The Postmodern Condition: A
Report On Knowledge)
 DIDACTIC, DIALECTIC, MAIEUTICS
• Didactic method (greek: διδάσκειν didáskein, "to teach") is a teaching method that follows a
consistent scientific approach or educational style to present information to students.
• Dialectic or dialectics (greek: διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ), also known as the dialectical method, is a
discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but
wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.
• Socratic method, also known as Maieutics, method of elenchus, elenctic method, or socratic debate,
is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and
answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying
presumptions.
 PEDAGOGY, ANDRAGOGY, HEUTAGOGY

• PEDAGOGY (Paidos: Child; Ago: I Lead): Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776 –1841) the theory of
education. Herbart's educational philosophy: the correlation between personal development and the
resulting benefits to society.
• ANDRAGOGY (Andr: Man; Agogus: Leader of): Term originally coined by German educator
Alexander Kapp in 1833; the science of understanding (theory) and supporting (practice) lifelong
education of adults. Malcolm Knowles (1913-97) a specific theoretical and practical approach based
on a humanistic conception of self-directed and autonomous learners as well as teachers as facilitators
of learning.
• HEUTAGOGY (AUTODIDACTICISM)
 PEDAGOGY, ANDRAGOGY, HEUTAGOGY
PEDAGOGY
Learner —The learner is dependent on the
instructor, the teacher schedules all the
activities; determining how, when and
where they should take place
—Teacher is the one who is responsible for
what is taught and how it is taught
—Teacher evaluates the learning
Learner's experience —There is little experience which could be
gained from this kind of learning
—Method is didactic
Readiness to learn —Standardized curriculum set which will be
based on societal needs
Orientation to —Here, it is a process of acquiring subject
learning matter
Motivation —Motivation is by external pressure, and
there is lot of competition for grades
ANDRAGOGY
—Learner is self-directed and moves
towards independence
—Learner is responsible for the learning
—Self-evaluation is seen
—There is large quantity of experience
gained
— Method used is problem solving,
discussion, service-learning
—Curriculum is more application based and
it revolves around life
—Here learning is for performing tasks and
solving problems
—It is driven by internal motivation. Includes
self-actualization, self-confidence etc.
 FUTURE TALKS: PEDAGOGICAL TOOLS

• Disruption in the Higher Education Sector • Assessment and Testing

• Critical Thinking • Experiential Learning

• Socratic Questioning
• Case Method of Teaching
• Cornell Method of Note Taking
• Bloom’s Taxonomy
• Flip Learning
• MOOC
• Blended Learning • Content Development
• Action Research • Other tools
• Action Learning • SPICE Model (Presentation by the VC)