2.

Determine the types and elements

of leadership
3. Identify the characteristics of
participatory action planning
Community leadership is described as less hierarchical and often based on voluntary
actions. serving as an instrument for change. There are instances when community
leaders are not formally elected. They are envisioned to introduce innovations in the
community offering solutions to social problems.
The Leadership Community Theory stresses that “leadership should be seen
not only as position and authority, but also as an emergent, interactive
dynamic.” The theory cites three types of leadership

Administrative leadership is hiererchical and controlling.

Enabling leadership encourages creative problem solving, learning and
adaptability.
Adapting leadership is a dynamic that empowers change. This is a way of
dealing of successful community learning new behavior and innovation
In a study of communities by Onyx and Leonard (2011), seven elements of
successful community leadership are identified:
Leaders are involved in the formal and informal networks of the
community.
Leaders share decision making with the community.
Leaders engage others in their activities and projects.
Leaders have a vision for the community’s future.
Leaders possess practical management skills.
Leaders carefully plan who will be their successors.
Leaders have commitment, persistence, and energy.
One of the roles of the leaders is to guide their members to work
collaboratively with their plans and reflect on the appropriate approaches to
apply to ensure the success of the community .
PARTICIPATORY ACTION
Participatory Action in relation to the definition to research, is an approach
that uses different means to address for the improvement of a community’s
practice.
Five Characteristics of Participaratory Action

1. Participatory
The community maintains control over the
process of dealing with issues

2. Defined by a Need of Action

The community initiates the project that will
address the issues and this action id guidedby
a goal.
3. Useful and Meaningful
The members of the community are provided
with the oppurtunity to analyze situationsand
develop solutions
4. Reflexive
The members reflect on the activities executed
regularly, and determine the benefits and
purpose of the projects.

5. Flexible and Interactive

Throughout the process, action plans may be
modified depending on the needs of the
community
1. It is described as less hierarchical and often based on voluntary
actions
2. It is stresses that “leadership should be seen not only as position and
authority, but also as an emergent, interactive dynamic.”
3. It is a dynamic that empowers change
4. It is encourages creative problem solving, learning and adaptability.
5. It is hiererchical and controlling.

6-10 Give the Five Characteristics of Participaratory Action