Introduction and Defining

Globalization
Learning Outcomes

 Agree on a working definition of

globalization for the course
 Differentiate the competing conceptions of
globalization; and
 Narrate a personal experience of
globalization
 Why this course?

 Avoid parochialism

 World teaches us more about our society

 Filipinos increasingly interacting with the

world
– OFW 4,018 Filipinos per day in 2009,
6,092 in 2015, total of 2.5 M
– Internet, cheaper travel, presence of
MNCs
The course’s approach: The Study
of Globalization

 Globalization: inherently interdisciplinary

 See contemporary world through a broad

lens

 Allows us to examine various globalizing

processes

 Forces us to ask questions re. global

citizenship
Academic definition

 As opposed to popular/activist definition:

 Not “neoliberal globalization”/ “market

globalism”
The need for an interdisciplinary
approach

– We need to transcend our disciplinary

boundaries…
For a political scientist

 Political scientist: “Challenge to the nation-

state.”
– Strength of regional blocks (EU)
– Emergence of global political norms
( Human rights respect )
For a political scientist

 Political scientist: “Challenge to the

nation- state.”
– Emergence of corporations (TNCs)
(http://www.businessinsider.com/25-corporations-bigger-tan-countries-2011-6#walmart-is-bigger-
than-norway-25
 Philippines/Gross Domestic Product
– 304.9 billion USD (2016)
For the economist…

 Increased free trade

 Speed of trade (milliseconds to trade shares)
 Global economic organizations
 Regional trade blocks
Increased free trade
Global Economic Organizations
Global Economic Organizations
Global Economic Organizations
Global Economic Organizations
Regional Trade Blocs
For the scholar of culture and
communication

 “Global village”
 Communications technology as “shrinking”
our world
 “Cultural imperialism”
They are ALL correct.
How do we bring these various
perspectives together?

 Working definition of globalization:

Steger: “Globalization refers to the

expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world-
time and world-space”
Attributes of Globalization

1. Various forms of connectivity

2. Expansion and stretching of social
relations
3. Intensification and acceleration of social
exchanges and activities
4. Occurs subjectively
1. Various forms of connectivity

 They are diverse (can be economic,

political, cultural, etc.)

 They are enabled by various factors,

pressures, media, etc.

 They are uneven (different degrees of

interconnection)
2. Expansion and Stretching of
Social Relations

 1. NGOs
 2. Friendships/Relationships
 3. Government associations
 4. MNCs
3. Intensification and Acceleration
of Social Exchanges and Activities

 1. From snail mail to Facebook

 2. Live television
 3. Increased travel (cheap flights)
4. Occurs Subjectively

 1. We think about the world (#PrayforParis

for example)
 2. We associate ourselves with global
trends (fan of K-Pop)
 3. Hopefully, we feel some sense of
responsibility (climate change)
 THIS PROCESS IS UNEVEN
Helpful question: What is being
globalized?

 The different forms of connectivity and

flows are different aspects of globalization

 Different “globalities” represent different

forms of globalization – Flusty (2004)

 Depending on the globality, you see a

different dynamic
What is your globalization story?

 How have you experienced globalization?

Suggested Activity

Sharing of one’s globalization stories

This Power Point Presentation is adopted
from Dr. Lisandro Elias E. Claudio.