MUSCUL AR

SYSTEM
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

I. SKELETAL MUSCLES (Striated or voluntary muscles)

-makes up about 40% of an adults’ body weight
-has strip-like markings
-composed of long muscle fibers
-muscle fiber is a cell that contains several nuclei
-it is capable of performing wide-variety of movement
-they are attached to the bones by tough connective tissue called TENDONS
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

II. CARDIAC MUSCLES (heart muscle)

-involuntary and innervated by the autonomic nervous system
III. SMOOTH MUSCLES (unstriated or involuntary)
-controlled by the nervous system and hormones
-considered involuntary since they receive their innervations through the
autonomic nervous system
SKELETAL MUSCLE

- Composed of 650 individual muscles

- Composed of thousands of fibers or cells
FUNCTIONS:
-gives specific shape
-for locomotion and manipulation
-for postural support
-assist in venous return of blood
-important role in thermogenesis
-act as energy transducers
CHARACTERISTICS THAT ALLOW
MUSCLE TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT
IRRITABILITY
-receive and respond to stimuli
CONTRACTIBILITY
-responds to a stimulus by shprtening
EXTENSIBILITY
-ability to be stretched or lengthened
ELASTICITY
-ability to return to its resting length
CLASSIFCATION OF SKELETAL
MUSCLES ACCORDING TO FIBER
• Strap muscle are strap-like, with parallel muscle fibers
• Fusiform muscles have parallel muscle fiber arrangement and are spindle shape
• Unipennate
• Bipennate
• Multipennate
MUSCLE CONTRACTION

- Refers to the initiation of the tension producing processes of the contracticle elements within
muscle
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTIONS
STATIC CONTRACTION
DYNAMIC CONTRACTION
CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION
ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
HOW MUSCLES PRODUCE MOVEMENT

-Skeletal muscles produce force that is transferred to the tendons.

-The smallest contractile unit of the muscle cell is the sarcomere
-Sarcomere is composed of 2 types of muscle protein called ACTIN and MYOSIN
-During a bicep curl, the PRIME MOVERS are the elbow flexors
-The opposing muscle is called ANTAGONIST
UNPLEASANT OUTCOMES OF
UNACCUSTOMED MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
MUSCULAR FATIGUE
CAUSE: Occurs when the muscles cannot exert normal force or when more effort
than normal
RELIEF: Take a rest
PREVENTION: do a warm up exercise and avoid overexertion
UNPLEASANT OUTCOMES OF
UNACCUSTOMED MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
• MUSCULAR SORENESS
CAUSE: Consequence of overexertion
Can be Immediate onset that can be felt during or immediately after an exercise
Delayed onset Muscle Soreness which can be felt within 24-48 hours after an activity
RELIEF: Static stretching of the sore muscle
Taking anti-inflammatory drugs
PREVENTION: Exercise on your own phase and avoid overexertion
UNPLEASANT OUTCOMES OF
UNACCUSTOMED MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
• SPRAIN
CAUSE: A stretched or torn ligament
RELIEF: RICE(Rest,Ice,Compression,Elevation)
See a doctor if symptoms persist
PREVENTION: Do warm up exercises
UNPLEASANT OUTCOMES OF
UNACCUSTOMED MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
• STRAIN
CAUSE: A stretched or torn muscle or tendon
RELIEF: RICE(Rest,Ice,Compression,Elevation)
See a doctor if symptoms persist
PREVENTION: Do warm up exercises
FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE HEALTH

• HEREDITY
– Genetics are important determinants of fiber type distribution and metabolic properties of muscle
fibers
• AGE
– Muscles increase in size from infancy to maturity thus they also increase in strength
• GENDER
– During early adulthood there is an increased level of testosterone in males which favors greater
muscle mass ad larger fiber size in males
FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE HEALTH

• NUTRITIONAL STATUS
– Foods that are rich in protein is good for the muscles
• ACTIVITY LEVEL
– Males are generally more active than females which give them more and