Enabling Objectives

 DESCRIBE the personnel, equipment response

, and considerations for a shoring evolution.
 DESCRIBE the personnel, equipment response
, and considerations for a pipe patching evolutio
n.
 DESCRIBE the personnel, equipment response
, and considerations for a hole plugging evoluti
on.
 Enabling Objectives
 IDENTIFY by name and function the various t
ypes of shoring configurations.
 DESCRIBE the different methods of measurin
g, cutting, and erecting shoring.
 STATE requirements for storing shoring mater
ials aboard ship.
 IDENTIFY by name and function the various t
ypes of plugs and patches available.
 Enabling Objectives
 DESCRIBE different methods of patching
damaged piping systems.
 Shoring is the process of erecting
supports for a structure to prevent metal
fatigue, bulging, sagging, or panting of decks
and bulkheads.
 Terminology
 SHORE
 SHOLE
 STRONGBACK
 WEDGE
 SHORING BATTEN
 DIRECT COMPRESSION
 CROSS AXIAL STRESS
 Situations for the use of
Shoring?
 Battle
 Collision
 Heavy seas and
 Excess weight
 Principles of Shoring
 Use shoring for support only; do not try to r
estore to original shape.
 support the structure properly by spreading
pressure over a wide area with a good layou
t of strongbacks or a shole.
 Observe shore length limitations.
 Use strong points for shoring anchor points.
 Avoid cross axial stress.
 Materials Used To Shoring
1. Shore – is a portable beam.
a. 4” x 4” shore can be cut 10ft long – max cut
6” x 6” shore can be cut 15ft long – max cut
4” x 6” shore can be cut 10ft long – max cut

b. For storage purposes, it is recommended tha

t shores be in 16 – 18 ft in length in order that m
ay be cut when needed to desired size with mini
mum amount of waste.

c. If possible have shores treated with fire resist

ant chemicals but they should never be painted.
 Materials
 Wood
(1) Soft wood, Douglas fir and yellow pine
are the best.
(2) All wood must be relatively free of knot
s and cracks.
(3) Must be coated with fire resistant chemi
cal or fire resistant paint.
 Materials
 Steel
(1) Prefabricated adjustable steel shores.
(2) Stronger than wood and is fire proof. Ca
n also be welded into place if necessary.
(3) Comes in two sizes: 3-5 ft and 6-11 ft (e
ach is adjustable plus or minus 3 inches).
 Adjustable Steel Shores

SIZE STR
ENTHSTRENGHT(AT
G Plus
M
AXE
XTE
NSIO
N)
M inus

3-5ft 20,000lbs 12,000lbs +/-

3in.
6-11ft 20,000lbs 6,000lbs +/-
3in.
2. Wedge - is a block triangular on the sides and
rectangular on the butt end.

a. It is a soft wood preferably yellow pine.

b. Should be approximately as wide as the shor

e width.
3. Sholes - is a flat plate/block which maybe plac
ed under the end of a shore to distribute weight
or pressure.

a. It is made of soft wood yellow pine or steel pl

ate.

b. One inch or more in thickness and from 8” to

12” wide.
4. Strongback - is a bar or beam of wood or met
al often shorter than a shore and used to distrib
ute pressure or to serve as an anchorage for a
patch over a hole.

Scrap of shores obtained when cutting

shore maybe retained for used as strongback.
 Shoring Configurations

• Rectangular or I-type
(1) Uses direct pressure
(2) Simplest type
(3) Fastest type
(4) Strongest type
(5) Excellent for shoring hatches
• K-type
(1) Also known as triangular shoring.

(2) Maximum angle of K-type shore is 90 d

egrees.

(3) Excellent for deck, overhead, and bulkhea

d support.
 H-type or no deck anchorage type
(1) Involves cross axial stress.
(2) Should be strengthened with two or
more slanting members.
Strengthening (may be called Complex Ty
pe shoring)
 Shoring Material Kit
 Lumber-soft wood 4in X 4in X 12ft
 Steel shore 6 to 11 ft and 3 to 5 ft
 Wood wedges
 Chisel’s, Claw hammer, and nails
 5 lb mauls, circular saw, and hand saws
 Carpenters square/pencils, folding rule, and
tape measure
 Adjustable small(4x7’) and large(7x12’) sh
oring battens
STOWAGE
Locations
 Shipboard Repair Lockers
“most of the time” will
have the lineman tool
bag.
 Engineering space kit is
another excellent source
for materials needed
during shoring.
Plugging and Patching
“There are two general meth
ods of repairing a hole; eith
er put something into it or p
ut something over it”!
 Purpose of Plugging and Patching

Primary Purpose - is to minimize flooding damage

by reducing the flooding rate below the pumping capa
city by any means available.
Secondary Purposes are :
a. To preserve the stability and buoyancy by c
onfining the damage by setting flooding boundaries a
nd sealing off adjacent compartments.
b. To restore vital service of vital equipment such
as fire main, low pressure air or any damage o
f piping system.
 Material Use In Plugging and Patching

1. Wooden Plug
a. Provide the simplest method to repair leaking h
ole.
b. Plugs are made of softwood and used effectivel
y under most condition especially in small size hol
e.
c. Every ship should have a large assortment of c
onical plug, square ended plug and wedge shape
plug at each repair station.
d. The plugs should not be painted because unpai
nted softwood absorb water well and grip better.

e. Plugs should be stowed in canvass bags secure

d from the DC locker.
f. It is best to wrap the plug with a lightweight clot
h before inserting because cloth will help to fill up t
he gap of the wood.
g. Wooden plugs will not always make a watertight
fit but by calking the remaining area with rags oaku
m and small wedges the rate of water leaks can be
greatly reduce.
2. Cloth Plugs
a. Conical plug of cloth 2 inches in diameter at the
other end.
b. Made up of a core, a piece of heavy line 3 ft lon
g.
c. An eye was spliced at each end of the core line
and wrapped with strip of blanket into a cone shap
e.
d. Serving lines were secured to the eye where in t
he plug could be lowered over the side and pulled i
nto place.
3. Pillows and Mattresses

a. Pillows and mattresses could be rolled up and s

hored into holes.

b. They could be rolled around wooden plug or tim

ber to increase their size and provide rigidly.

c. Wrapping them in a blanket sometime helps but

cannot be relied upon because there is a tendency
to be turn out of the holes by waves.
4. Box Patches

a. Could be made more effective by fitting in with p

illows, rugs or fitting the hole with plug before appl
ying box patch.

b. Box Patch should be provided with a gasket of r

ubber or canvas.

c. Two types of Box Patch

1) Steel

a) Range in size up to 18 inches square and 6 inc

hes in deep.

b) Initially held in place by shoring.

c) Can be welded in place with angle clips and the

shoring materials are used after the compartment i
s de-watered.
2) Wood
a) Range in size up to 4 ft square and 2 ft deep

b) Held in place by shoring

5. Bucket Patches

a. An ordinary galvanized bucket can be used in s

everal ways to stop leaks.

b. It can pushed into hole bottom first to form a me

tal plug or it could be stuffed with rags and put ove
r a hole like a box patch.

c. It can be held in place by shoring or using L bolt

s, J bolts or folding T-bolts.
6. Plate Patches

a. A very useful patches made out of square plate

s of steel.

b. At the side is a thick gasket place near the edge

s.

c. This plates are made in various sizes.

d. Initial patches could be mattresses, pillows, bla

nkets, mess tables, plank deck plates.
7. Hinged Plate Patch
a. Variation of plate which is 18 inches diameter c
ut into two and hinged together that is maybe folde
d and pushed through a hole from inside the ship.
b. Plate is fitted with gasket and also a line for sec
uring it to the ship.
c. With this design a man with a shallow water divi
ng outfit can apply patch over a submerged hole wi
thout going outside the ship.
d. This patch is designed for a small holes as it ha
s no vertical support to hold it in place.
 Pipe Patching
Before starting to repair any pipe line, it m
aybe necessary to remove pressure and provide a
uxiliary service.

Two Types of Pipe Patching

A. Soft Patch
B. Jubilee Patch
A. Soft Patch

1. Reduce the area of leak by driving soft plug but

do not drive plugs too far so as not to reduce the fl
ow inside the pipe.

2. Trim the plug with the outside of the pipe and wr

apped area with rubber sheet.

3. Tie end patch at the center with a thread or rub

ber and wrapped it at each end then back to the ce
nter.
4. It could be wrapped more for persistence leaks.

5. A properly applied soft patch will effectively hold

a pressure of 150 psi.
B. Jubilee Patch

Piece of sheet metal rolled into a cylinder and s

haped at the gap so that the two ends flanged.