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TECHNOLOGY
Living in the Information Technology Era and
Discovering Computers 2016
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
OPENING ACTIVITY
• Group 1 MOBILE PHONE
• Group 2 LAPTOP SPEAKER
• Group 3 POWER BANK
• Group 4 FLASH DRIVE
• Group 5 HEADSET OR EARPHONES
LIVING IN IT ERA
AVAILABILITY
ICT HIERARCHY MOBILE SIGNAL
MOBILE SIGNAL ACCESS
BY COLRAIN ZUPPO INFRASTRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE
CRISIS /DISEASE
MOBILE DEVICES MANAGEMENT
ECONOMIC DEV’T
GOODS PRODUCED/ PHONES, TABLETS, PAGERS,
MANUFACTURED OTHERS
ECONOMIC RELATED SERVICES
SECTOR
DIGITAL ECONOMY
METRIC
ICT
SKILLS AND
COMPETENCIES
PHONES, TABLETS, PAGERS,
EDUCATION DEVICES / TOOLS INCLUDE COMPUTERS
PEDAGOGIES
NETWORKS
ARCHITECTURES
BUSINESS / IT SUPPORT SYSTEM
LIVING IN IT ERA
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
TOOLS INTELLIGENT
MACHINES AUTOMATION
SYSTEMS
The technique of
Combining set making a process Are far more
of tools to do or system complex and are
tasks faster and operates capable of
more efficiently automatically learning.
LIVING IN IT ERA
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
ACTIVITY 2
Research about the History of Computers, create a short
summary of the important points in each generation. Please
consider the 1st generation to 5th generation of computers.
LIVING IN IT ERA
FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
(BASED ON DESIGN, SUITABILITY AND
RELIABILITY)
• FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER (1946 – 1959)
• 1946 – ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrator
and Calculator) designed by J. Presper Eckert
and John W. Mauchly from the University of
Pennsylvania.
- it was the first electronic computer and was
considered the first generation of computer
- was a modular computer, composed of several
panels capable of performing different functions.
It could only store limited or small amount of
information and only do arithmetic operations
such as addition and subtraction up to 10 digits
- the computer was roughly 167 square meters
and weighed 27 tons that uses vacuum tubes.
LIVING IN IT ERA
FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
(BASED ON DESIGN, SUITABILITY AND RELIABILITY)
• SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER (1959 –
1965)
LIVING IN IT ERA
FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
(BASED ON DESIGN, SUITABILITY AND RELIABILITY)
• THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER (1965 – 1971)
• 1965 - Jack Kilby invented the INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT (IC) that was used instead of
TRANSISTORS as the interior sections to build the
computer
• A single IC has many transistors, resistors and
capacitors that even the full circuit board of a
transistor can be replaced entirely with one chip;
smaller, unfailing, effective computers.
• Remote processing, time sharing and
multiprogramming operating systems were used.
LIVING IN IT ERA
FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
(BASED ON DESIGN, SUITABILITY AND RELIABILITY)
• FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1971 – 1980)
• VLSI (VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED) CIRCUITS
were used to build computers.
- these circuits have about 5,000 transistors and
other circuit elements with their connected circuits
on a single chip known as the microprocessor.
- Personal computers became more powerful,
dense, reliable and inexpensive using these chips.
- other application that uses these chips are
pocket calculators, TV, automotive devices and
audio and video appliances.
LIVING IN IT ERA
FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
(BASED ON DESIGN, SUITABILITY AND RELIABILITY)
• FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1980 – onwards)
•What is an input
device?
Hardware used to
enter data
and instructions
LIVING IN IT ERA
THREE TYPES OF MONITORS
b. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD) – is a flat –
panel display that consists of a layer of color
or monochrome pixels arranged schematically
between a couple of transparent electrodes
and two polarizing filters. Optical effect is
achieved by polarizing the light in varied
amounts and making it pass through the liquid
crystal layer.
LIVING IN IT ERA
THREE TYPES OF MONITORS
c. LIGHT EMITING DIODE (LED) – is a flat –
panel display that uses light – emitting
diodes for backlighting. The display is of
LCD only but the backlighting is done by
LEDs. LED monitors are said to use much
lesser power than CRT and LCD. Thus,
they are considered environment-
friendly.
LIVING IN IT ERA
DATA AND INFORMATION
• SPEAKERS allow
you to hear audio
such as music,
voice, and other
sounds
• Earbuds
• Headphones
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
DATA AND INFORMATION
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
DATA AND INFORMATION
• A USB FLASH DRIVE is a portable storage device that is small
and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in
a pocket
• A HARD DISK provides much greater storage capacity than a
USB flash drive. Hard disks are enclosed in an airtight, sealed
case.
• PORTABLE HARD DISKS are either external or removable. An
external hard disk is a separate, freestanding unit, whereas
you insert and remove a removable hard disk from the
computer or a device connected to the computer.
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
DATA AND INFORMATION
• An OPTICAL DISC is a flat, round, portable metal disc
with a plastic coating. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs are
three types of optical discs.
• A CD can hold from 650 million to 1 billion characters.
Some DVDs can store two full-length movies or 17 billion
characters. Blu-ray Discs can store about 46 hours of
standard video, or 100 billion characters.
• Some mobile devices, such as digital cameras, use
MEMORY CARDS as the storage media. You can use a
card reader/writer.
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole
or in part.
WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL
Computers are powerful for a variety of reasons. They work with
remarkable speed, reliability, consistency and accuracy. It is also
used to store large amount of data and is used for
communication.
LIVING IN IT ERA
WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL
RELIABILITY AND CONSISTENCY – The electronic components in a
modern computers are dependable because they have a low
failure rate. The high reliability of components enables the
computer to produce consistent results.
LIVING IN IT ERA
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS
Computers can be classified based on size and computing power. The general
classifications of computers are as follows:
• PERSONAL COMPUTER – a small single – user computer based on a microprocessor,
a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, monitor for displaying
information and a storage device for saving data.
• WORKSTATION – powerful, single-user computer. Just like the PC built has more
powerful microprocessor and a higher quality monitor.
• MINICOMPUTER – multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds
of users simultaneously.
• MAINFRAME – powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
• SUPERCOMPUTER – extremely fast computer that can perform millions of
instructions per second. Example is NASA’s Pleiades supercomputer that has
245,536 CPU cores and a total memory of 935TB.
LIVING IN IT ERA
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Computers are also categorized into several types according to specific use due to the
introduction of mobile devices and proliferation of internet devices. The different
types of computers are as follows:
• DESKTOP COMPUTERS – designed to be placed on a desk.
• LAPTOP COMPUTERS – are battery-powered computer devices whose portability
makes them possible to use almost anytime, anywhere.
• TABLET COMPUTERS – hand-help computers with touch sensitive screen for typing
and navigation.
• SMARTPHONES – hand-held telephones which can do things that computers can
do, including browsing and searching the internet even playing games.
• WEARABLES – includes fitness trackers and smartwatches that can be worn
throughout the day.
• SMART TVs – are the latest television sets that include applications presents in
computers; videos can be streamed from the internet directly onto the TV. It can be
used as a computer monitor and gaming monitor.
LIVING IN IT ERA
The Web
• The Internet is a
worldwide
collection of
computer networks
that connects
millions of
businesses,
government
agencies,
educational
institutions, and
individuals
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The
Web
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Web
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Web
• A browser is
software that
enables users
with an Internet
connection to
access and view
webpages on a
computer or
mobile device
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to
a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Web
• A search engine is
software that
finds websites,
webpages,
images, videos,
news, maps, and
other information
related to a
specific topic
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
Digital Safety and Security
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
• Recycling
• Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features
• Regulating manufacturing processes
• Extending the life of computers
• Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Programs and Apps
• Software, also called a program, tells the computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Tools
Applications
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Programs and Apps
Communication
s and Networks
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communications
and Networks
• A communications
device is hardware
capable of
transferring items
from computers
and devices to
transmission
media and vice
versa
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to
a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communications and
Networks
• Examples of wireless
communications
technologies include:
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Technology Uses
Publishing Manufacturing
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Technology Users
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE, AND
COMPUTER AGE
• MEDIA - refers to the means of communication that uses unique
tools to interconnect among people. The forms of media includes
television, radio, cellular phones, and internet.
• In the digitals age, media can be considered as the message, the
medium and the messenger.
THE MESSAGE
Media is considered to be the message itself for those who create and
own the rights of content. The forms of content can be user-generated
or professionally-produced.
LIVING IN IT ERA
EXAMPLES OF MEDIA TOOLS USED BY
MILLENIALS TO GENERATE CONTENT
• BLOG – it is a combination of two words: WEB and LOG. It is like a
diary or journal, it is used to express one’s thoughts or emotions
through writing, only that in blogging privacy becomes irrelevant
because a blog post cab be seen by anyone online.
• BLOGGER – a person who writes blogs.
Eg. Maine Mendoza “Yaya Dub” in Kalye Serye of Eat Bulaga
- a TV personality who does blogging to further express feelings,
thoughts and opinion.
LIVING IN IT ERA
EXAMPLES OF MEDIA TOOLS USED BY
MILLENIALS TO GENERATE CONTENT
• MICROBLOGS AND VIDEO BLOGS – become popular due to
the rise of Tumblr and Twitter in which users instantly share
limited content or short messages.
• VLOGGERS, YOUTUBEBERS, or SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS
- uploads videos to blog. They even make money based on
the number of view.
LIVING IN IT ERA
DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE, AND
COMPUTER AGE
THE MEDIUM
• MEDIUM – refers to the tools used in sending message from the
source to the destination. Eg. (traditional) TV or radio, (today) social
media like TWITTER – users can update others using a certain topic.
THE MESSENGER
• MESSENGER – the one who delivers the message, this why
broadcasters for examples being the messenger of the new are called
“MEDIA”.
LIVING IN IT ERA
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
• The media has transformed itself based in two things – (1)
how information is presented; and (2) how the connection is
established.
• Woodcut printing on cloth or paper was used in the early
15th century.
• 1436, Johannes Gutenberg - started working on a printing
press which used relief printing and a molding system.
• 1800, TELEGRAPH and TELEPHONE – was developed which makes
two-way communication possible.
LIVING IN IT ERA
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
• 1900, BROADCASTING and RECORDED MEDIA were introduced;
RADIO and TELEVISION were used to send sound and video to
homes and offices through electromagnetic spectrum or
radiowaves.
• AUDIO (lower frequency band) and VIDEO (higher frequency band)
content can be received depending on the frequency used.
• As communication devices evolved, photo taken using smart
phones can be shared on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram.
• OLX.ph counterpart of Ebay.com, Lazada, Shoppee, let its users buy
and sell items online. This eliminates the need for going to physical
store.
LIVING IN IT ERA
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS
• TREND - refers to something hip or popular at a certain point of time. It can
be a particular style in fashion, devices or entertainment.
• In an article from Forbes.com, DeMers (2016) identified seven major
trends in 2017.
1. IoT and SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY
- the so called INTERNET OF THINGS has been trending since 2016. The
vision of IoT has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies,
including pervasive wireless communication, data analytics, machine learning
and use of hardware technology such as sensors, mircroprocessors and
microcontrollers. Eg. Controlling home appliances using a mobile phone.
LIVING IN IT ERA
SEVEN MAJOR TRENDS IN 2017
2. AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY
2016, the release of games such as POKEMON GO AND the anticipated VR
headset, OCULUS RIFT, served as a turning point for AR and VR technology.
3. MACHINE LEARNING
Also called ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, having machines decide for you seems
to be a daunting task and would probably make you think of robots and
talking computers, similar to Iron Man’s Jarvis.
LIVING IN IT ERA
• APPLE’S iPHONE X – iOS intelligent personal assistant , SIRI has also been
upgraded with enhanced learning making the use of iPhone more efficient.
LATEST FEATURES INCLUDE:
• FACE ID – owner’s face is the new password. It is a more secure way to
unlock the phone and keep the data safe.
• A11 BIONIC - claimed to be the most powerful and smartest chip ever in a
smartphone with a neural engine capable of up to 600 billion operations
per second. A neural engine, a type of AI enables computers to learn from
observation.
• WIRELESS CHARGING – a cable is not needed to charge the device
• iOS11 - in its latest OS, one cab scan documents in the notes app, edit live
photos and in the US even pay friends in Messages. SIRI can also translate
languages.
• AUGMENTED REALITY – not just designed for fun. It is also meant for
productivity and efficiency. It allows one to navigate without looking at a
map, visualize industrial equipment and many others.
LIVING IN IT ERA
SEVEN MAJOR TRENDS IN 2017
4. AUTOMATION – eg wearable devices such as step counters and heart rate
monitors used by health-conscious individuals. Information collected is
automatically saved and stored in mobile devices for analysis.
5. BIG DATA
- Describes large and complex volumes of data. But it is not how much data
an organization has it is what they do with it that matters. It can be analyzed
for insights which can help management make better decisions and come up
with more effective strategic plans. Eg WAZE uses big data to determine
traffic, direction, and route estimations.
5. EVERYTHING ON DEMAND
- Due to the prevalence of network connectivity, it is possible to
have information on demand. Music, movies, and even drivers (eg
GRAB) are made available through the apps in a smartphone.
LIVING IN IT ERA
IMPACT OF ICT ON INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS & SOCIETY
• ICT brings positive and negative effects. It improves education, access to
information and security.
POSITIVE EFFECTS
1. IMPROVED ACCESS TO EDUCATION – use of LMS (learning management
system) which implements educational enhancements such as distance learning
and online tutorials, virtual reality and interactive multimedia.
2. ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION – new tools such as VoIP
phone, IM (instant messaging), chat (FB messenger, Google Hangouts, Yahoo
Messenger), video chat (skype, FB video) and emails.
3. SECURITY – Examples of security measure on application are (1) use of
encryption methods to keep and protect data from any malicious software (2)
the use of password for personal information protection (3) development of
physical security such as biometrics in a form fingerprint, facial recognition, (iris
(eye) recognition and voice recognition .
LIVING IN IT ERA
IMPACT OF ICT ON INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS & SOCIETY
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
1. REDUCED PERSONAL INTERACTION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY – because of
virtual communication, ironically people are less likely to talk to or meet each
other in person. And because of the comfort of working from home and
entertainment that the internet offers, physical activity is reduced leading to
health issues such as obesity and heart disease.
2. JOB LOSS OR INCREASE IN UNEMPLOYMENT –
• MULTIPLE WORKERS – being replaced and reduced by a smaller number of
employees capable of doing the same volume of tasks.
• SHIPPING OR FREIGHT SERVICES – which a certain amount is added to the
operating costs for the physical process of transporting commodities or goods
3. SECURITY – ICT brings threat to security. Internet connection must always be
safeguarded from different attacks such as data modification, identity/IP address
spoofing, password-based attacks, denial of service.
LIVING IN IT ERA
ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT
• The following are some of the ethical issues in ICT
1. PLAGIARISM – an act of theft in which a person copies another person’s
ideas, words, or writings, etc and pass them off as his or her own. Those
who committed such action may lead to serious legal and ethical
defilements.
2. EXPLOITATION – action in which one deals with a person dishonestly,
unethically, and dishonorably , in order to take advantage of the latter’s
works and /or resources. This lead to unlawful actions.
3. LIBEL – it can either be an insult, slur, or slander. Either written or spoken
or even through actions, it may lead to libel if the accusation is not true
and without any piece of evidence.
• SOFTWARE PIRACY – act of installing or copying a software into the computer in the
absence of an end-user licensing agreement (EULA), and/or producing a copy
disregarding the copyrights.
LIVING IN IT ERA
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