Ins

Inertial Navigation System 2
INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM

LTN-92
SEQUENCE
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS INS
WHERE ARE THEY USED
LITTON-92
SEQUENCE
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
COMPONENTS OF RLG
IN-BUILT MEMORIES
COMPONENTS OF LTN-92

SEQUENCE
FUNCTION KEYS
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
QUESTIONS
PART 1

WHAT IS INS?
• Self-Contained System
• Measures
– Position
– Velocity
– Orientation
– Angular Velocity

HOW DOES IT WORK
• Gyroscopes
– Angular Velocity
• Accelerometers
– Linear Acceleration
• Change in Velocity
• Time

WHERE ARE THEY USED
• Aircraft
• Ships
• Submarines
• Train
• Satellites
• Missiles

LITTON-92
• Leading Ring Laser Gyro
• Military & Commercial Use
• Components
– Ring Laser Gyro
– Accelerometers
– Digital Micro-Processor
– Data Storage

PART 2

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• 06 Degrees Of Freedom
– 03 Rotational Degree
– 03 Linear Degree
• Ring Laser Gyros
• Accelerometer

RING LASER GYRO
GYROS PRODUCE 2 LASER LIGHTS

Same Path Opposite Direction
Detector Compares
Interference Phase Difference
Photodiodes Calculates
Magnitude Direction

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

RING LASER GYRO

ADVANTAGES OF RLG
• No Moving Parts
– No Friction
• High Reliability/ Accuracy
• Extremely Sensitive
• Compact Unit
• Light Weight

ACCELEROMETERS

ACCELEROMETERS
• Measure Linear Acceleration

INS MEMORIES
• Crew Catalog
– Temporary
– Deletion of Memory
– Total 120 Data Items
• Custom Memory
– Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory
– 2005 Data Items
– 100 Custom Routes, 98 Waypoints Each
• Read Only Memory(Permanent)
– Operational Programs
– Solves Navigation Equations

LITTON - 92
INU
CDU LITTON-92 MSU
BATT

INERTIAL NAVIGATION UNIT
• Below floor panel near CG
• Weighs 57 lbs (28 Kg)
• Cooling Fan (92 lbs/hr)
• 115 volts AC, 400 Hz Single

Phase
• 28 V DC Backup

INERTIAL NAVIGATION UNIT

BATTERY UNIT
• Below floor panel near CG
• Back Up DC power Source
• 28 Volts Nickel Cadmium
• Weighs 27 lbs
• 15 to 30 Minutes of Operation

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• Located in Cockpit
• Controls Power To INS
• 01 Mode Selector Switch
• 02 Lights

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• ALIGN Light
– Amber Light
– Alignment In Progress
ALIGN

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
CAUTION
WHEN THIS LIGHT IS “ON”, THE AIRCRAFT MUST
REMAIN STATIONARY TO COMPLETE A NORMAL
ALIGNMENT.

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• BATT
– Red in Color
– Back Up Voltage Insufficient
BATT

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• 05 Positions
– OFF
– STBY
– ALIGN
– NAV
– ATT REF

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• INS Power OFF
• 12 Sec Delay once Shutting Down

– Storing Info

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• STBY/ALIGN
– Turns System ON
– Enter Position And Time
– Automatic Align Sequence Starts
– Display Test May Be Performed

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• NAV
– Navigation Mode selected
– Selected Prior to moving Aircraft

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
NOTE
The mode switch is detent in the NAV position to prevent accidental
INS shut down. To deselect the knob must be pulled away from the
panel and then turned.
NOTE
Do not set the mode switch out of NAV unless aircraft is stopped or
there is an INS Failure.

MODE SELECTOR UNIT
• ATT REF
– Selects Attitude Ref. Mode
– Pitch, Roll and Platform Heading Outputs
– CDU displays Status page

ATT REF……cont
• Selected when
– INS Malfunction Occurs
– INS Goes OFF During Flight
• Fly Straight and Level For 03 Mins

ATT REF…..cont
NOTE
In case we put Mode Selector Switch from Attitude
reference to any mode the System remains in Attitude
mode.
NOTE
If the WRN annunciation does not go out, all system
outputs will remain invalid.

CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT
• Central Console Panel
• Used for
– Entry of data
– Select Flight Plans
– Display Data

ALR ANNUNCIATION
• Comes ON at a PRESET
Value
• Goes Out when Leg

Change has been made
• Flashes in Track Mode
• No Data for next Leg

ALR ANNUNCIATION
• Leg change LESS than 25 DEGREES
– 112 Sec before TO Point
– Leg Change Occurs 22 sec before TO point.
• Leg Change 25 Degrees to 110 Degrees

– Comes ON between 112 to 183 Sec before TO
– Leg Change Occurs between 22 to 93 sec before TO
• Leg Change Greater Than 110

– 90 sec before the TO
– Leg Change Occurs when TO is Reached

ALR ANNUNCIATION
• No Data for Next Waypoint

– 4 Minutes prior to reaching next TO waypoint
– Continues till Data Entered
• Manual Mode
– Comes ON 1.5 to 3.0 minutes before TO
– Flashes once Leg change is to be made
• Will Flash in TRACH HOLD MODE

OFS ANNUNCIATION
• Comes ON in Offset or
parallel mode.

WRN ANNUNCIATION
• Comes ON when system

malfunction Occurs
• Flashes if ALIGN error

occurs
• PPOS Invalid
– Within 01 Degree

BAT ANNUNCIATION
• Comes ON when INS is

operating on 28V back up
power

PART 3

LED MATRIX DISPLAY
• Displays 05 Lines
SYS STS/ TEST
UPDATE
• 16 Characters each line
ALIGN 60
• Top Line is Title Heading TIME 0.4 MIN
CHECK ADC
• 04 Lines Display
Operators Data

CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT

POSITION PAGE
• Aircraft Position
– LAT and LON
– LOC ID
– Range Bearing
• GMT is Displayed
• Position UPDATE with

HLD key

POSITION PAGE

COURSE PAGE
• Track Change Mode

• TO and FROM waypoints
• XTK distance ( 0-999.9 NM)
• DTK desired Track Angle
• Distance and Time
• EXPAND FUNCTION
– Cross Track Offset Mode
– Track Hold Mode
COURSE PAGE

CROSS TRACK MODE
• OFS Light Comes ON
• Max Off set Value is 399.99 NM
• Cross Track Mode Inhabited

– APPROACH Mode is selected
– Track Hold Mode is selected
– Direct To Mode is selected

LEG PAGE
• Shows
LEG CHANGE
– Track LEG NO. FROM 00 TO 01
– DESIGNATORS <P> RN
AUTO SELECTED
– Track leg SWITCHING MODE MANUAL

LEG PAGE

WAYPOINT PAGE
• Waypoint No.
WPT SELECT A
• Alphanumeric Designator 00 <P>
01 RN FROM
• EXP gives 02 INDEK TO
03 LA
– Co-Ordinates
– Distance and Track from

previous waypoint

WAYPOINT PAGE

WAYPOINT PAGE
• ROUTE ENTRY
– Slew Down to Waypoint after which the Route is to be
added
– Press ENT
– Type ‘-R’
– Type in the Route IDENT
– Rest of the way points will be shifted down

WAYPOINT PAGE
• BEARING / RANGE REF POINT

– Enter the IDENT in ‘ AAANNN ‘ form
– Press ENT
– Fill In the Required Field

• IDENT OF REF POINT
• DISTANCE ( 0.1 to 300 NM )
• BEARING

WAYPOINT PAGE
• MISSED APPROACH POINT ENTRY

– Normal waypoint entry
– Type ‘ –MAP’
– Press ENT
– Feed In the Co-ordinates
– Press EXP to use them

WAYPOINT PAGE
• MULTIPLE WAYPOINT DELETION

– Slew down to the waypoint to be Deleted
– Press CLR
– Type “ –D”
– Enter the Last Waypoint no.
– Press ENT

WAYPOINT PAGE
• INSERTING WPT INBETWEEN EXISTING WPTs

– Slew Down to the waypoint that should precede the new
waypoint
– Press ENT
– Type in the new waypoint

FLIGHT PLAN PAGE
• Displays Distance from

present position to each
waypoint
• EXPAND ( 03 Info)
– Time
– ETA
– DBW

DIR TO PAGE
• Leg from present position

to waypoint is Selected

INSTRUMENT DATA PAGE
• Displays
– HEADING, TRACK, GROUND
SPEED,
– WIND DIRECTION, WIND

SPEED, DRIFT ANGLE, TAS
• EXP Data
– Wind Data

CATALOG PAGE
• Following Pages are

available
– Routes
– Crew
– Custom
– LOC Stations
– Standard

CATALOG PAGE
• ROUTES
– List of Routes in Custom Memory
• CREW
– All custom waypoints, airports and stations are stored.
NOTE
Ref Points and Missed Approach points cannot be stored in

Custom catalog.

CATALOG PAGE
• LOC STA CATALOG
– This catalog consists of LOCAL NAV-aid stations.

Closest 20 VOR/DME, TACAN, and VORTAC stations
within 200NM.

REMOTE PAGE
• Provides 03 Functions
– Remote Function
– Master Cross Fill
– Slave Cross Fill

STATUS / TEST PAGE
• Displays
SYS STS/ TEST
– INS Status UPDATE
– Time In That Mode
ALIGN 60
– Action/ Malfunction Codes TIME 0.4 MIN
CHECK ADC
• Slew Up
– Rapid Realign
– Display Test
– Accuracy Test
– Data Base ( Date )

TEST PAGE

SEARCH MODE
• Entered on Ground and in

Air
• Activated in NAV mode
• Options
– 04 Search Patterns
– TANK RENDEZVOUS

SEARCH MODE

SEARCH MODE
• Patterns
– Orbit
– Ladder
– Square
– Sector
• Search mode ON “S”

CARP MODE
• Function Selections
– Entry of CARP geometry Data.
– Entry of CARP ballistic Data
– Display of the CARP solution
– Activation of CARP Mode
– Clearing of CARP Mode
• “C” on Top Left

QUESTIONS
84

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WHERE ARE THEY USED

Inertial Navigation System 5

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Inertial Navigation System 8

Inertial Navigation System 9

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• Leading Ring Laser Gyro

• Military & Commercial Use

Inertial Navigation System 11

Inertial Navigation System 12

• Ring Laser Gyros

Inertial Navigation System 13

GYROS PRODUCE 2 LASER LIGHTS

Inertial Navigation System 14

Inertial Navigation System 15

Inertial Navigation System 16

Inertial Navigation System 17

Inertial Navigation System 18

Inertial Navigation System 19

Inertial Navigation System 20

Inertial Navigation System 21

Inertial Navigation System 22

• High Reliability/ Accuracy

Inertial Navigation System 23

Inertial Navigation System 24

• Measure Linear Acceleration

Inertial Navigation System 25

Inertial Navigation System 26

CDU LITTON-92 MSU

Inertial Navigation System 27

• Below floor panel near CG

• Weighs 57 lbs (28 Kg)

• Cooling Fan (92 lbs/hr)

• 115 volts AC, 400 Hz Single

Inertial Navigation System 28

Inertial Navigation System 29

• Below floor panel near CG

• Back Up DC power Source

• 28 Volts Nickel Cadmium

Inertial Navigation System 30

• Controls Power To INS

• 01 Mode Selector Switch

Inertial Navigation System 31

Inertial Navigation System 32

Inertial Navigation System 33

– Back Up Voltage Insufficient

Inertial Navigation System 34

Inertial Navigation System 35

• INS Power OFF

• 12 Sec Delay once Shutting Down

Inertial Navigation System 36

Inertial Navigation System 37

– Selected Prior to moving Aircraft

Inertial Navigation System 38

Inertial Navigation System 39

Inertial Navigation System 40

– INS Goes OFF During Flight

• Fly Straight and Level For 03 Mins

Inertial Navigation System 41

Inertial Navigation System 42

• Central Console Panel

– Select Flight Plans