Summer

Summer Training
Training
on
on
 History of BSNL
• Bharat sanchar Nigam Ltd. Formed in
Oct 2000 is World’s largest
Telecommunication Company providing
comprehensive range of telecom
services in India : Wire line ,GSM
mobile, Internet, Broadband etc.
 WHAT IS GSM

• GLOBAL SYSTEM OF MOBILE

(GSM) IS A SECOND GENERATION
CELLULAR STANDARED
DEVELOPEDTO CATER VOICE
SERVICES AND DATA DELIVERY
USING DIGITAL MODULATION
 GSM 900
GSM-900

Uplink band 890-915MHZ

Downlink band 935-960MHZ
Channelspacing 200KHZ
Total#channel 124
Duplex spacing 45MHZ

#time slot 8
 Techniques used in GSM
• In the GSM system , TDMA in combination with
FDMA is used; the usage of each radio channel is
partitioned into multiple (eight) timeslots , and
each user is assigned a specific frequency
/timeslot combination . Thus , only a single mobile
is using a given frequency/ timeslot combination
at any particular time .
 GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

MS BTS BSC MSC

HLR
VLR

EIR

AUC
SMS

OMC
 Network Element
MSC- Mobile – services Switching Center
It perform the switching function for all mobile stations
located in the geographic area covered by its assigned
BSSs.
It also interface with the public switched telephone network
(PSTN) as well as with other MSCs and also with HLR .
• Acting as a gateway MSC to interrogate the HLR.

MS(Mobile station)
-Mobile station is made of two entities-
1- ME (Mobile equipment)is a piece of hardware that
customer purchase from dealer.
2- SIM(Subscriber identity module that is a smart card.
 Mobile equipment(ME)
• Portable and hand held devices
• Uniquely identify by an
IMEI(International mobile equipment
identity.
• Voice and data transmission
SIM(Subscriber Identity
Module)
• Smart card contain the international
mobile subscriber identity
module(IMSI)
• Allow user to send and receive calls
and received other subscribed
services.
• Protected by password or PIN.
 BSS(Base Station
Subsystem)

• BSS is composed of two part that

communicate across the standardized
Abis interface allowing operation
between component made by
different suppliers
• Base tranceiver station(BTS)
• Base station controller(BSC)
 BTS(Base Tranceiver
Station)
• BTS has a set of transceivers to communicate with mobiles
in its area.
• One BTS covers one or more than one cell
• The capacity of a cell depends upon number of tranceivers
in a cell.
• The BTS is connected to BSC through Abis interface .
• BTS transmit and receive voice at 13 kbps over air
interface to the mobile .
• BTS control the transmit power and commanding handovers
to the mobile stations.
 BSC (Base Station
Controller )
• Several BTS are connected to 1BSC.
• BSC connected to each BTS on an Abis
interface and to the MSC on A interface .
• BSC control various functions of BTS and
mobile ,like assigning a channel for
call,handover etc.
 EIR(Equipment Identity
Register)
• EIR is the record of valid IMEIs.
• MSC ask mobile to send its IMEIs.
• MSC then checks the vailidity of IMEI with the EIR.
• All IMEI are store in EIR.
• In the EIR , the IMEI are classified into three categories.
• White list:this contians the IMEI of type approved mobiles.
• Blacklist: list of IMEI which should barred because either
they are stolen are not functioning proprely.
• Greylist: list of IMEI who are to evaluated before they are
put in blacklist.
 AUC(Authentication
centre )
• Authentification is a process by which is
SIM is verified.
• Secret data and the verification process
alogorithm are stored atAUC.
• AUC is associated with the HLR
 HLR( Home Location
Register)
• HLR has all permanent subscriber
database.
• MSC communicates with HLR to get data
for subscribers on call .
 VLR(Visting location
Register )
• VLR has temporary data pertaining to
each subscriber .(TMSI) Temporary
mobile subscriber identity.
• Location area where the mobile
station is registered.
• Copy of the subscriber data from the
HLR
 OMC(Operation &
Maintenance Centre)
• OMC is the centralized maintenance
and diagnostic heart of the BSS .
• It allows the network provider to
operate , administer , and monitor
the functioning of the BSS.
 SMSC(Short Message
service Centre
• Message is send to a particular
mobile .
• Message transfer takes place
through SMSC.
 Call Management
Request for service

MS MSC
BSS
/VLR

RACH channel Request

1.

SDCCH Assigh ACCH

2.

. 3. Request for service SDCCH

 Equipment Validation

MS BSS
MSC/VLR
EIR
NEW

IMEI request
4.

IMEI Answer

5. IMEI Check

6.

7.
IMEI Check request
 Call Set Up
MSC/VLR
MS BSS
New

Call set up request

8.

Call processing SDCCH

9.

10. Assign trunk & radio

TCH assign
11.
RR assigment
completed
12.
RT assign
completed
13.
 CALL SET UP

MSC/VL
MS BSS PSTN
R New

14. Network set up

15.
Network alerting
Alerting
16. (FACCH)
17. Connect billing start
connect
18.

19. connect ack.

 CALL SET UP
MS MSC/VL
BSS PSTN
R New

Disconnect
20.
Stop billing Network release
21.
Release
22.

23. Release complete

24. Clear
Channel
25. release
clear complete
26.
Location Updation
 GSM services
• Tele-services
• Bearer or data services
• Supplementry services
 Tele-services
• Telecommunication services that
enable voice communication via mobile
phone.
• Offered services
- Emergency call
- Short message services(SMS).
 Bearer services

• Include various data services for information

transfer between GSM and other network like
PSTN, ISDN etc at rate from 300to 9600 bps.
• Short message services(SMS)
- upto 160 charater alphanumeric data transmission
to/from the mobile terminal.
- fax
- Voice mail box
- Electronic mail
 Supplementry services
 Call related services:

• Call waiting: Notification of incoming call while MS is

engaged in an active.

• Call hold: put a caller on hold to take another call.

• Call forwarding : calls can be send to various number

defined by the user.

• Multi party call conferencing: link multiple calls together.

THANKS!!!!!!!!!!!