COMBINED GAS

LAW
 Combined Gas Law
▪ You have learned that both temperature and pressure
affect the volumes of gases.
▪ For convenience in the application of gas laws, it is
necessary to choose a standard temperature as reference
points.
▪ By international agreement, the standard temperature and
pressure (STP) are 0℃ (273 K) and 1 atm, respectively.
▪ These are the conditions under which the volume of a gas
is measured in the laboratory.
▪ Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Gay Lussac’s laws can be combined
into a single equation called the combined gas law.
When we put Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-
Lussac's law together, we come up with the combined
gas law, which shows that:

• Pressure is inversely proportional to volume, or higher volume

equals lower pressure.

• Pressure is directly proportional to temperature, or higher

temperature equals higher pressure.

• Volume is directly proportional to temperature, or higher

temperature equals higher volume.
 The Combined Gas Law Formula:

P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2
 Unit Relationship to 1 atm of Pressure

Atmosphere (atm) 1 atm

Millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) 760 mm Hg

torr 760 torr

Inch of mercury (in Hg) 29.9 in Hg

Pound per square (psi, lb/𝑖𝑛2 ) 14.7 psi

Newton per square meter (N/𝑚2 ) 101 325 N/𝑚2

Pascal (pa) 101 325 pa

Millibar (mb) 1013.25 mb

Example A

A gas has a volume of 800 mL at -23℃ and

300 torr. What would the volume of the gas be at
227℃ and 600 torr of pressure?
Solution:
1. Set up all the problem values in a solution matrix:

𝐏𝟐 = 600 torr
𝐏𝟏 = 300 torr
𝐕𝟐 = x
𝐕𝟏 = 800 mL
𝐓𝟐 = 500 K
𝐓𝟏 = 250 K

2. The combined gas law is rearranged to isolate 𝑉2 .

P1 V1 T1
𝐕𝟐 =
P2 T1
3. Values are inserted into the proper places.
(300 torr)(800 mL)(500 K)
𝐕𝟐 =
(250 K)(600 torr)

𝐕𝟐 = 800 mL
Example B

500 L of a gas in a flexible-walled container

are prepared at 700 mmHg and 200℃ . The gas is
placed into a tank under high pressure. When the
tank cools to 20 ℃, the pressure of the gas is
30 atm. What is the volume of the gas?
1. The combined gas law is rearranged to isolate 𝑉2 .

𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2
𝑉2 =
𝑇1 𝑃2
2. Values are inserted into the proper places:

0.92105 500 293

𝑉2 =
473 30
𝑉2 = 9.51 𝐿

Note the use of square brackets to communicate the correct order of

operations.

Note that the problem provides different pressure units for the
starting and ending values. We used 700/760 to convert from mmHg
to atm.
Example C

A balloon of air now occupies 10.0 L at 25.0℃

and 1.00 atm. What temperature was it initially, if
it occupied 9.40 L and was in a freezer with a
pressure of 0.939 atm?
Solution:

1) Assign values as follows:

P1 = 0.939 atm P2 = 1.00 atm
V1 = 9.40 L V2 = 10.0 L
T1 = x T2 = 298 K

2) Let's rearrange the combined gas law equation for T1:

P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2
𝑇1 =
𝑃2 𝑉2
3) Put values in and solve:

(0.939 atm) (9.40 L) (298 K)

T1 =
(1.00 atm) (10.0 L)
T1 = 263 K

The form of the final temperature was not specified, but it is

usually given in Celsius, so:
𝑻𝟏 = −𝟏𝟎℃
Example D

At conditions of 785.0 torr of pressure and 15.0 °C

temperature, a gas occupies a volume of 45.5 mL. What will be
the volume of the same gas at 745.0 torr and 30.0 °C?
Solution:

V2 = [(785 mmHg) (45.5 mL) (303 K)] / [(288 K) (745 mmHg)]

V2 = 50.3757 mL

To three sig figs, the answer is 50.4 mL

Example E

450 mL of a gas occupies a container that has a

temperature of 28 ℃ and a pressure of 788 mmHg.
What is the temperature if the volume is reduced to 50
mL at 760 mmHg?
Given:
V1 = 450 mL
T1 = 28℃
P1 = 788 mmHg
V2 = 50 mL
P2 = 760 mmHg
Find:
T2
Solution:

1. Convert temperature to kelvin

𝑇1 = 28℃ + 273 𝐾 = 301 K

2. Substitute combined gas law formula:

P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2
(788 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔)(450 𝑚𝐿) (760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔)(50 𝑚𝐿)
=
(301 𝐾) 𝑇2
38000
1178.07309 =
𝑇2
38000
𝑇2 =
1178.07309
𝑇2 = 32.26 𝐾
That’s all.
Get ½ sheet of paper!
QUIZ
1. Helium in a 100 mL container at a pressure of 66.6
torr is transferred to a container with a volume of 250
mL. What is the new pressure if no change in
temperature occurs? What is the new pressure if the
temperature changes from 20oC to 15oC?

2. 450 mL of a gas occupies a container that has a

temperature of 28°C and a pressure of 788 mmHg.
What is the temperature if the volume is reduced to
50 mL at 760 mmHg?
 GROUP 2
Members:
Acebuche, Raiza Ann B.
Bergoro, Renee Razcae P.
Guillermo, Sophia Cecilia Marie G.
Lozano, Myths P.
Mejos, Christine P.
Pinca, Dave Lorenz A.