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Climate Change

How much Carbon Footprint Do I make?


Trends Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century
Mother Earth has a high fever. How do
we help in decreasing her high fever?
This chapter will present the
crisis which planet Earth has.
The lesson include climate
change, global warming and how
carbon footprint is made.
It will present as well how to
address the crisis by adapting and
mitigating.
What is Climate?
CLIMATE
Climate is a measure of the average
pattern of variation in temperature,
humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind,
precipitation, atmospheric particle
count and other meteorological
variables in a given region over long
periods of time.
Climate is different than weather, in that
weather only describes the short-term conditions
of these variables in a given region.
•A region's climate is generated by the
climate system, which has five components:
atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land
surface, and biosphere.
•The climate of a location is affected by its
latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as
nearby water bodies and their currents.
Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates.
Since direct observations of climate are not available
before the 19th century, paleo- climates are inferred
from proxy variables that include non-biotic evidence
such as sediments found in lake beds and ice cores, and
biotic evidence such as tree rings and coral.
Climate models are mathematical models of past,
present and future climates.
Climate change may occur over long and short
timescales from a variety of factors; recent warming is
discussed in global warming.
Climate (from Ancient Greek klima, meaning
inclination) is commonly defined as the weather
averaged over a long period.
The standard averaging period is 30 years, but
other periods may be used depending on the
purpose.
Climate also includes statistics other than the
average, such as the magnitudes of day-to-day
or year-to-year variations.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) glossary definition is as follows:
 Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather,"
or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean
and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months
to thousands or millions of years.
 The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO). These quantities are most often surface variables
such as temperature, precipitation, and wind.
 Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description,
of the climate system.
 The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by
the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you
get.“
 Over historical time spans there are a number
of nearly constant variables that determine
climate, including latitude, altitude, proportion of
land to water, and proximity to oceans and
mountains. These change only over periods of
millions of years due to processes such as plate
tectonics.
 Other climate determinants are more dynamic:
the thermohaline circulation of the ocean leads to
a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic
Ocean compared to other ocean basins.
Types Of Climate
•TROPICAL CLIMATE
A tropical climate is a climate of the tropics. In
the Köppen climate classification it is a non-arid
climate in which all twelve months have mean
temperatures of at least 18 °C (64 °F).
Unlike the extra-tropics, where there are strong
variations in day length and temperature, with
season, tropical temperature remains relatively
constant throughout the year and seasonal
variations are dominated by precipitation.
Types Of Climate
•TEMPERATE CLIMATE
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie
between the tropics and the polar regions.
The changes in these regions between summer and
winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme
hot or cold.
However, in certain areas, such as Asia and central North
America, the variations between summer and winter can be
extreme because these areas are far away from the sea,
causing them to have a continental climate. In regions
traditionally considered tropical, localities at high altitudes
(e.g. parts of the Andes) may have a temperate climate.
Types Of Climate
•POLAR CLIMATE
Regions with a polar climate are characterized by a
lack of warm summers.
Every month in a polar climate has an average
temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F).
Regions with polar climate cover over 20% of the
Earth. The sun shines 24 hours in the summer, and barely
ever shines at all in the winter (see midnight sun and
polar night). Polar climate results in treeless tundra,
glaciers, or a permanent or semi-permanent layer of ice.
MAIN IDEAS:
Climate Change is one big world
problem.
The 21 century world faces many
st

challenges due to climate change.


Humanity can embark on the
combined adaptation and mitigation.
What is Climate Change?
The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration(NASA) defines CLIMATE CHANGE
as a term encompassing a broad range of
changes happening to our planet, such as global
warming, rising sea level, shrinking mountain
glaciers, accelerating ice melts and shifts in the
blooming and harvest times of flowers and
plants among many others.
What is Climate Change?
Climate change roots from global
warming, which in turn is caused mainly by
the burning fossil fuels, resulting in the
release of heat- trapping gasses in to the air.
Just like a greenhouse, these gasses get
trapped into the earth surface, thereby
earning the name “greenhouse gasses’.
CLIMATE CHANGE
The world is groaning. Humanity is in
danger due to the global warming. Global
connection is greatly responsible for its
devastation. Also, global connection is
potentially accountable for Earth’s
restoration. Adaptation and mitigation can
be learned collectively.
Is Climate Change Natural or Induced?
 There is a divide among scientist and experts on whether or not
climate change is a normal phenomenon or an induced
phenomenon caused by human action. Those who argue that it be
natural to refer to the time lag that happens in the earth’s
atmosphere when it traps gasses-that takes centuries for a planet
to respond.
 Meanwhile those who argue that climate change be caused by
humans refer to the emissions released by fossil fuels such ass oil
and natural gas. These emission come from human action from
the industries, factories, cart etc.
 Whether natural or man-made, climate change is upon us. The
most apparent effect that we can see today is the rise of sea-
levels, which serves as an existential threat to many low-lying
areas in the world. The Philippine is also vulnerable to this.
Six Ways Climate Change
Will Affect Philippine Cities
Scientist say human activities are largely
responsible for the continued increase in average
global temperatures, which causes climate
change.
Global greenhouse gases emitted by the
fossil fuels industry(which give us electricity and
fuels our cars) trap heat in the earth atmosphere
thus warming the entire planet.
Six Ways Climate Change Will Affect PH Cities
1. More Intense El Nino
The El Nino phenomenon occurs when the surface of ocean
waters in the southern Pacific becomes abnormally warm. The
energy created by this warming is so great that it can create an
imbalance in the weather in different parts of the world. In
Southeast Asia, it can lead to abnormally dry conditions.
El Nino can also make other weather events like storms
highly unpredictable. Weather will have extreme high and lows,
making it “increasingly difficult to accurately predict weather
patterns for purposes of planning and normal business
operations”.
Six Ways Climate Change Will Affect PH Cities
2. Sea surface temperature to rise
By the end of the century, sea surface temperatures
are expected to rise by 1 to 4 degrees Celsius. This can
lead to more powerful storm because storm get their
strength from heat rising from the sea.
In the Philippines 4 and 5 degrees Celsius spike
above the normal sea surface temperature have been
recorded. Warmer seas kill coral reefs and can thus lead
to a decline in fish catch, putting food security in danger.
Six Ways Climate Change Will Affect PH Cities
3. Ocean Acidification
The shift in the pHlevels of our oceans can
lead to widespread coral reef death. Because of
the imbalance, shrimp are not able to develop
skins, oysters cannot develop shells. Fish larvae
may not be able to develop bones. This further
endangers food security and the livelihood of
fishermen.
Six Ways Climate Change Will Affect PH Cities
4. Sea level to rise by 4 to 6 meters
Current data show an increase in sea surface
heights. Scientist say this is due to the melting of
ice sheets in the northern portion of the globe
like America and Greenland. Sea level rise by 4 to
6 meters can submerge low lying communities
like Tacloban City which stands only 3 meter
above sea level.
Six Ways Climate Change Will Affect PH Cities

5. Tropical cyclones to intensify


The creation of tropical cyclones is already
being recorded in areas where the
Phenomenon had never been observed. On
Nov. 8, 2013, Super Typhoon Yolanda said to
be the strongest storm recorded in the history.
Devastated cities in the Visayas.
Six Ways Climate Change Will Affect PH Cities
6. Rinfall, river flow and flooding to intensify
Monsoon rainfall in the Philippines will reach new highs and
lows. Some parts of the country will experience an upward trend in
rainfall while other parts will experience an intensification of
drought. Those two extreme poles of weather will make it more
difficult for agriculture sector which are highly dependent on
weather.
Philippine cities are already experiencing unpreceeded
amounts of rainfall. In Tacloban City, rainfall increaded by 25%
ffrom 1998 to 2011. More rainfall will lead to more flooding and
can trigger landslides in upland communities
LESSON 2: CARBON FOOTPRINT
Every move we make in every
minute leaves a carbon footprint. Each
carbon footprint contributes to the
torrential rains and blizzard. Each day
creates a multiple of footprints.
Are you aware how much carbon
footprints do you leave each day?
TERMS TO DEFINE:
•Carbon Footprint
•Torrential Rain
•Blizzard
MAIN IDEAS:
•Each individual leaves a carbon footprint
every minute.
•The global connections of socio-
economic and political dimensions have
contributed much in the production and
consumption of carbon.
What is Carbon Footprint?
Your carbon footprint measures the impact
your activities have on the environment
determined by the amount of greenhouse gases
produced through burning fossil fuels,
electricity, heating and transportation. The
average US household has a carbon footprint of
16,008 pound per year.
How is a Carbon Footprint Calculated?
• Your carbon footprint is made up of two parts: primary and
secondary footprints.
• Your primary footprint is a measure of direct emissions from
burning fossil fuels. This includes your home gas, oil and coal
use, home electricity, private transportation, public transport,
flights and food and drink
• Your secondary footprint includes your share of public
services, financial services, recreation and leisure, house
building and furnishing, car manufacture and delivery and
clothes and personal effects.
Several factors affect your footprints: the
number of people in your household, what
kind of heat you use in your home, miles
driven per year and fuel efficiency of your
automobile, number and duration of flights,
you average monthly electric, gas and fuel
bills and recycling habits.
Carbon emission from your home is directly
correlated to everyday energy consumption.
One way to reduce your carbon footprint is
to improve energy efficiency:
•Inside your home
•At your Office
•For your meetings
INSIDE YOUR HOME:
• When appliances are not use, turn them off and unplug them. Even
small appliances like cellphone chargers waste energy when plugged in
all day. It is called GHOSTELECTRICITY.
• Take shorter, cooler showers and turn off the tap when brushing your
teeth.
• Recycle everything you can.
• Replace incandescent light bulbs with CFL low energy bulbs, which use
just 20% of the energy of a normal light bulb and last 15 times longer.
• When replacing older appliances, always option for appliances that use
less power and receive a good energy rating.
AT YOUR OFFICE
• Only print as many copies as absolutely needed. Instead of having each
employee have their own files, create a central filing system to avoid
having to make many copies of the same documents.
• Use smaller fonts when printing internal documents to save paper and
ink.
• Recycle everything, including ink cartridges and toner. Ask local
suppliers if they can deliver supplies in reusable bins rather bins rather
than cardboard boxes.
• Turn off and unplug equipment when not in use.
• Telecommute whenever possible, but make a commitment to do it at
least one day per week.
For your meetings:
• Ask your caterer for biodegradable tableware(
plates, cup, utensils etc.) or use china and metal
silverware.
• Monitor meeting room temperature. Turn the heat
down a few degrees in winter and up a few degrees
in summer and encourage attendee to dress in
layers.
• Provide materials that are ecofriendly: recyclables,
printed on recycled paper or go paperless altogether.
Addressing Climate Change Impact
Preventing dangerous human interference with
the climate system is the ultimate aim of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC).
The Philippines has committed to reduce its
carbon emissions by 70 percent by 2030 while
maintaining a “business as usual scenario” from 2000
to 2030. The carbon dioxide reductions will come from
the sectors of energy, transport, waste, forestry and
industry.

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