Writing in the Discipline

The growing army of the homeless continue to clutter

Philippine cities in spite of demolitions of shanties and
repeated warnings from the government. And these
squatters fight tooth and nail in order to survive. As with
Egypt’s fellahins and Calcutta’s bustees, the same fight is
being waged against hunger, disease and ignorance every
single day of the year. Indeed in the slums of the 3rd
world as in the Ghettos in the United States of America
and France, a daily battle for the pitifully simple but basic
necessities of life goes on. In Mexico’s El Troche, for
example, life dehumanizes its unfortunate peasant
migrants called paracaidistas (paratroopers). El Troche’s
inhabitant crowd into dingy, single-room, windowless
shacks called jacales for the night, use undergrowths of
trees for toilets, and their front doorsteps for garbage,
where pigs wait to gobble them up. Even affluent France
has her share of homelessness and poverty – the poorest
of her poor sleeping under cardboard sheeting, or hips of
rags, alleyways, empty warehouses and construction sites.

8. What method of development does the paragraph

follow?
a. Inductive c. inductive-deductive
b. deductive d. deductive-inductive e. hinted
 There are many kinds of movie “pests”. There are
the story tellers who have developed the habit of
seeing the movie in two sittings so that they can
inform the latecomers what happens next. There are
the nutcrackers who have to munch something-
peanuts, walnuts, popcorn, or anything else that can
spoil one’s fun. There are the mimics who are
Tarzans one minute, Madonnas the next, and the
Incredible Hulks later. There are the mother hens
who are accompanied by a squadron of “retazos” or
“chikitings” whose noise can drive one crazy. And
lastly, there are the wandering Jews who can’t make
up their minds where to sit and can’t stay put in one
place!

9. What method of development does the paragraph

follow?
a. Inductive c. inductive-deductive
b. deductive d. deductive-inductive e. hinted
 The typical Filipino is short, brown, flat-nosed.
He cannot live without his rice but he isn’t allergic to
bread, arroz a la valenciana, pancit, and spaghetti.
He educates his youth in foreign languages;
furnishes his home with G.E., Hoover, RCA; apes the
latest fashion from New York and Paris; argues in
world for a in almost flawless English. His Zalameda
is almost a Parisiene by now, and his Villa has found
his home in America. Indeed, the Filipino maybe
Oriental in looks but Occidental in more ways than
one.

10. What method of development does the paragraph

follow?
a. Inductive c. inductive-deductive
b. deductive d. deductive-inductive e. hinted
 I sank into the first chair at the entrance hall
proffered to me by an unsmiling guard. I waited as he
checked his list of expected visitors, after which he
pressed a button in front of his desk and a voice came
through. They talked in whispers. I was asked to present
my I.D., and the guard looked me over, looked at my I.D.
and he smiled this time. He motioned me to enter but
not until I surrendered my I.D. to him, and in return he
gave me a Visitor’s I.I. to wear instead. The same ritual
took place at the entrance to the building itself; but this
time another guard asked me to open my bag for
inspection. I was asked to walk through an X-ray type of
gadget; and since no sound came through, I was finally
given the nod to enter. “So this is Malacanang Social
Hall”, I muttered to myself, as I joined the others already
seated in immaculate white covered chairs.

11. What method of development does the paragraph follow?

a. Inductive c. inductive-deductive
b. deductive d. deductive-inductive e. hinted
 Flowers occupy a very important role in man’s life. He
beautifies his home with the loveliest daisies, welcomes a
visitor with the sweetest leis, conveys his congratulations
with sprays of orchids. he gladdens his sick friends with the
daintiest carnations, offers his prayers with the purest lilies,
says “remember me” with the most fragile pansies. when
man is dumb with emotions, flowers speak out what his lips
cannot. poets find inspiration in dancing daffodils; painters
capture the beauty of a woodland orchid with their brushes;
composers immortalize the roses, gardenias, and
sampaguitas in their songs. The story of love is in every
petal of a forget-me-not, and the fairness of a maiden is in
every violet almost hidden from the eye. Indeed, man is
born and welcomed in to this world with bouquets of
flowers; to commemorate his birthday with the fragrant
nosegay, says “I love you” with a red, red rose, marries with
orange blossoms scenting the air, and finally dies with the
wreath of flowers in his grave!

12. What method of development does the paragraph

follow?
a. Inductive c. inductive-deductive
b. deductive d. deductive-inductive e. hinted
Following the structure of an EXPOSITORY
text, arrange the following sentences in order.

___ A. In a democracy the individual is given

importance so he possesses rights in
accordance with the laws of the land.
___ B. These opposing forces keep the balance of
power and the world at its feet. Each force wants to
protect its ideology and principles..
___ C. Basically, democracy and communism are two
opposing forces which make the world drama
exciting.
___ D. On the other hand, individuality is lost in a
communist society because the state controls
everything
___ A. To them brutal killings, palakasan, bribery
and shady business deals, fraudulent and vote-
buying during elections were the way of life.
___ B. The traditional Filipino values which were
totally erased should be restored with emphasis on a
sense of responsibility and result-effort for genuine
dialogue for justice.
___ C. Rebuilding Philippine society is erasing the
wrong values from these young Filipinos.
___ D. Martial Law babies were exposed to wrong
sense of values.
___ E. Cronyism and nepotism dominated the
societal values they inherited from the past.
 EXAMPLES:
Misplaced Prepositional Phrase:
A man leaped into the water over
the ship’s rail.
Corrected Sentence:
A man leaped over the ship’s rail
into the water.
CORRECTING DANGLING MODIFIERS

DANGLING ADVERB CLAUSE:

When he was three years old, Jerry’s uncle entered
medical school.

CORRECTED SENTENCES:
When Jerry was three years old, his uncle entered
medical school.
Misplaced Modifier:
Armed with high-caliber guns,
the bank was robbed by unknown
suspects.
Corrected Sentence:
Unknown suspects, armed with
high-caliber guns, robbed the bank.
 Recognizing the Correct Use of
Parallelism
Parallelism is defined as the placement
of equal idea in words, phrases, or
clauses of similar types. It aids the flow of
a sentence and emphasizes the
relationship of the ideas in the parallel
elements.
 FAULTY PARALLELISM:
The waiter suggested lamb
chops, green beans, and that we
try the sweet potatoes.
CORRECTED SENTENCE:
The waiter suggested lamb
chops, green beans, and
sweet potatoes.
 NOUN and GERUND PHRASE
Strength, agility and carefully
concentrating make a successful
wrestler.
NOUN PHRASE
Strength, agility and
concentration makes a
successful wrestler.
PREP PHRASE and IND. CLAUSE
The mouse ran across the floor, under
the table, and its hole was the last stop .

PREP PHRASE
The mouse ran across
the floor, under the
table, and into its hole.
A.FRAGMENTS
1. Dependent Clause Fragments
Buying groceries for the whole
month saves time and energy.
Because you do not need to go to
the market from time to time.
 Correct a dependent clause
FRAGMENT by attaching it to the
sentence that comes after it or the
sentence that comes before it.

Buying groceries for the whole

month saves time and energy
because you do not need to go to
the market from time to time.
 Correct a dependent clause
FRAGMENT by attaching it to the
sentence that comes after it or the
sentence that comes before it.

Because you do not need to go to

the market from time to time,
buying groceries for the whole
month saves time and energy.
2. Participial Phrase Fragments

Oliver jumps every New Year

season. Believing that he will
become taller.
3. Infinitive Phrase Fragments

Jacob went to his grandmother’s

house last week. To check if she
is recovering from the accident.
4. Afterthought Fragments

Freckles can do a lot of tricks.

Such as flushing the toilet,
throwing the trash in a garbage
bin, and walking on two legs.
5. Appositives

Jeremy boasted his newest

cellphone last night. A very
thin silver-colored camera
phone with 20 GB capacity
and a 4-megapixel lens.
 ERRORS IN MECHANICS
A.CAPITALIZATION
Uses of Capital Letters
1. first person singular pronoun “I”
2. the first word of:
a. Every sentence
b. A quoted sentence
c. An outline
3. titles that precede names

4. first letter of the title of a

composition and all the important
words in it except for prepositions,
conjunctions and articles

5. nationalities, languages, ethnic

groups, and races
6. names of God, religions, and their
followers, holy books, and holy days
7. specific places and geographic
areas
8. specific structures such as buildings,
bridges, roads, dams, monuments,
and parks
9. specific times, like days of the week,
months of the year and holidays
10. historical events, periods, and
documents
11. names of organizations,
companies, schools, sports
teams, etc.
12. titles of school courses
13. trademark names
14. names of ships, airplanes, and
trains
15. salutations and complimentary
close in letters
16. proper adjectives—those that are
formed from proper nouns
17. abbreviations which stand for the
first letter of a word
 Practice
Korea the french,
1. On their job site in korea, French
swiss,
Swiss and chinese
Chinese coworkers used
English to communicate.

2. Dr. Reyes of the business

Businessdepartment
Department
is offering a new course called
introduction
Introductionto
to word processing.
Word Processing
 Practice

3. In an injured tone, Mary demanded,

“why
Why wasn’t Uncle
uncle Lou invited to
the party?

4. Celebrities have earned big money by

endorsing products, including canon
Canon
cameras, ariel
Ariel detergent, rejoice
Rejoice
shampoo.
 Practice

5. When Bill Clinton was a boy in

arkansas,
Arkansas he was photographed
shaking hands with president
President
John F. Kennedy.
B. PUNCTUATIONS
PERIOD (.)
 end of a declarative (statements) and
imperative sentence (commands)
 as a decimal point in numbers
 after an abbreviated personal title
and after some abbreviations that
are written in small letters or end
with a small letter
 enclosed inside the quotation marks
QUESTION MARK (?)
 after direct questions, tag
questions, and polite requests
 in a series of questions even if
they are not complete sentences
 enclosed in parentheses after a
doubtful detail
EXCLAMATION POINT (!)
 in literary pieces
 enclosed within the quotation
marks if the sentence ends with
a quoted exclamatory sentence
COMMA (,)
 before coordinating conjunctions that
join independent clauses in a compound
sentence
 after introducers
 around a modifier that provides “extra-
information”
 to separate transitional signals from the
independent clause that it belongs
 to separate a direct quotation from the
rest of the sentence
COMMA (,)
 to separate items in a series (words,
phrases, or clauses)
 other functions
Names
Titles
Names of place and addresses
Dates
Numbers
Nouns of direct address
Yes, no, and, mild interjections (oh and well)
Tag questions
Salutations and complimentary close
SEMICOLON (;)
 to separate independent clauses
 to make a clearer separation
between items in a series,
especially those that have been
separated by a comma
COLON (:)
 end of an independent clause and
is followed by the items in a series
 before an appositive—a noun or
noun phrase that describes
another noun or noun phrase—
and before a direct quotation
 before a subtitle, to give time and
after business letter salutations
APOSTROPHE (‘)
 Possession with nouns
 Possession with pronouns
 Contractions and years
QUOTATION MARK (“)
 to present a direct quotation
 to emphasize the titles of newspaper
and magazine articles, short stories,
poems, books, songs, movies,
television programs among others
 to emphasize an unusual word—
especially those with ironic or
sarcastic meanings—or foreign words
DASHES ( --- ) and HYPHENS ( - )
 Hyphens are usually used to indicate ranges
or connections between two things.
 Dashes
 function as a substitute for the
parentheses or commas
 presents an additional idea that the
writer wishes to include in between the
train of thought in the sentence
 for emphasis, around appositives
containing commas, and before dramatic
shifts
 Practice

The sagging sofas

sofa’ stuffing was coming
s
out in several places, and one of the
chairs
chair’s legs was broken.

Greg couldnt
couldn’t remember whether he had
left his wallet in his cars
car’ compartment or
at home. s
 Practice

The psychology class read a short story

called Silent
“SilentSnow, SecretSnow,”
Snow, Secret Snow, about a
young boy who creates his own fantasy
world.

I’m against grade school students’

“I’
m
using pocket calculators, said “I
calculators,” Fred,
spentI
spent three years learning long division,
and so should
they.” they.
 Practice
-
Cold hearted stepmothers are a
fixture in many famous fairy
tales.

Mr. De Mesa failed to pay his

monthly amortization from
-
February May 2009.
 Patterns of Paragraph Development
Yes, the great ballroom is filled only with
dust now. The slender columns of rose-red
marble are woven together by cobwebs. The
vivid frescoes, on which the Duke’s treasury
spent so much, are dimmed by the dust; the
faces of the painted goddesses look grey. And
the velvet curtains – touch them they will
crumble. Two hundred years now, since anyone
danced in this place on the sea-green floor in
the candle-gleam. Two hundred years since the
wonderful clock struck for the very first time.
 Rehearsal is the act of mentally
repeating material immediately after
hearing it. Rehearsing information two,
three, or even four times or more makes it
much more likely that we will remember it
later. For example, if you are introduced to
a couple named Wanda and Rick and you
want to remember their names, you should
mentally say, “Wanda and Rick, Wanda and
Rick, Wanda and Rick.”
 Many people are very curious on how a
caterpillar can transform into a very
beautiful butterfly. Each evolution has its
own scientific explanation. First, it will start
from being a caterpillar. Second, the
caterpillar will release a silk produced by its
body and will create a cocoon for its
protection for the third process and for it to
take place. Third, after the evolution/
transformation of the caterpillar inside the
cocoon is finally completed, the caterpillar
will break out of the cocoon and spread its
wings and is already considered a butterfly.
 Fashions, such as the latest clothes,
colors, or hairstyles, are constantly
changing. One reason is that cultures
like ours place a value on change for
its own sake. What is new is good.
Another cause of change is that many
industries promote quick changes in
order to increase sales.
 There are notable differences
between people with high self-
esteem. People with good self-
concepts tend to be more
accepting of others and also more
accepting of their own failures. In
contrast, people with low self-
esteem tend to be very critical of
others.
 Teenagers, couples on dates, and the
nuclear family can all be observed having a
good time at the mall.
Teenagers are drawn to the mall to pass
time with pals and to see and be seen by other
teens….
Couples find fun of another sort at
shopping malls….
Mom, Dad, little Jenny, and Fred, Jr., visit
the mall on Friday and Saturday evenings for
inexpensive recreation….
 Because of the pressing issues regarding
global economic recession, it is high time that
the government support programs that would
boost the country’s economy. We should set
aside moral issues and start thinking of ways to
curb to growing problems in finance. One way
to deal with this is by legalizing prostitution.
We all know that this is the oldest
profession and legalizing this will allow more
revenues. How? Well, basically, legalizing
prostitution is tantamount to taxation. Each
prostitute will be taxed. Hence, a portion of
their profits will contribute to the needs of the
nation.