COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

PAST SIMPLE – PRESENT PERFECT

GROUP LIST

Himawan Bayu P 5105211009

Lutfi Amarila S 5105211013
Hendria Bagja P 5105211014
Jefri Andika P 5105211054
Veronica P 5115211055
 PAST SIMPLE

Events in the past that are now finished

Situation in the past
A series of actions in the past
Use 1 : Events in the past that are now
finished

The first use of the Past Simple to express actions that happened at a specific time in the past.

 They played football last night.

 I got up at 5am.
 She gave me a book yesterday.
Use 2: Situation in the past (once in the
past).

Another use of this tense is talk about situations in the past or something that happened once
in the past:

 She lived in Jakarta for 2 years (She doesn't live there anymore).
 He married a woman who lived in the same village.
 He played a lot of football when he was younger.
Use 3: A series of actions in the past

The Past Simple can also be used with a few actions in the past happening one after another.

 Budi walked in, looked around and smiled to us.

 He took out his wallet and paid the bill.
 The nurse held the patient’s hand and spoke softly to him.
How do we use it?

USE VERB II
Three kinds of sentences :

 Positive sentences
 Negative sentences
 Interrogative sentences
Positive sentences

 Regular verb Spelling:

S + Verb II (Infinitive+ed) a) verbs ending in e add only d:

I love — I loved
Subject Invinitive+ed b) verbs ending in ry change y to ied:
I
I try — I tried
You
c) most verbs ending in a single vowel +
We single consonant change to single vowel +
They Stayed double consonant:
She I travel — I travelled
He We stop — we stopped
It
Positive sentences

 Irregular verbs

S + Verb II
Subject Past Simple
I
You
We
They went
She
He
It
Negative sentences

S + Did not (didn’t) + Infinitive

Subject Did not (didn’t) Infinitive

I
You
We
Did not
They go
(didn’t)
She
He
It
Interrogative sentences

Did + S + Infinitive

Did Subject Infinitive

I
You
We
Did They Go?
She
He
It
 PRESENT PERFECT

For something that started in the past and continues in the present
Effect on the present moment
Indefinite time before now
Use 1 : For something that started in the
past and continues in the present

The first use of the Present Perfect to express actions that happened at a specific time in the
past and continues in the present.

 They have been married for nearly fifty years.

 She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
 I have played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
Use 2 : Effect on the present moment

We also use this tense to when an activity has an effect on the present moment.

 She has finished his work. (so she can now rest)
 I have already eaten the dinner. (so I'm not hungry)
 He has had a car accident. (that's why he is in the hospital)
Use 3 : Indefinite time before now

Use the Present Perfect to talk about actions that happened at some point in the past. It does
not matter when exactly they happened.

 I have already had a breakfast.

 He has been to Malaysia.
Since & For

Since and For are very common time expressions used with the Present Perfect.
We use For with a period of time, for example:
 I have lived here for 20 years.
When talking about a starting point, we use Since, for example:
 I have lived here since 1960.
Use the following time expressions with
the Present Perfect:

 already
 yet
 before
 never
 recently
 at last
 ever
 just
 lately
Remember that in the Present Perfect you cannot use time expressions such as:
 two months ago
 one year ago
 last week
 yesterday
 when I was five years old
Those sentences are wrong because they specify accurately when something happened.
Instead, you should use the Present Simple.
 I visited my mother yesterday.
 I went the post office two months ago.
So, what are the conclusions?

How do we write and say the Present

Perfect sentences?
Positive sentences

S + Have/has + Verb III

Past
Subject Have/has
Participle
I
You
Have
We
They Finished
She
He Has
It
Negative sentences

S + Have/has not + Verb III

Past
Subject Have/has
Participle
I
You Have not
We (haven’t)
They Finished
She
Has
He
(hasn’t)
It
Interrogative sentences

Have/has + S + Verb III

Past
Have/has Subject
Participle
I
You
Have
We
They Finished?
She
Has He
It
Thank You