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Newton’s Laws
• Friction
• Drag Forces
• Motion Along a Curved Path
• The Center of Mass
Kinetic Friction f k k FN
Rolling Friction f r r FN
5
Example Friction
• Ex. 10kg block. FN = weight = mg = 98N.
Static coef. = 0.50; Kinetic coef. = 0.30.
f s ,max (0.50)(98 N )
49 N
f k (0.30)(98N )
29 N
6
Block at rest. Draw a Force Diagram for the block.
Three boxes are pushed by force F with v > 0 along a
horizontal surface with k = 0.291.
FN 5kg
3kg
2kg
F=26N
fk F
F F mg 0 F mg 98N
y N N
F 26 (0.291)(98) (10)a
x x
26 (0.291)(98)
ax 0.25m / s / s
10
Maximum angle block remains at rest:
p s mg sin 0
F f max
f smax s FN mg sin
FN mg cos
F n FN mg cos 0
s mg cos mg sin
sin
s tan
cos
Atwood with
Friction. m1=1kg
m2=2kg. Kinetic
friction = 0.5.
F CW m2 g f (m1 m2 )aCW
m2 g f 19.6 (0.5)9.8
aCW 4.9m / s / s
m1 m2 1 2
Drag Forces
Vary with speed : Fd bv n
m1v1 m2 v2
vcm
m1 m2
m1a1 m2 a2
acm
m1 m2
Center of Mass Acceleration
F1 F2 m1a1 m2a2
m1a1 m2 a2
Fnet ,ext (m1 m2 )
m1 m2
6m1 6(100)
x2 4 ft
m1 m2 100 50
Compare to Ch05ISM#13 8
Summary
• Friction depends on Surface Composition
and Normal Force
• Drag Force vary with speed
• Force required to move along curved path
even at constant speed
• Center of Mass stays same when only
internal forces operate
Can you stop in time?
Buggy rolls.
You slide.
x
F m M
k Fn1 (m M )ax
Given m = 75kg, M = 20kg, D = 3.5m, vo =1.1m/s.
What frictional coefficient is needed?
(75 20)(0.1728)
k
(75) g
k 0.02233
Diagramming Refresher:
Accelerating with F2WD.
2
+cen
v
Fc FN mg m r
3.6 2
FN (1.2)(9.8) 1.2
0.45
FN 22.8N
Q. Assume mass = 1.2kg and radius = 45cm.
If speed at Point B is 5.1m/s, what is the size of the
normal force acting at Point B?
v2
Fc FN mg m r +cen
5.12 -cen
FN (1.2)(9.8) 1.2
0.45
FN 81N
Given: T = 50N, = 30°, r = 1m
Find: mg and v.
v 2 43.3 v 2
25 N m
r 9.8 1 Net
(25)(9.8)
v 2.378m / s
43.3
The speed is now 6.5m/s and r = 1.0m. Angle, tension, mass?
F y T cos mg 0
v2 r L sin
F c T sin m
r L r / sin 1.03m
v2 v 2
( 6.5) 2
T sin m tan
r gr 9.8
T cos mg
76.9
T / m g / cos 42.3
For example, if m = 1.0kg,
then T = 42.3N. Net
Q. The speed of a mass on a string of length L is 6.5m/s.
The radius r = 2.0m. Find angle, tension, mass, and L.
v 2 (6.5) 2
tan
gr 19.6
65.1
T / m g / cos 23.9
r L sin
L r / sin 2.20m
Practice Q: What is F such that 0.5kg block stays at
rest if all surfaces are frictionless?
Banked Turn:
Banked Turn:
Modified Atwood Machine with friction.
Objects are in CW motion.
CW f k m1 g sin m2 g
F 1 2
f k k FN k mg cos
aCW
F
CW k m1 g cos m1 g sin m2 g
mass m1 m2
152
f s 1200 5908N
45.7
5-3
Drag Forces
Drag Forces
• Can be approximated as,
• Fdrag = bvn
• where b and n are constants
Example: Air drag, n = 2.
Fd bv 2 10 25v 2 v 10 / 25 0.632m / s
Terminal Velocity:
Reached when drag
force equals weight force