Westfalia Basics Training English

Westfalia Separator Mineraloil Systems GmbH
Technical Training – The basics

Ronald Eschmann, Service Center Hamburg
The process Separator Type VARIZONE

The bowl bowl: VARIZONE
The sedimentation VARIZONE: max. density
The g-force VARIZONE and UNITROL
The sedimentation surface area, path HFO-UNITROL-System: -0136-
Bowl: the disk stack LO-UNITROL-System: -0196-
The separator UNITROL-System: SMS
Bowl: the centripetal pump ejection monitoring system
Clarification, purification motor current characteristic
Model designation of WS separators The clutch
The self-cleaning separator motor protection
The displacement clutch shoes
The solid wall bowl separator The gear
Installation diagram - HFO gear oil
Installation diagram - LO wear to worm wheel
Installation: "SINGLE MODE" bearings
The separation line The bowl - bowl unbalance
separation efficiency maintenance intervals
optimum capacity spare parts
The regulating ring Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator
The Process
Separators are being used to clean liquids respectively liquid

mixtures. Our field of application is to treat mainly Heavy Fuel
Oil, Dieseloil and Luboil as well as Bilge water.
Beside solid particles the water must be removed from the oil or
the oil from the water.
Heavy Fuel Oil - HFO

Dieseloil - DO Bilge water
Luboil - LO
2 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

The Separator, The bowl
In a centrifugal Separator different densities

are being utilized to discharge the liquids /
solids from each other by centrifugal force in
CS PSL a fast rotating bowl.

The Sedimentation
In a stationary settling tank liquids of different densities along with

the solids will form a deposit above each other after a certain
settling time. This is called as Sedimentation. Because the
density of the solids are higher compared to water the solids will
sink much faster to the tank bottom. The liquid with the lowest
density will float on top after a while: the oil.
dirty oil in a settling tank a few hours later …

The Sedimentation
Big and heavy particals will settle down quite fast to the tank
bottom. This will happen even faster with thin bodied (low
viscosity) oil as well as as higher the difference in density is in
between oil, water and the solid particals.
Gasoil Heavy Fuel Oil

g-force
In a separator the sedimentation will take place much faster due

to the high bowl speed. As the unit of measurement of the field of
gravity the "times g-force" is being used.
g - force g - force

g-force
The maximum g-force of a bowl depends on the diameter of the

bowl and the bowl speed and is limited mainly by the bowl
material (stainless steel) itself. The separator type OSD6 is the
one with the highest bowl speed (n = 12.000 1/min). The
maximum g-force is about 20.000 times force of gravity. The bowl
of the OSD18 rotates with n = 11.500 1/min. The g-force is with
22.000 even higher because of the bigger diameter.
( 2    n)  r 2

9.81 3600
n = bowl speed [1/min]
r = bowl radius [m]

sedimentation surface area, path
The sedimentation becomes more effective

with a higher clarification surface area and a
smaller sedimentation path.
The design of the settling tank 1 is much better
compared to tank 2 with regard to the
clarification efficiency. 

bowl: the disk stack
The disk stack is acting like a very high number

of flat shallow settling tanks above each other.
There are spacers on top of each disk acting as
distance pieces. Because of the short
sedimentation path a disk stack separa-tors is
very efficient. The dirty oil will enter the disk
stack from the outer diameter. The clean oil is
being discharged in the center.

In order to achieve the highest efficiency the entire disk stack

(clarification surface) needs to be provided for the phase whichs
needs to be cleaned: oil or water.
oil: separation line inside oily water: separation line

the half-moon cuttings inside the disk stack
The solids will be collected on the upper wall of each inter-space

and slide down to the sludge holding space of the bowl. Because
of that the bottom surface must not be scratched nor suffering on
scaling as this will result in reduced efficiency. The bottom side of
disks are super finish polished by factory.

The Separator
Separators will be, beside the product which is being treated,

subdevided into the design of the drive and the bowl:
1. flatbelt drive or gear drive

2. self-cleaning or non-self cleaning (solid wall bowl)
gear
flatbelt

The Separator

The Separator
hood
bowl
frame
vertical shaft
horizontal shaft
electric motor worm wheel

bowl: centripetal pump
Centripetal pumps are

non-rotating Impeller
tightly connected with the
separator hood.
Centripetal pumps turns
rotation of the liquid into
delivery height (pressure).
Because of that the clean
oil can be discharged to
the service tank without
additional transfer pump.

Centripetal pumps are acting as transfer pumps. Because of

that the separator motor current during separation is much
higher compared to no-load operation.

C PSL
S
Different types of bowls may have different numbers or

even no centripetals pumps. At the OTA bowl the dirty
water and the clean oil discharge are drained by gravity.

Clarification, Purification
The removal of solids from the oil is called as clarification.

The removal of water and solids is called as purification.
Purifier Clarifier
Model designations of WS Separators
OSA7-02-066

Model designations of WS Separators
OSA 7-02-066
application: O= mineraloil, W = water, E = sludge
Separator with self-cleaning bowl
A-series of WS-Separators
size (efficiency) 7
bowl for clarification and separation with a disc stack
separator with single centripetal pump and discharge by

gravity of the heavy component (water)
drive via centrifugal clutch, open frame, neck bearing
standard or gas-tight; standard or EEx motor
hinged hood, either cast design with cast-on feed- and
discharge line or welded design with welded-on or
screwed-on feed and discharge connections
flange-type motor (horizontal), type B5, with clutch

The self-cleaning Separator
Onboard of todays seagoing vessels

almost only self-cleaning separators
are installed. The entire process will be
CS PSL
monitored and observed by an quite
sophisticated control cabinet and
timing unit.
The solids (sludge) collected in the
sludge holding space of bowl will be
discharged in regular intervalls.
When doing so the separation process
will be interrupted for the cleaning
cycle. The sludge discharge ports in
the bowl bottom will be opened at full
bowl speed.
OSA, OSB, OSC, OSD
Prior to each ejection the

PS
feedvalve will switch over to L
circulation mode: from tank
to tank.
In order to displace the clean

oil out of the bowl fresh
water will be added
to the bowl timer controlled.
Before the ejection the bowl

is filled with water.
OSA,
22 Technical Training - The basics
OSB
Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator
There is a closing chamber

PS
below and a opening L
chamber above the sliding
piston.
During ejection both

chambers are filled with
water timer controlled. The
pressure in both chambers
is the same
but the surface area
of the opening
chamber is bigger. Because
of that the opening force is
higher than the closing
force. OSA,
OSB
OSC,
OSD
The solid wall bowl
The design of solid wall bowl is

easy to understand compared to a
self-cleaning bowl.
Even the process is easy to control

and the control unit is not too
sophisticated. On the other hand for
the manual cleaning a lot of
manpower and time is necessary.
During the manual cleaning the

separator needs to be stopped. Solid
wall bowl separators are mainly
being used for smaller vessels
running on DO. The amount of solids
in DO is not too high. OTA, OTB, OTC
Diagram of installation
Stuffing box oil

Fuel
Settl.
tank Service
tank
Sludge Sludge tank
HFO - Sludge tank LO - Sludge tank
Lube oil Bilge water

Diagram of installation - HFO
Fuels like Heavy Fuel Oil or Diesel

settling
Oil will be kept in a settling tank for
tank service a certain time. The water
tank
accumulated on the bottom of the
tank will be drained by the
operator as a routine work.
The suction of the feed pump is
from the settling tank. The
discharge of the separator is to the
service tank.
A proper installation have to have
an overflow pipe from the service
tank to settling tank. Then there is
no need to stop the separator
when the vessel is alongside
HFO – sludge tank
during berthing.
Diagram of installation - LO
The treatment of Luboil is different: LO

is always treated in a bypass mode:
just a small amount of oil will be
treated by the separator. The total oil
content of the sump will be circulated
several times per day.
These so called circulation number

depends on the type of diesel engine
(four or two stroke) and the diesel
engine makers requirements.
The circulation number of 4-stroke

engines is higher than 2-stroke
engines.
LO – sludge tank

Installation: "SINGLE MODE"

CU – Compact Unit

CU – Compact Unit

The separation efficiency
The separation efficiency will be checked in a proper lab and is the

calculated ratio of the amount of impurities of the oil of the outlet
compared to the inlet of the separator.
HFO

The separation efficiency of a HFO separator depends besides on

the general condition of the separator skid upon the:
- density and micron size of the solid particles
- viscosity and density of the oil
- clarification surface area of bowl disk stack
- g-force of the bowl
- flowrate

flowrate, optimum capacity
The flowrate of a HFO separator for shipboard applications

depends on the fuel consumption of the main as well as auxilliary
engines and boiler. The curve below shows the efficiency as a
function of the flowrate: the efficiency remain quite constant until
dropping at a certain flowrate.
These flowrate is called
separation efficiency
as optimum capacity. To
reduce the flowrate below
optimum may become
necessary only in case of
too much water and / or
cat fines in the feed. On
the long run these may
damage the feedpump
and cause temperature
fluctuation. [l/h]

flowrate, optimum capacity

Efficiency, separation temperature
The main factor with regard to the efficiency is the separation

temperature because the temperature is effecting the density as
well as the viscosity of the oil.
If no order-specific operating data sheet is available, the
separators must be operated as mentioned below:
The efficency will drop down in case the oil is too cold.
Water which is emulsified or in suspension cannot be discharged

from the oil. Solid particles which are in solution with the oil and/or
of the same density as the oil and/or of very small micron size
cannot be discharged by means of a centrifugal separator.
In case the amount of water cannot not be reduced the position

of the separation line needs to be checked.
Bowl: the separation line
The position of the interface in

PS
between oil and water in the
L bowl is called as separation
line.
Ideally the separation line
should be adjusted to the outer
diameter of the disk stack: the
entire clarification surface area
will clean the oil. This will result
in best separa-tion efficiency
and minimum oil losses.
The separation line will move in
or out in case the density of the
oil changes.

The bowl: the regulating ring
The position of the separation

PS
line depends on the ratio of the
L densities of water and oil only.
A shifting separation line after
running new fuel cannot be
avoided as different fuels may
have different densities.
The position of the separation
line can be adjusted by the
operator by means of a
regulating ring.

The position of the separation line

can be checked by testing or by
regulating ring calculation.
The set of regulating rings
delivered by WSM along with the
new separator consist of
identically rings but different
center hole diameters.
The separation line can be
optimized by selecting the suitable
ring from the set.
The regulating ring will be
installed on top of the bowl in the
dirty water discharge.

The general rule for every

separator with a regulating ring in
the dirty water discharge is as
follows:
High density oil needs a narrow
regulating ring diameter to adjust
the separation line to the optimum
position.
The maximum separation
temperatur is 98 °C (slightly less
than the boiling point of water)
Gasoil is being treated at ambient
temperature.

regulating ring too narrow
A too narrow regulating ring

PSL
resp. too low oil density means:
too much water in the bowl.
The water will push the
separation line into the disk
stack. This will result in
reduced separation efficiency:
a certain portion of clarifi-cation
surface area is wasted to clean
the dirty water.
On the other hand you run the
risk to carry over water to the
clean oil discharge.

regulating ring too wide
A too wide regulating ring resp.

PSL
too high oil density means: too
much oil in the bowl. The oil will
push the separation line to the
outer diameter of bowl.
The discharged dirty water may
contain a certain amount of
clean oil: oil losses !
In order to avoid the overflow of
oil to the dirty water discharge
the bowl will be filled with filling
water timer controlled before
the separation starts. This
water is called as water seal.

overflow
In case the separation line is too

PSL
far out the remaining water seal is
just very small.
Without the water seal the oil will

overflow and accidently
discharged to the dirty water
discharge.
An corresponding alarm will be

given by timing unit utilizing the
signal of the pressure switch in
the clean oil discharge PSL. The
PSL is responding to dropping
pressure.

Separator Typ VARIZONE
WSM Separators equipped with a regualting ring are desig-nated

with -02- rep. -91- and are called VARIZONE. The difference in
between -02- and -91- is the manner of the dirty water discharge:
-02-: dirty water is drained by gravity
-91-: dirty water discharged by means of a centripetal pump
OSC5-91-066 OSC5-02-066

Separator Typ VARIZONE
dirty water
clean oil discharge
dirty oil

Separator Typ VARIZONE -91-

Separator Typ VARIZONE -91-
Without a water
After the
The end.
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PAL
closing of the PAH

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Clean tooil
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48 VDC). Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator
VARIZONE: maximum densities
VARIZONE type of separators are restricted in the maximum

density of the oil which can be treated. In case the density will
exceed 0.991 kg/dm³ @ 15 °C it cannot be avoided that the oil
pushes the water too far and finally breaks the water seal based
on the law of physics.
  
PSL PSL PSL
oil density
VARIZONE: maximum densities
Based on the fact that Heavy Fuel Oil – HFO may have densities
clearly above 0.991 kg/dm³ @ 15 °C a regulating ring does not
work but the UNITROL System only. UNITROL is todays state of
the art technology for HFO treatment. Oil with a density above
1.01 kg/dm³ @ 15 °C cannot be treated with an centrifugal
separator in purifier mode.
CS PS
L
VARIZONE -91- UNITROL -

0136-

VARIZONE and UNITROL
HFO of a density in between 0.991 und 1.01 kg/dm³ is a so called

"high density oil". To treat HFO is much more difficult compared to
light oils: the process, the timing unit, the soft-ware, the
supervisory and monitoring equipment is more sophisticated.

UNITROL-System
WSM separators running with UNITROL are designated with

-0136- resp. -0196-. Both systems are a combination of the Water
Monitoring System –WMS- with the Sludge Monitoring System -
SMS- but in different ways.
-0136-: UNITROL for HFO

-0196-: UNITROL for LO

UNITROL HFO -0136-
HFO-UNITROL -0136-: always two centripetal pumps ! One is

discharging the clean oil. The second one circulates a certain
amount of sensing liquid from the bowl to the conductivity sensor
(CS) at the hood. The conductivity of oil and water is different.
Oil will be discharged back into the dirty oil feed. Water is
discharged to the dirty water discharge. These process is called
Water Monitoring System –WMS 01-

UNITROL HFO -0136-
HFO When running UNITROL -0136-

there is no need for filling water at
all. The bowl is empty before being
CS PSL filled with dirty oil.
The circulation valve is open every
minute for 15 sec timer controlled.
During that time the sensing liquid
will be circulated by WMS.
It will take some time until the WMS
will discharge water after de-
sludging because the bowl needs to
be filled with dirty water.
A pressure switch monitors the
sensing liquid pressure.

UNITROL HFO -0136-
HFO After a certain time the dirty water

accumulated in the bowl will reach
the CS. Controlled by the signal of
CS PSL the CS the dirty water will be
discharged by a water discharge
valve.
Once that the CS detects oil again
the discharge will stop without
delay.
The maxium period of the water
discharge is controlled by timer.

UNITROL HFO -0136-
In case the sludge holding space is

HFO
filled with solids up to the position of
the two control holes in the
CS PSL separation disk the sensing liquid
pressure will drop down. The timing
unit will trigger an ejection by Sludge
Monitoring System –SMS-36-.

UNITROL HFO -0136-
In UNITROL HFO -0136-

mode the WMS and SMS
are running in parallel.
timing
unit
In case the sensing
liquid pressure
drops down (SMS)
within a moni-
toring time after
the last cleaning
cycle an correspon-
ding alarm will be
given by timing unit.

UNITROL LO -0196-
LO When running UNITROL

-0196- for LO the WMS
and the SMS are activated
CS PS by timer one after the
other.
After the ejection the bowl
is empty and the bowl is
spinning at nominal speed.
There is no signal from the
Conductivity Sensor (CS)
as well as no signal from
the Pressure Switch (PS)
in the dirty water
discharge.

UNITROL LO -0196-
LO FILLING: the bowl will be

filled with water timer
controlled. The signal of
CS PS
the pressure switch will
override the timer. The
water is acting as a water
seal.

UNITROL LO -0196-
LO WMS mode: the separation

line is being adjusted by
means of a regulating ring
CS PS
similar to design -91-.
The dirty water will be
discharged continiously and
the water discharge valve is
open. During normal
operation there is no signal
from the CS neither the PS.
The separator is running in
mode WMS controlled by
Timer 32.

UNITROL LO -0196-
LO SMS mode: after the WMS

mode is over by timer the
SMS mode will be activa-
CS PS
ted. Timer 33 starts to run.
Both the water discharge
valve as well as circulation
valve are closed. After a
waiting time water will be
added controlled by timer
and counter. This is to
check whether the sludge
holding space is filled up
with solids or not. If not the
signal of the PS will turn
from "0" to "1".

UNITROL LO -0196-
LO SMS mode: In case there is

no "1" signal at the PS
neither CS after the water
CS PS
injection an ejection will be
triggered by SMS: the
sludge holding space is
filled up with solids.
The SMS signal of the
pressure switch will
override the timer T20 (time
between two cleaning
cycles). This is to be
considered when doing
visual inspection of the
separator in operation.
LO -0196-, SMS; ejection monitoring
LO The ejection monitoring

system is utilizing the
separator motor current to
CS PS check whether the ejection
were properly or not.
During the ejection itself
the bowl speed will drop
down. The increased
torque will cause a spike in
the motor current. In case
the spike is too low or will
be detected too late an
corresponding alarm will be
given by timing unit.

motor current characteristic

1. separator motor start

2. feedvalve open
3. feedvalve closed
4. operating water v/v open
5. feedvalve open
winding up time separation
1 2 3 4 5
Customer
Home F4 I Adjustment The ejection monitoring system
I I Service
I I I D10 compares the motor current before
F1 F1 F2 F3 F4 and after the ejection. The setpoint
needs to be adjusted in the sub-
Program directory
I
I
Timer
I Settings „analog input“.
I I I Info
F3 F1 F2 F3 F4
setpoint spike
ANALOG IN
I ANALOG OUT
I I COUNTER
I I I PID-Co
F1 F1 F2 F3 F4
AI 0 Motor current
1U3 7/9 7.0 A
Ejection – monitoring
Offset: 02.0 A

motor current characteristic, clutch
The ejection monitoring system is just monitoring the spike of the

motor current. In case the ejection took place but there is no
spike at all the clutch needs to be checked along with clutch
shoes and flat belt. Impurities will cause a slipping belt.
1: separator-motor
2: clutch
3: flatbelt
4: spindle with bowl

clutch
The clutch consists of the clutch driver and clutch drum.

The clutch driver is tight connected with the motor shaft and
holds the clutch shoes in position. Due to the centrifugal force
the clutch shoes will bring the clutch drum gradually to nominal
speed. The clutch drum is connected with the horizontal shaft of
separator.

clutch
It will take some time to reach to nominal speed because of the

high inertia and weight of the bowl. As bigger the diameter and
the weight of the bowl as longer the winding up time. As higher
the torque to be transmitted as higher the number of clutch
shoes.
OSD6: electric motor

3 kW 4 kW
50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz
number of clutch shoes
3 2 4 3

clutch
Identically separators operated @ 50 Hz needs either more clutch

shoes (more friction surface) or more heavy clutch shoes
compared to 60 Hz because of the reduced friction force
(centrifugal force).
Clutch shoes for gear driven separators are available with or

without counter weight. This is to be considered when ordering
spare parts.

clutch, clutch shoes
The numbers of clutch shoes can be adjusted by the operator.

Too much clutch shoes will result in increased wear rate of the
worm wheel because of the too short winding up time. Please
make sure that the clutch shoes are evenly spaced as otherwise
this will cause unbalance. Please never replace indiviual clutch
shoes but always in a set.

clutch, gear
In addition to the frequency and the separator motor capacity the

direction of rotation of the horziontal shaft must be checked by
the operator at gear driven separators. The clutch shoes must
always be pushed but not pulled.

motor protection - PTC
During the winding up time the motor current may reach alomst
2 times of the nominal current. Because of that an overload relay
is not suitable to protect the electric motor.
WSM separators have got PTC-feeler in each of the three
windings as sole protection: in case the temperatures becomes
too high the thermistor will stop the motor without delay.

gear
A centrifuge needs a
gear because the bowl
speed is much higher
than the motor speed.
A gear drive consist of

a bronze worm wheel
and worm spindle.
The worm wheel drives

the spindle. Because of
that the tooth load is
rather high.

gear
The horizontal gear parts are the following: clutch, horizontal

shaft, worm wheel, shaft bearings as well as gaskets and shaft
sealing rings. The feedpump is sometimes connected at the
pump drive end of separator.

gear
The design of a flatbelt drive is not too sophisticated. Because

there is no horizontal shaft a belt driven separator requires
always an external feedpump unit.

gear
For each separator a set of gear parts for 50 Hz and 60 Hz is

available. In addition to that a gear with reduced speed is
available as an option sometimes. This is to be considered when
ordering spare parts. For example the separator type OSD18 is
available with two different bowl speeds for 50 Hz as well as 60
Hz.
Attention ! The bowl rotates with overspeed in case a 50 Hz

drive will be operated on 60 Hz. Danger !

gear oil
The gear parts (worm wheel,

bottom bearing, neck bearing,
shaft bearings) will be
lubricated from a central bath
of oil.
During operation the worm
wheel will splash the oil
around in the gear box. The
neck bearing is splash
lubricated.
The recommended gear oil for

gear driven separators is
CLP220 (220 cSt @ 40 °C).

gear oil
The use of thin bodied CLP100

for gear driven separators is not
recommended and may result
in increased wear rate on the
worm wheel.
You must not use the high

viscous CLP220 for belt driven
separators as this will result in a
lack of lubrication of the neck
bearing. For belt driven
separators the use of CLP100
is recommended.

gear oil
To check the oil level at the sight glass

is a routine job of the operator.
For belt driven machines you must not
fill too much oil in the gearbox.
It is essential to check the level as well

as the colour of the oil: a milky colour
indicates water in the gear oil. A dark
colour indicates HFO in the gear oil.
The separator must be stopped
immediately.

gear oil, wear of worm wheel
Under unfavourable running conditions like very high ambient

temperatures, the quality of the gear oil may be insufficient so that
more efficient oil must be used: synthetic gear oils. Synthetic gear
oil promises a better lubrication of the worm wheel even in hot
areas. The viscosity of mineral gear oil may be too low for proper
lubrication of the worm wheel.
worm wheel: inadmissible wear
wear to tip of tooth base of tooth shows sings

of wear
gear / lubrication chart
Oberve the following to attain the maximum possible service

life of the gear:
- follow the standard maintenance instructions
- use approved synthetic gear oil
- regularly check the gear oil level
- check the bowl starting time (numbers of clutch shoes)
- avoid external vibrations
- assemble / maintain the foundation components as directed
- remove bowl before long term shut down of separator
Oil change after: gear drive belt drive

mineral gear oil 1500 ops or after 4000 ops or after
6 month 6 month
synthetic gear oil 4000 ops or after 8000 ops or after
6 month 12 month
bearings
The neck bearing is

always a grooved ball
bearing because of the
heavy radial load. There
is no specific mounting
direction.

bearings
The bottom bearings are

acting like thrust bearings.
They have to keep the weight
of the bowl as well as vertical
gear parts. The bottom
bearings are angular contact
ball bearings arranged in
tandem. Please pay special
attention to the mounting
direction !

The bowl
The bowls are balanced in the factory at the

balancing rim on the bowl top as well as
bowl bottom.
It may become necessary to send the bowl
for re-balancing after replacing certain bowl
parts.
The bowl
Left hand thread !
Beside the separator motor and clutch the bowl might by a

possible reason for vibrations as a result of unbalance. The
position of the bowl parts are fixed by means of arresting pins
and "0" marks. Attention: A wrong assembled bowl will cause
unbalance. Danger !

The bowl
To avoid unbalance of bowl as a result of the interchange of bowl

parts the bowl serial number is punched an all critical bowl parts.
Those parts are not available as spare parts. The exchange on
site must be carried our by WSM certified Field Service Engineer.

The bowl
In case the bowl rotates for a longer

period of time without product this will
result in bowl overheating due to
friction on air in the frame.
Overheating is a very serious problem
because the bowl as well as bowl
gasket material, bowl speed,
tolerances of bowl parts etc. it all
depends on the operating
temperature.
Overheating quite often means the

total loss of the bowl. WSM keeps a
certain number of loan / exchange
bowl in stock. A repair is possible in
max. 30 min one of our certified workshops.
The bowl
Clean and wipe dry the spindle cone as well as the bowl hub with
a cloth. Do not grease the cone parts as this will result in bowl
damages.

maintenance schedule
In the relavent Instruction Manual of the separator the

recommended maintance intervals are mentioned. WSM
recommends that the operator should maintain (cleaning,
inspection …) his machine in regular intervals as specified.

maintenance schedule
One important maintenance job is the replacement of wear-and-

tear parts like bearings, gaskets, clutch shoes and flat belt. For
almost every type of WSM separator a set of spare parts is
available for bowl / hood for 1 year in operation as well as for the
drive for 1 and 2 years in operation.

spare parts

Technical Training - The basics

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Westfalia Separator Mineraloil Systems GmbH

Technical Training – The basics

The process Separator Type VARIZONE

Separators are being used to clean liquids respectively liquid

Heavy Fuel Oil - HFO

2 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

In a centrifugal Separator different densities

3 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

In a stationary settling tank liquids of different densities along with

dirty oil in a settling tank a few hours later …

4 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Gasoil Heavy Fuel Oil

5 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

In a separator the sedimentation will take place much faster due

6 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

The maximum g-force of a bowl depends on the diameter of the

7 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

The sedimentation becomes more effective

8 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

The disk stack is acting like a very high number

9 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

In order to achieve the highest efficiency the entire disk stack

oil: separation line inside oily water: separation line

The solids will be collected on the upper wall of each inter-space

11 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Separators will be, beside the product which is being treated,

1. flatbelt drive or gear drive

12 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

13 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

electric motor worm wheel

14 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Centripetal pumps are

15 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Centripetal pumps are acting as transfer pumps. Because of

16 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Different types of bowls may have different numbers or

17 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

The removal of solids from the oil is called as clarification.

19 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

bowl for clarification and separation with a disc stack

separator with single centripetal pump and discharge by

20 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Onboard of todays seagoing vessels

Prior to each ejection the

In order to displace the clean

Before the ejection the bowl

There is a closing chamber

During ejection both

The design of solid wall bowl is

Even the process is easy to control

During the manual cleaning the

Stuffing box oil

Sludge Sludge tank

HFO - Sludge tank LO - Sludge tank

Lube oil Bilge water

26 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

Fuels like Heavy Fuel Oil or Diesel

The treatment of Luboil is different: LO

These so called circulation number

The circulation number of 4-stroke

28 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

29 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

30 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator

31 Technical Training - The basics Mechanical Separation / Westfalia Separator