Clorine (Cl)

Definisi
• Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and
atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens,
it appears between fluorine and bromine in the
periodic table and its properties are mostly
intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green
gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive
element and a strong oxidising agent: among the
elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the
third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and
fluorine.
Simbol bahaya
• Bahaya : korosif atau merusak jaringan
tubuh manusia
• Sifat : Korosif (mengikis)
• Contoh : klor, belerang dioksida
• Keamanan : hindari terhirup pernapasan, kontak
dengan kulit dan mata
• Chlorine is a toxic gas that attacks the respiratory
system, eyes, and skin.[95] Because it is denser
than air, it tends to accumulate at the bottom of
poorly ventilated spaces. Chlorine gas is a strong
oxidizer, which may react with flammable materials.
History
• Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who mistakenly thought it
contained oxygen. Chlorine was given its name in 1810 by Humphry Davy, who
insisted that it was in fact an element.
• Chlorine
• Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who mistakenly thought it
contained oxygen. Chlorine was given its name in 1810 by Humphry Davy, who
insisted that it was in fact an element.
•
• The pure chemical element has the physical form of a diatomic green gas. The
name chlorine is derived from chloros, meaning green, referring to the color of
the gas. Chlorine gas is two and one half times as heavy as air, has an intensely
disagreeable suffocating odor, and is exceedingly poisonous. In its liquid and
solid form it is a powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent.
• This element is a part of the halogen series forming
salts. It is extracted from chlorides through
oxidation and electrolysis. Chlorine gas is greenish-
yellow and combines readily with nearly all other
elements.
Application
• Chlorine is an important chemical in water purification, in disinfectants, in bleach and in
mustard gas.
•
• Chlorine is also used widely in the manufacture of many products and items directly or
indirectly, i.e. in paper product production, antiseptic, dyestuffs, food, insecticides, paints,
petroleum products, plastics, medicines, textiles, solvents, and many other consumer
products.
• It is used to kill bacteria and other microbes from drinking water supplies.
•
• Chlorine is involved in beaching wood pulp for paper making, bleach is also used
industrially to remove ink from recycle paper
• .Chlorine often imparts many desired properties in an organic compound when it is
substituted for hydrogen (synthetic rubber), so it is widely use in organic chemistry, in the
production of chlorates, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and in the bromine extraction.
Health effects of chlorine
• Chlorine is a highly reactive gas. It is a naturally occurring
element. The largest users of chlorine are companies that make
ethylene dichloride and other chlorinated solvents, polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) resins, chlorofluorocarbons, and propylene oxide.
Paper companies use chlorine to bleach paper. Water and
wastewater treatment plants use chlorine to reduce water levels
of microrganisms that can spread disease to humans
(disinfection).
• People who use laundry bleach and swimming pool chemicals
containing chlorine products are usually not exposed to chlorine
itself.
• Chlorine enters the body breathed in with
contaminated air or when consumed with
contaminated food or water. It does not remain in
the body, due to its reactivity.
•
• Effects of chlorine on human health depend on
how the amount of chlorine that is present, and the
length and frequency of exposure. Effects also
depend on the health of a person or condition of
the environment when exposure occurs.
Effect
• Breathing small amounts of chlorine for short periods of time
adversely affects the human respiratory system. Effects differ
from coughing and chest pain, to water retention in the lungs.
Chlorine irritates the skin, the eyes, and the respiratory system.
These effects are not likely to occur at levels of chlorine that are
normally found in the environment.
•
• Human health effects associated with breathing or otherwise
consuming small amounts of chlorine over long periods of time
are not known. Some studies show that workers develop adverse
effects from repeat inhalation exposure to chlorine, but others
will not.