ETHICS

oIt is defined as the science

of the morality of human
acts.

oDerived from the Greek

word ethos meaning
“characteristic way of
living.”
 Human Acts
- are actions performed by
human, knowingly and freely
- also called intentional or
deliberate actions, or, voluntary.

Acts of Man
- in contrary to human acts,
it is involuntary and instinctive
and unintentional.
o Ethics is also said to be
the study of human
motivation, and
ultimately, of human
rational behavior.
o Ethics is morality.

*Morality – is the quality of human acts by which

they are determined as good, bad, or indifferent.
 ETHICS AS VALUES
EDUCATION
oIt takes the value of Value
Education by guiding individuals
in choosing wisely his values and
in acting upon them.

oIt is also the rational foundation

of any attempt at Values
Education. It explains human
values in relation to the ultimate
purpose of human existence.
 “To one who has faith, no explanation is needed.
To one who has no faith, no explanation is possible.”
- St. Thomas Aquinas
ETHICS AND RELIGION
Ethics is a science and depends upon rational
investigation of its truth. Religion is a system and
practices based on faith or revelation.

ETHICS AND LAW

Ethics studies human motivation. It goes deeper
than the study of external actions. Law is
concerned with the externality of the act.
 Basic Types of Ethics
Type Rightness or Focus
wrongness
Utilitarianism Any as long as for Happiness
the greatest number
of people
Deontological Based on laws and Action
rules
Consequentialism Any as long as the Consequence
end is good
Virtue Ethics Traditions, norms or Character
habit
 PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS
Even professions in every field are
regulated by norms so not to produce
any unwanted effect on their side as
they practice it. Each profession is
subject to a set of moral code. This Code
of Ethics guides the actuation of a
professional where the law is silent and
inadequate.
Code
of
Ethics
 ACTION AND MOTIVATION
Needs are those goods which are essential to man as
man.
Wants are those goods that an individual requires
because of his particular circumstance in life.

THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE

 Christian philosophers, notably St. Augustine
and St. Thomas Aquinas teach that man in every
deliberate action acts toward an end and
ultimately, to an absolute ultimate end:
Happiness.