The Family Institution

Definitions of
Family
Peter Murdock
● Defines family as a social group

related by common residence,

economic cooperation and
reproduction

Lamanna & Reidmann

● defines family as an economic

practical group of people

Functions of
the Family
● The Family Regulates Sex and Reproduction

● The Family Enculturates the New Members of the Society

● The Family Designates Status and Roles

● The Family Provides Security and Protection

Classification
of Families
i. Family Size
● How big or small the family will be
● Who will be the members
a) Nuclear Family
b) Extended Family
Nuclear Family
● Small group composed of the married

couple and their offspring that can be

either a family of procreation or a Extended Family
family of orientation ● Big family composed of two or more

nuclear families related together

because of plural marriage or
extension of parent-child
relationship
a) Modified Extended Family
b) Blended or Reconstituted Family
 Rules that
Regulate Family
Relations
1) Rules of Descent 2) Rules of Authority
● Consanguineal Kin a) Patriarchal Family
● Affinal Relatives b) Matriarchal Family
a) Unilateral Descent c) Equalitarian Family
● Patrilineal Descent
● Matrilineal Descent
b) Bilateral Descent
ii. Rules of Descent
Consanguineal Kin
● related by blood
● blood relatives who share common
identity because of kinship ties and
common social and economic activities
EXAMPLE: BROTHER/ SISTER
Affinal Relatives
● are family members who are related as a result
of marriage
● are those persons who are related to one
another because of social ceremonies
(marriage, baptism)
EXAMPLE: BROTHER/ SISTER IN LAW
 Types of Descent
Unilateral Descent Bilateral Descent
● is a kinship system in which descent is ● is the tracing of kinship through both
traced through only one gender parents' ancestral lines
● it’s a family tree that is only tracked ● it ties a person to the biological family of
through the men or women of the family, both his/her mother and father
but not both
 Types of Unilateral Descent
Patrilineal Descent Matrilineal Descent
● traces the ancestry on the male line ● traces the ancestry on the female line
● the children belong to the relatives of the ● the children belong to the relatives of the
father and inherit their status and wealth mother, inherit her property and statuses and
from their father’s side only get care and protection from their mother’
skin groups.
iii. Rules of Authority
● defines who wields power and authority in the family

Patriarchal Family Matriarchal Family Equalitarian Family

● is a kin group that gives ● is a kin group that assigns ● Is a kin group where the
the power of decision power and authority to the decision making is equally
making solely to oldest oldest female in the group shared by family members
male
3) Rules of Residence 4) Rules on Conformity to Social Tradition
a) Patrilocal Residence a) Traditional Families
b) Matrilocal Residence b) Non- Traditonal Families
c) Neolocal Residence ● Solo Parent Family
d) Bilocal Residence ● Cohabitation or Non-marital Family
● Lesbian Gay Co-parent Family
● Living Apart Together (LAT)
iv. Rules of Residence
Patrilocal
● a patriarchal family tends to be patrilocal
in residence, requiring the newly married
couples to live in or within the vicinity of
the groom’s family residence
Matrilocal
● a matriarchal family prescribes a matrilocal
rule that requires the newly married couple
to live with or near the residence of the
parents of the bride
iv. Rules of Residence
Neolocal Bilocal
● requires the newly married couple to live ● is a rule that allows the newly married couple
independently from the household of the to live in the household of either the
parents of the bride or the groom groom’s parents or the bride’s parents
● this is of course the basic pattern in
modern industrial societies
v. Rules on Conformity to Social Tradition
Traditional Families
● are kin groups that conform to the accepted
legal or socially approved tradition
Non-Traditional Families
● are groups formed of persons related by
blood, adoption or by sexual union with or
without marriage, sharing common or
different households but are attached to
group identity and committed to maintain
the group over time
 Types of Non-Traditional Families
Solo Parent Family Cohabitation or Non-marital
Childbearing Family
● is a small group of people related by blood, ● is an informal union between an unmarried
adoption or by common residence couple who share a common residence and
economic and social responsibilities for the
care of their children
 Types of Non-Traditional Families
Lesbian Gay or Lesbian Co-parent Living Apart Together (LAT) Family
Family
● consists of a couple related same sex ● consists of a married couple heterosexually
relations and their adopted children related but not sharing the same household
and living in their own-households with
parents and children from previous
marriage/marriages
 Factors That Can
Affect the Filipino
Families
Technological
Innovations
 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
● Assisted reproductive technology are medical procedures used primarily to address infertility
● It includes procedures such as in vitro fertilization. It may include intracytoplasmic sperm
injection, cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or may involve the use of fertility
medication.
 Who will benefit?
● Infertile single person
● Homosexuals (lesbians, gays etc.)
Computer and Communication
Technologies
 Effects of Computer and Communication Technologies
● can bring family members closer and accessible to one another
● power relationships in the family can be changed
● detrimental effects on the life style of the youth (Carandang and Chua )
● can be a source of tension between family members (cell phones with GPS and social medias)
Some Problems
of the Family
1. Infidelity
reported that work related stress predicts
work-family conflict and is correlated
with job satisfaction. Also they observed
that work-related and home-related
stresses are correlated with life
satisfaction faction; and personal social
report has a direct relationship with life
and job satisfaction
Some Causes
of Infidelity
Types of Infidelity
● Physical
● Emotional
● Combined
2. Juvenile Delinquency
● antisocial behavior that is beyond
parental control that is subject to
legal action
● crimes committed by minors (15
years old and below) due
to parental negligence
Some Crimes Committed by Minors
● Petty Theft

● Vagrancy

● Drug Abuse

● Sexual Molestation
3. Teenage Pregnancy
● also known as adolescent pregnancy
● is pregnancy in a female under the age
of 20
Risks and Consequences of Premarital Sex
● Death

● Unintended Pregnancies

● Exposure STD, HIV/AIDS

● Unsafe Abortions
Causes of Teenage Pregnancy
4. Domestic Violence
● is the physical, psychological or
economic abuses committed by people
against family members.
 Related Study on Domestic Violence
Glutano (2009) Philippine Statistical Saplala (2007)
Yearbook, 2010
● noted that remarried ● Most common crimes ● reported that convicted
and separated women committed against children felons were victims of
are most likely to (2009) are rape, physical abusive childhood
experience violence injury/maltreatment, acts of relationships
lasciviousness and other forms
of child abuse, homicide and
theft.
Researches on
the Filipino
Family
● Studies showed that the Filipino Family are closely-knit group composed of relatives from the
father’s and the mother’s clans that provide financial, emotional and social support to kin
members
● It is the molder of competence and character of a Filipino child, source of Personal happiness,
personal identity, emotional support, commitment and responsibility
● These close family ties are the main strengths and weaknesses of Filipinos
Ortega and Hechanova
● reported that work related stress
predicts work-family conflict and is
correlated with job satisfaction. Also
they observed that work-related and
home-related stresses are correlated
with life satisfaction faction; and
personal social report has a direct
relationship with life and job
satisfaction
Garo-Santiago, Mansukhami
and Resurreccion
● noted that the Filipino adolescents’
definition of the family includes both
the traditional and non-traditional
composition relations as to include
friends who care, help, and support
Tarroja, Balajadia-Alcala and Co
● showed that the family composition has
no significant effect on the
psychosocial well being of abuse
children, but family composition and
last incidence of abuse have a
significant effect on the Children’s
ability to adjust to a new environment
Manalastas and Mondragon
● reported that there is a significant
difference between parents’ and college
students’ judgements of life
satisfaction. Filipino parents tend to
overestimate their children’s life
satisfaction level. College students
whose parents have less discrepancy in
judgment reported higher life
satisfaction and higher overall Filipino
well being.
Garcia and Alampay

● Parental experience of
stressful life events is
correlated with the
child’s externalizing
behavior
Marquez
a) Parent-child Communication
b) Family Connectedness
c) Parental Permissiveness
● Are significant predictors of overall sexual risk taking
● Reduce the probability of same sexual risk taking
 Liwag, Dela Cruz & Macapagal
● Children are valued because of their psychological
and economic worth
Siblings Eldest

Middle Youngest
Sevilla
● Children expected their parents to possess a pleasant
personality
● broad-minded, intelligent, tactful, industrious,
dignified, in good health etc.
Dela Cruz & Espina
● Filipino mothers are
overprotective
regardless of their
employment status
Guzman-Capulong
● delay of gratification among seven-year-old children was not significantly related to gender
and maternal socialization of delay behavior, but the study emphasized the importance of the
mother’s role and the use of distraction techniques in the development of delay behavior and
self-control among children
Ochoa
● fathers in poor communities play a
less active role in socialization
Tan
● the typical Filipino father has a
limited role in child-rearing. He
can either be a procreator or
dilettante
Abrenica
● daughters of affluent
and educated families
are close to their fathers
and this closeness
increases up to late
adolescence
Medina
● there is now a trend of increasing non-traditional families like cohabiting couples, single
parent households, childless couples, dual career and reversed role families