Introduction of Pump and

Mechanical seals
Contents

 Pump Definition
 Types of pumps
 What is centrifugal pump
 Working Mechanism of centrifugal pump
 Advantages of centrıfugal pumps
Pump Definition

 A pump is a device that moves fluids

(liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries,
by mechanical action.
 PUMPS
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S C E N T R IF U G A L P U M P S

R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S ROTARY PUM PS

P IS T O N P U M P S GEAR PUM PS

PLUNG ER PUM PS LOBE PUM PS

D IA P H R A G M P U M P S SCREW PUM PS

CAM PUM PS

VANE PUM PS
 RECIPROCATING PUMPS
 Based on two stroke principles:
√ High pressure, high efficiency
√ Self-priming
X Small quantity, vibration, physical dimension, uneven flow

 Used mainly for handling slurries in plant processes and

pipeline applications
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S
 Two valves and one stuffing box
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S  A rotating mechanism for the
reciprocating piston
P IS T O N P U M P S
 Uses suction to raise liquid into the
PLUNG ER PUM PS chamber.
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S

 Two ball check valves on each side

R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S
 Low pressure on the upward part, high
P IS T O N P U M P S pressure on the downward part
PLUNG ER PUM PS

D IA P H R A G M P U M P S
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S
 Rod
P IS T O N P U M P S
PLUNG ER PUM PS  Can
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S
is moved to push and pull the
diaphragm.
be used to make artificial
hearts.
ROTARY PUMPS
 Positive displacement type

C High pressure, high efficiency

D Liquids must be free of solids
C Handle viscous fluids
 Used mainly in, oil burners, soaps and
cosmetics, sugars, syrup, and molasses, dyes,
ink, bleaches, vegetable and mineral oils
R O T A R Y P U M P S

G E A R P U M P S
 As the teeth come out of mesh,
L O B E P U M P S
liquid flows into the pump and is
S C R E W P U M P S
carried between the teeth and the
C A M P U M P S
casing to the discharge side of the
pump
V A N E P U M P S

 The teeth come back into mesh and

the liquid is forced out the
discharge port
R O T A R Y P U M P S

G E A R P U M P S

L O B E P U M P S  Fluid is carried between the rotor teeth

S C R E W P U M P S and the pumping chamber
C A M P U M P S  The rotor surfaces create continuous
V A N E P U M P S sealing
 Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and
multi-lobe configurations
R O TA R Y P U M P S

G E A R P U M P S  Screw pumps carry fluid in the spaces

L O B E P U M P S between the screw threads. 
S C R E W P U M P S  The fluid is displaced axially as the
C A M P U M P S
screws mesh.
V A N E P U M P S
R O T A R Y P U M P S

G E A R P U M P S

L O B E P U M P S
 Piston slide arm moves around
S C R E W P U M P S

C A M P U M P S
inside a slot in the casing.
V A N E P U M P S  An eccentric cam rotates the
circular plunger (shown in gray)
around the edge of the casing,
fluid is swirled around the edge
to the outlet port.
 Itis not in use now and is mainly
of historical curiosity.
R O T A R Y P U M P S

G E A R P U M P S

L O B E P U M P S  The vanes are in slots in the rotor.

S C R E W P U M P S
 Rotor spins, centrifugal force pushes the
C A M P U M P S
vanes out to touch the casing, where they
V A N E P U M P S
trap and propel fluid.
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

 WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?

 WORKING MECHANISM OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 ADVANTEGAES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?

 Convert the mechanical energy into

hydraulic energy by centrifugal force on
the liquid
 Constitute the most common type of
pumping machinery
 Used to move liquids through a piping
system
 Has two main components:
1. Stationary componets, casing, casing
cover and bearings
2. Rotating components, impeller and shaft
 Classified into three categories ; Radial
Flow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow
WORKING MECHANISM OF A
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

 Simplest piece of equipment in

any process plant
 Energy changes occur by virtue of
impeller and volute
 Liquid is fed into the pump at the
center of a rotating impeller and
thrown outward by centrifugal
force
 The conversion of kinetic energy
into pressure energy supplies the
pressure difference between the Liquid flow path inside a
suction side and delivery side of centrifugal pump
the pump
Impellers
 These consist of wheel shaped elements containing 'Curved Vanes' at the centre
of which is the liquid inlet called the 'EYE' of the impeller.
 There are various types of impeller depending on the duty to be performed by
the pump.
1. Open Impeller : This type consists of vanes attached to a central hub with no
side wall or 'shroud'. It is used for pumping highly contaminated slurry type liquids.
2.Semi-Open Impeller : This type has the vanes attached to a wall or shroud on one
side. It is used mainly for lightly contaminated and abrasive liquids and slurries.
3. Closed Impeller : This impeller has the vanes enclosed on both sides by a shroud
and is the most efficient impeller, used for clean or very slightly contaminated
liquids.
ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

 Simple in construction and cheap

 Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
 No metal to metal fits
 No valves involved in pump operation
 Maintenance costs are lower
 DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

 Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

 Cannot be operated at high heads
 Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range
of conditions
 PUMP SELECTION
The amount of fluid

The properties of the fluid

Type of power supply

Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump

 CAPACITY PRESSURE

LOW HIGH HIGHER SMALL OR MODERATE

MODERATE OR HIGH

GEAR LOBE CENTRIFUGAL

RECIPROCATING
or
RIGID SCREW
ROTARY
PLUNGER
or
ROTARY
PISTON
 Mechanical seal
1.Mechanical seal introduction
2. Components of mechanical
seal
3.Types of mechanical seal
4.Working of Mechanical seal
5.Advantages
6.Disadvantages
7.Application
 Mechanical seal introduction
 Mechanical seals have the purpose of
preventing leakage of a fluid (liquid or
gaseous) through the clearance between a
shaft and the fluid container.
 In modern process/chemical industry
where highly corrosive and expensive fluid
are handled, leaks are not tolerated.
 Since soft packing works on principle of
controlled leakage, the system is not
accepted hence mechanical seal
preferred as they tend to seal with no
visible leakage.
 Functions
 To prevent the escape of fluid.
 Toprevent the clearance
between rotating shaft and
passage way through wall of
housing/casing.
  Toprevent liquid under
pressure from leaking out of
the pump.
 Primary Sealing Points

 Between stationary element and

casing.
 Between rotary element and shaft.
 Between mating surfaces of rotating
and stationary element.
Components of Mechanical seal
Every mechanical seal possesses five basic
elements:
 One ring (usually the seal face) circulating
synchronously with the rotating part (shaft)
 Secondary seal (usually O-ring) between shaft and
ring
 A stationary ring (usually the stationary seat)
arranged in the stationary part (casing)
 Secondary seal (usually O-ring) between these
parts
 Spring for the seal face.
Types of Mechanical seal

Mechanical Seal Types. ...

 Pusher and Non-Pusher. ...
 Balanced and Unbalanced. ...
 Conventional. ...
 Cartridge type……..
 Pusher and Non-Pusher
  Pusher seals utilize a dynamic
secondary seal which moves axially
with the major seal face.
  Non-pusher seals have a static
secondary seal which stays stationary
against the shaft or sleeve
 Balanced and Unbalanced
 The balanced seal has the same opening (face) area as
the unbalanced seal, but the closing area has been
reduced in relation to the face area. Because force
equals pressure times area, reducing the closing area
reduces the closing force. Consequently, less heat is
generated and the seal generally has a longer life. They
are better able to handle liquids with low lubricity and
high vapour pressures.
  The term “unbalanced” is used when the stuffing box
pressure times the area exposed to the pumped fluid
(closing force), acting to close the seal faces, is greater
than the average pressure between the seal faces times
the area of contact between the faces. Unbalanced
seals are often more stable than balanced seals when
subjected to vibration, misalignment, and cavitation.
The disadvantage is their relatively low-pressure limit.
 Conventional seal


These are relatively simple

mechanical seals that have to be
properly set and aligned on the
shaft or the sleeve of the pump.
 Cartridge type seal
 Cartridge seals are self-contained units
consisting of a shaft sleeve, seal, and
gland plate. The unit is fitted onto
the pump shaft as a built assembly, and
no further fitting is required. Cartridge
seals are an attempt to over-come the
fitting problems of conventional seals.
Working of Mechanical seal

 Stationary seal face (mating ring) is sealed to gland and

held in place around pump shaft by gland.
 Rotating seal (primary) is sealed to shaft by an
elastomeric element and is pressed against stationary
face by spring.
 Spring applies pressure to rotating primary face by
pressing against collar fastened to pump shaft.
 Since stationary face is sealed to gland and rotating
face is sealed to shaft, only way for liquid to leak out of
stuffing box is to pass between faces , so to avoid it
they are being pressed together by spring.
 As long as seal faces stay clean, smooth and lubricated
they will eliminate all leakage between shaft and wall
of stuffing box.
 Advantages
 It handles a wide range of liquids
including acids, salts and rough particles.
 Long working life.
 Mechanical seal handle marginally
misaligned/non-concentric
 The operation of seal does not bring about
shaft wear.
 Handle Bi-directional shaft revolution,
huge weight, temperature and speed
trips.
 Disadvantages
 It requires more space than outspread lip
seals.
 Sealing countenances must be done
smooth (0.08 to 0.4 micro meter) and can
get effectively harmed.
 High beginning expense.
 Skilled operator is required.
Applications
 Drainage wells pumps
 Wastewater treatment
 Centrifugal pumps
 Self-priming pumps
 Abrasive liquids pumping
 Thick liquids pumping
 High temperature liquids pumping
 High pressure liquids pumping
Thanks
for listening