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com
eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
Thinking skills:
Applying(Bloom) HOTS also include…
Analyzing
Synthesizing Critical Thinking
Creativity Inquiring Thinking
Applying(TIMSS) Logical Thinking
Reasoning Reflective Thinking
Relation Metacognition
Connections
Insight
Complexity
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Applying (TIMSS)
• apply mathematical knowledge of facts, skills, and procedures
or understanding of concepts to create representations and
solve problems
• representation of ideas forms the core of mathematical
thinking and communication, and the ability to create
equivalent representation
• Select an efficient/appropriate operation, method or strategy
for solving problems where there is a known algorithm or
method of solution
• Display mathematical information and data in diagrams,
tables, charts, or graphs, and generate equivalent
representations for given mathematical entity or relationship
• Generate appropriate model, such as an equation or diagram
for solving a routine problem.
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Analysis

- the process of deriving logical conclusions from


premises known or presumed to be true.
Example 1.
Kap. Pha is taller than Alma M. Echo.
Kap. Pha is shorter than Sir Phand.

a. Who is the shortest?


b. Who is the tallest?
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Analysis continues…(TIMSS)
Here is a number pattern. 100, 1, 99, 2, 98, ___, ___, ___.
What three numbers should go on the blanks?

Use the digits 1, 5 and 9. Write the numbers in the boxes to make the
largest answer when you add.

+ _________

If n is a negative integer, which is the largest number?


(a) 3 + n (b) 3 x n (c) 3 – n (d) 3 ÷ n

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Synthesizing - the ability to put parts together to form
a new whole. This may involve the production of
unique communication(theme or speech), a plan of
operations(research proposal)
Write a well organized paper, give a well organized
speech, write a creative short story,poem,music, propose a plan
for an experiment, integrate learning from different areas into a
plan for solving a problem, formulate a new scheme for
classifying objects, events or ideas.

Example 1. Look at the picture.


Make some multiplication stories about
a.Cakes b. drinks c. furries
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Example 2.
Help Juan dela Cruz write word problem using
these words and numbers. Then solve them
using models.
a.
concert adults children 580

fewer 1 450 How many

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Synthesizing continues…

b. Mr. Chan fruits 2 135 apples

pears more 475 How many

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Creativity/Reasoning
Reasoning mathematically involves the
capacity for logical, systematic thinking.
It includes intuitive and inductive reasoning
based on patterns.
Example:
The distance between the first pole and the
second pole is 6 m. Find the distance between
the 50th pole and the 177th pole.
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Model Drawing/Drawing Model
Approach(1985)
C – Concrete
P – Pictorial
A - Abstract

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History/Background
Singapore Math: A Visual Approach to Word
Problems(Model Drawing in Math in Focus)
early 1980s,
Singapore—a top performing nation as seen
on the Trends in International Math and
Science Study (TIMSS) reports of 1995,1999,
2003, and 2007—is the use of “model
drawing”
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 Model drawing, often called “bar modeling” in the U.S., is a
systematic method of representing word problems and
number relationships that is explicitly taught beginning in
second grade and extending all the way to secondary algebra.
Students are taught to use rectangular “bars” to represent
the relationship between known and unknown numerical
quantities and to solve problems related to these quantities.
 In Singapore, 86% of primary schools use the math series My
Pals Are Here! Maths. In Math in Focus: The Singapore
Approach, the U.S. edition of My Pals Are Here! Maths,
students learn to use the bars to model problems that involve
the four operations both with whole numbers, fractions, and
ratios. The use of the rectangular bars and the identification
of the unknown quantity with a question mark help students
visualize the problem and know what operations to perform.
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Sample problems
1. Grandma buys some tomatoes and carrots.
The total cost is P36. The tomatoes cost P4
more than the carrots. How much does she
spend on the carrots?
t= P4
P36
c=
Solutions:
(a) P36 – P4 = P32
(b) P32 ÷ 2 = P16
Then, 1 unit ( ) = P16 eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
Rod collected 39 shells. Rita collected 5 more shells
than Rod. Together, how many shells did the two
collect?(grade 1)
Rod = 39 ?
Rita = 39 5
Solution:
= 39 + ( 39 + 5 )
= 39 + 44
= 83 (collected by Rod and Rita)
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Darmy has 18 baseball cards. He has 3 times as
many baseball cards as Edly does. How many
baseball cards does Edly have?

Darmy 18
Edly 18 18 18
solution:

(1) 18 x 3 = 54
then, Edly have 54 baseball cards.

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John has 34 baseball cards and football cards in all. He
has 18 baseball cards. How many football cards does
he have?

34 baseball and football cards

18 baseball cards ? football cards

Solution:
34 – 18 = 16
therefore, John has 16 football cards.

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There are three numbers, A, B and C. A is
twice that of B. C is thrice that of A. if C
minus A is 4, what is B plus C?
A=
B=
C=
Solution/s:
(i) C – A = 4; that is 6 – 2 = 4.
(ii) B + C = ?; that is 1 + 6 = 7
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Sample problems continue…
3. Pooh saved three times as much money as Tinky
Winky. Dipsy saved P20 less than Pooh. How
much money did Dipsy save if all of them saved
P645?
Pooh =
Tinky Winky = P645
Dipsy = P20
Solutions:
(a) P645 + P20 = P665
(b) P665 ÷ 7 = P95
(c) (P95 x 3) - P20 = P265 (Dipsy’s Savings)
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Sample problems continue…
2. Emed buys some pencils and erasers. She
spends P112.50 altogether. The pencils cost
P18 more than the erasers. How much does
she spend on the pencils?
e=
P112.50
p= P 18

(1) P112.50 - P18 = P94.50


(2) e = P94.50 ÷ 2 = P47.25
(3) p = P47.25 + P18 = P65.25 (spent on the pencils)
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I am two times as old as my 4 year old brother. How old
will I be when he is 9 years old?
before
Me 4 y/o 4 y/o ? 8 y/o
My brother 4 y/o

after ( when he is 9)
me 4 y/o 4 y/o ?
My brothe 4 y/o ?
Solution/s: (i) 4+ ? = 9 ; then, ? =5
(11) 8 + 5 = 13.
therefore, when my brother is 9 years old, I am 13 years old

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Sample problems continue…
4. Khag and Wang have 1 483 baseball cards in all. Khag and
Giron have 1 765 cards in all. Giron has twice as many
baseball cards as Wang. How many baseball cards does
Khag have?

K W ? 1 483
K&W =
K&G = K G 1 765
Solutions:
(a) 1 unit( ? ) = 1 765 – 1 483
= 282
(b) Khag = 1 483 – 282
= 1 201
Therefore, Khag has 1 201 baseball cards.

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Lucy is 9 years old. Her aunt is 3 times as old as
Lucy. In 4 years time, how old will her aunt
be?(grade 2)
Before:
Lucy 9 y/o
Her Aunt 9 y/o 9 y/o 9 y/o
After:
Lucy 9 y/o 4
Her Aunt 9 y/o 9 y/o 9 y/o 4
Solution:
( 9 + 9 + 9 ) + 4 = 31 y/o or ( 3 x 9 ) + 4 = 31 y/o
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Sample problems continue…
5. The mass of a can full of paint is 7 kg 400 g. When half of the
paint is poured out, the total mass of the can is 4 kg. what is
the mass of the empty can?
Full EC 7 400 g
½ full
EC 4 000 g
3400g
Solutions:
(a) 7 400 g – 4 000 g = 3 400 g
(b) 3 400 x 2 = 6 800 g
(c) 7 400 g – 6 800 g = 600 g (empty can)
1 unit = 7 kg 400 g – 4 kg = 3 kg 400g
Can = 4 kg – 3 kg 400 g = 600 g eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
Sample problems continue…
6. Cathy has 18 more video games than Doghy. Cathy
gives some video games to Doghy. Then they both
have the same number of video games. How many
video games does Cathy give to Doghy?
18
before
C= 9 9

D=
After
C 9

D 9 eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
Mario and VJ have 35 marbles each. Pete has 12 more
marbles than Mario and VJ. How many marbles do the
three boys have together?(grade 2)
M & VJ = 35 35

Pete = 35 12 47

Solution/s:
(i) 35 + 12 = 47
(ii) 35 + 47 = 82 (marbles altogether)
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There are 36 balls in a box. One – third of the balls are
red, ¼ of the remaining are blue and the rest are green.
How many green balls are there?(grade 1)

P36

Solution/s: (i) 36 ÷ 3 = 12
(ii) 36 – 12 = 24
(iii) 24 ÷ 4 = 6; (iv) 6 x 3 = 18
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Ricky has 48 stamps. One – third of his stamps are
foreign stamps. The rest are Philippine stamps. How
many Philippine stamps has he?

Ricky 48
1/3 of 48 ?
foreign Philippine
Solution/s:
( i ) 1/3 x 48 = 16
( ii) 48 – 16 = 32 ( Philippine stamps )
eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
2/5 of the students in a class are boys and the
rest are girls. There are 35 students in the class.
How many boys are in the class?

35 students
2/5 3/5

Solution/s:
(i) 35 ÷ 5 = 7
(ii) 7 x 2 = 14
therefore, there are 14 boys in the class
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Sample problems continue…
8. Juan dela Cruz had 210 packets of sugar. He sold 3/5
of it to Kapatiran. Of the remainder, he sold 3/7 to
Kasumbagan. How many packets of sugar was
unsold?
unsold
210
3/7

3/5
Then, 35 units = 210 packets. So, 210 ÷ 35 = 6,
hence, 1 unit = 6. eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
finally, 8 units x 6 = 48 packets unsold.
or
sold to kasumbagan

sold to kapatiran remains unsold


?
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Sample problems continue…
7. Kam Atyunon awarded 1/5 of a sum of money to Phe Ang. Kam Atyunon awarded Boo
Tah with 3/8 of the remaining money. What fraction of the sum of money is left? If
the sum of money was P800, how much money awarded to Boo Tah?

sum of money = P 800

Phe Ang
Boo Tah

Left
10 units = P800
1 unit = P80
then, 5 units x P80 = P400(left). Boo Tah awarded with 3 units x P80 = P240

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What is 5 ÷ 2/3? or how many 2/3 are
there in 5 wholes?
2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 ½ of 2/3

answer: 7 1/2

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Mr. Lim(of Lim Aviation) pours some cereal into two bowls. The
ratio of the mass of cereal in Bowl A to the mass of cereal in
Bowl B is 12:5. He transfers half of the cereal from Bowl A to
Bowl B. What is the new ratio of the mass of cereal in Bowl A to
the mass of cereal in Bowl B?

Before
Bowl A

Bowl B

After Bowl A

Bowl B

6:11 eduardo.paller@yahoo.com
Vivian had P400. She bought a pair of scissors at
P78 and spent P48 on a pencil case. What
percentage of her money was left?
P400

P78 P48 P?
?%

100%

Amount of money left = P400 – (P78 +P48) = P274


Percentage of money left = (274/400) x 100% = 68.5%
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Michelle paid P240 for a badminton string. She had
been given a 20% discount on the usual price. What
was the usual price of the string?
P?

Usual price

Selling price P240 20%


100% - 20% = 80%
The selling price was 80% of the usual price.
80% P240
1% P(240/80) = P3
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100% 100 x P3 = P300
7/10 of the boys who participated in a marathon race were chinese. The rest of
the boys were made up of Eurasians and Malays in the ratio 5:7 respectively.
There were 756 more Chinese than Malay boys. Find the total number of boys
who participated in the marathon race.

Chinese 7/10 of the boys were


Eurasian/Malay Chinese. The rest of the
boys were Eurasians and
Malays
Ratio of Eurasians to Malays is 5:7

3 parts 5 + 7 = 12 units
1 part 4 units
7 parts 7 x 4 = 28 units
then, 28 – 7 = 21 units there were 756 more Chinese than Malay
boys
21 units 756 boys
1 unit 36 boys
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28 + 5 + 7 40 units
hence, 40 x 36 = 1 440 boys
At the beginning of a swimming camp, the number of boys was
5 times the number of girls. After 144 boys left the camp, there
were twice as many girls as boys. What was the total number of
children at the beginning of the camp?

Use before – after concept


144

before: At the beginning of a camp, the


Boys no. of boys was 5 times the no.
Girls of girls

after:
After 144 boys left the camp,
Boys there were twice as many girls
Girls as boys.
Solution/s:
10 parts – 1 part = 9 parts Therefore, there were
9 parts 144 boys 192 children at the
1 part 16 beginning of the camp
12 parts 192 children eduardo.paller@yahoo.com

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