BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Module 3
DOORS & WINDOWS

Prepared By : Trushti Sanghvi

(Asst. Prof., CED)
 DOOR
A door is a openable barrier secured in a wall
opening.

Functions:
1. They admit ventilation and light.
2. Controls the physical atmosphere within a space by
enclosing it, excluding air drafts, so that interiors may
be more effectively heated or cooled.
3. They act as a barrier to noise.
4. Used to screen areas of a building for aesthetic
purposes, keeping formal and utility areas
separate.
Size of Doors :
Sr. Type of Building Size of Door
No. (m)
1. Residential Building

(i) External Door 1.0 m x 2.0 m

(ii) Internal Door 0.9 m x 2.0 m Residential
(iii) Doors for W.C. and 0.8 m x 2.0 m
Bathrooms
2. Public Buildings

(Schools, Hospitals, Libraries) 1.2 m x 2.0 m

1.2 m x 2.1 m
1.2 m x 2.25 m
3. Car Garage 2.25 m x 2.25 m
Public
Location of Doors & Windows :

 Near the corner of room or at distance of 20 cm from corner.

 Number of doors should be minimum.

 If there are two doors, it should be preferably located on opposite walls for better
ventilation and air-circulation.

 Windows should be located on Northern Side.

 Location of window should also meet functional requirements of room like interior
decoration, arrangement of furniture, etc.
Components of Door :
HORN HEAD
TOP RAIL

GROOVE FOR FRIEZE RAIL

SHUTTER
REBATE (12 mm) JAMB/POST STYLE
INTERMEDIATE
RAILS

HOLDFAST

PANEL

BOTTOM RAIL
F.L.

1) Door Frame 2) Door Shutter

Technical Terms :
Frame : Assembly of horizontal & vertical members to which shutters are fixed.
Shutter : Openable parts of doors & windows.
Head : Top horizontal member of frame.
Sill : Bottom horizontal member of window frame.
Horn : Horizontal projections of head and sill of frame. (10 to 15 cm)
Style : Vertical outside member of shutter.
Top Rail : Top horizontal member of shutter.
Bottom Rail : Lower most horizontal member of shutter.
Lock Rail : Middle horizontal member of shutter.
Panel : Area of shutter enclosed between adjacent rails.
Mullion : Vertical member of frame that sub-divides window/door vertically.
Transom : Horizontal member of frame that sub-divides window/door horizontally.
Reveal : External jamb of door/window.
Hold fasts : Mild steel flats (30 x 6 mm) bent into z-shape to fix frame to opening.
Jamb : Vertical wall face of opening which supports the frame.
Rebate : Depression/Recess made inside frame to receive shutter.
Frieze Rail : Rail fixed between top rail and lock rail.
Threshold : Cross wooden piece fixed to floor under door frame which forms sill.
Louvers : Pieces of timber or plate glass which are fixed in inclined position in
framework, to form window shutter or door panel.
Sash : Special type of frame, made of light sections and designed to carry glass.
Architrave : A strip of wood, usually moulded or splayed, which is fixed round a door
frame to improve its appearance.
 Types of Doors :
 Ledged Door  Hollow Core Flush Door

 Ledged and Braced Door  Fly Proof Door

 Ledged, Braced and Framed Door  Revolving Door

 Panelled Door  Sliding Shutter Door

 Glazed Door  Collapsible Steel Door

 Flush Door  Rolling Steel Shutter Door

 Solid Core Flush Door  Louvered Door

1) Ledged Door
2) Ledged and Braced Door
3) Ledged, Braced and Framed Door
4) Panelled Door
5) Glazed or Sash Door

Fully Glazed Door Partly Glazed Door

6) Flush Door

 Consists of hollow or solid core covered on both

sided with plywood, face veneers, etc.

 Termite proof.

 Crack proof.

 Easy to clean.

 Two types:
1. Solid Core Flush Door
2. Hollow Core Flush Door
7) Solid Core Flush Door 8) Hollow Core Flush Door
9) Fly Proof Door 10) Revolving Door
11) Sliding Door
12) Collapsible Steel Door 13) Louvered Door
14) Rolling Steel Shutter Door
 WINDOW
A window is an opening made in wall for the purpose of providing natural light,
natural ventilation and vision.
Factors for selection of size, shape, location & no. of windows :
 Size of room.
 Location of room.
 Utility of room.
 Direction of wall.
 Direction of wind.
 Climatic conditions such as humidity, temperature, etc.

Thumb Rules :
 Total area of opening = 10-20% of floor area of room.
 Hot and Arid regions, area = 10-15% of floor area
 Hot and Humid regions, area = 15-20% of floor area
 Breadth of window = 1/8 [width of room + height of room]
 Area of window >= 1 m2 for every 30-40 m3
 For public buildings, minimum area of window = 20% of floor area
 For adequate natural light, area of glazed panels = 8-10% of floor area
Designation of Windows/Doors :
 IS recommends size of window with 5 mm margin all-around for convenience in fixing.
 Width & Height indicated by no. of modules; each module = 100 mm.

1) Designation 6 WS 12 :
• Window opening with single shutter.
• W = Window Opening ∴ Size of Window
• S = Single Shutter = 600 x 1200 mm
• Width = 6 modules = 6 x 100 = 600 mm
• Height = 12 modules = 12 x 100 = 1200 mm

2) Designation 11 DT 20 :
• Window opening with double shutters.
• D = Door Opening ∴ Size of Door
• T = Double (Two) Shutters = 1100 x 2000 mm
• Width = 11 modules = 11 x 100 = 1100 mm
• Height = 20 modules = 20 x 100 = 2000 mm
Design of Windows :
 Size & no. should be sufficient to provide ventilation.

 Should be located opposite to each other. Northern side permit maximum day light.

 Window sill 75 to 100 cm above floor level.

 Shutter of windows on external walls should open outside.

 All external windows should be provided with steel grills for safety.

 External Windows should be provided with Chajja to prevent entry of rain.

 Window sill should be sloped towards external face of wall and be weathered and throated
to throw off rain water.
 Types of Windows :

 Casement Window  Sky Light Window

 Steel Window  Lantern Window

 Bay Window  Gable Window

 Clear Storey Window  Double Hung Window

 Corner Window  Sliding Window

 Dormer Window  Pivoted Window

1) Casement Window
2) Steel Window
 Can be fixed directly in masonry using lugs or be
fitted in wooden frame fixed in window opening.
 Holes of 5cm2 and 5-10 cm deep are cut in
brickwork for installing lugs.

Advantages :
 Stronger and durable.
 No contraction or expansion due to weather effects.
 Highly fire resistant.
 Rot proof and termite proof.
 Elegant Appearance.
 Provide more area for light and ventilation because
of thin sections.
 Easy to maintain and negligible cost of maintenance.
 3) Bay Window

 These windows project outside the external walls of the room.

 Square, splayed, Circular or Polygonal in shape.

 Admit more light, increase opening area and improve appearance of the building.
4) Clear Storey Window
 5) Corner Window

 Provide at corner of room to ensure light and ventilation from two directions at right angles.

 Improves elevation of building.

6) Dormer Window
7) Sky Light Window
8) Lantern Light Window
9) Gable Window
10) Double Hung Window
11) Sliding Window 12) Pivoted Window

Vertically Pivoted Horizontally Pivoted