Making an

Offer of Help or
Service and the
Responses

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Making an Offer of Help or Service
Read and practice the following dialog.

Donna : Donny, you are still busy with your computer. Don’t you
feel tired?
Donny : I am, but I must finish my report tonight.
Donna : Why didn’t you do it yesterday so that you wouldn’t have
had to type until late tonight?
Donny : You know, I am busy with my activities at OSIS these days.
Donna : I see, but you look very tired. What can I do to help you?
Donny : Nothing, thanks. I’ll cope by myself.
Donna : O.K. What if I make a cup of coffee or tea for you?
Donny : Yes. A cup of coffee, please.
Donna : Anyway, would you like sugar and cream in your coffee?
Donny : Yes. Thanks.
Donna : O.K. You’re welcome.
 Answer the following questions based on the
previous dialog.

1. What is the dialog about?

2. What tense is used in the text?
3. What is the function of the sentences in bold?
4. What modal is used in those sentences?
5. What verb follows the modal in the sentence?
The following are expressions of making an offer of help
or service and the responses.

Making an Offer of Responding

Help/Service
• May I help you?
• What can I do for you?
• What if I help you carry
the bag?
• Can I help you solve the
exercise?
• May I check your
computer?
Accepting
• Yes, please.
• Certainly. Thank you.
• No, I don’t mind at all.
Declining
• No, thanks. I can manage it
myself.
• That would be nice, but I can
handle it myself. Thanks.
 “May …?”, “What can …?”, “What if …?”
Patterns:
- May + subject + verb base + object/complement + ?
- What + can + subject + verb base + object/complement + ?
- What + if + subject + verb present + object/complement + ?

Examples:
1. May I help you lift the tables, please?
2. What can we do to make you happy?
3. What if we arrange the books in your room, Sir?

Note:
In the examples above, the words “May ...?”, “What can
...?” and “What if ...?” are used to offer help/service.
Complete the following dialogs with suitable expressions.
Use “May …?”, “What can …?” or “What if …?”
1. Brandon : Why do you look confused?
Sania : It’s raining, but I don’t have a raincoat.
Brandon : What if you use mine?
I always bring a raincoat in my bag. __________________
Sania : Don’t you use it yourself?
Brandon : I will go home by bus. I don’t think I need it. Here, please take it.
Sania : O.K. Thank you so much.
Brandon : You are welcome.
2. Kenan : What can I do for you?
It seems that you are very busy, Mom. ___________________
Mrs. Vina: Please babysit your little sister. Let me finish my cooking first. It’s
already time for dinner.
Kenan : All right, Mom.
Mrs. Vina: Thanks, dear.
Kenan : Don’t mention it.
3. Dian : You look in trouble.
Roy : This math puzzle is very difficult.
Dian : May I try to solve it?
_________________
Roy : Sure, thanks.
 Create dialogs based on the pictures.
Then, practice the dialogs.

Do the exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 6-13.

Back to Chapter I
Conditional Sentences
Followed by Instructions/
Suggestions

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Conditional Sentences Followed by Instructions/
Suggestions
Read the following text, in turns.
Write the new words and find their meanings.
What comes into your mind when you hear ‘Yogyakarta’? Gudeg? Malioboro? The
Sultan Palace? Temples? Beautiful beaches? Yes, those are right. However, Yogyakarta
has more wonderful places to visit. If you are in Yogyakarta, you should visit the folowing
amazing places.

1. The World Landmarks Merapi Park is

located at Jalan Kaliurang Km. 22,
Pakembinangun Village, Pakem, Sleman.
There are many landmarks of the world
here, so we don’t need to go overseas to
see and take photos at Source: publisher’s doc.; photographer: Bima
those iconic buildings personally. We only need to spend Rp15,000.00 to enter the park.
It’s very affordable, isn’t it? It opens between 9 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. on weekdays and
closes at 5 p.m. on weekends. It’s closed on Tuesdays.
 There are famous landmarks of the world cities in this place, such as the
Liberty Statue from the USA, Wind Mill from Holland, Forbidden City from
China and Burj khalija Hotel from Dubai. We can take photos with those
amazing buildings as background. If we are tired, we can relax at gazebos or sit
on the benches available. We can also have meals in ‘Leyeh-Leyeh’ Restaurant
which offers traditional concept and menu. Everyone will feel relaxed while
enjoying their meals. We only need to spend Rp10,000.00 to enjoy the food as
much.
Things we should do is to keep the place clean, comfortable and not to
scratch any articles in the park.
Answer the following questions.

1. Who has ever visited Yogyakarta?

2. What do you think about it?
3. Did you go to the World Landmarks Merapi Park located at
Jalan Kaliurang Km. 22, Pakembinangun Village, Pakem,
Sleman? Why/Why not?
4. What places did you visit? Tell us about your impressions
about those places.

Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 20-

21.

Back to Chapter II
Practice the following dialog and pay attention to the sentences in bold.
Answer the following questions.
1. Look at the sentences in bold. What do they mean?
2. What is the main clause called?
3. What is the pattern?
4. What is the sub clause called?
5. What is the pattern? Please make sentences with the same
pattern, in turns.

Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages

23-27.

Back to Chapter II
Captions Related
to Pictures/
Tables/Graphs/
Diagrams

Books don't change people;

paragraphs do; sometimes event
sentences.
Back to
Daftar Isi
 Captions Related to
Pictures/Tables/Graphs/Diagrams
Look at the following pictures.

1
2

3
 Answer the following questions.

1. What is each picture about?

2. What is the purpose of each picture?
3. What is the difference of the three pictures?
4. What is the similarity of the three pictures?
5. What is each picture called?
Read and understand the following information.

Picture 2 is an example of a caption.

Definition:
A title, short explanation or description accompanying an illustration or
a photograph

The form:
A piece of text appearing on a cinema or television screen as part of
a film or broadcast, titles or headings of legal documents, or articles in
magazines

Now, discuss the requirements to make a good caption.

 Read the captions.
What is the message of each?
1

You get a limited number of

chances in life to do
something big. When they
come, take them.
2

DON'T GIVE UP!

Do the exercise in your PR The beginning is always the
Bahasa Inggris on page 46. hardest. Life rewards those
who work hard at it.
 Read and understand the following caption.
In pairs, create a conversation about the caption.
Use the clues as the guideline.

You have the patience, the

strength and the passion to
achieve your ambitions, your
goals and your dreams.
All you need to
TRY.
Clues:
1. The opinions about athe caption. Is it bad or good. Why?
2. The message of the caption.

Do the exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 50-51.

Back to Chapter III
• Application
Letters
• Resume
• Passive
Voice

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Application Letter
Read the letter aloud.
Pay attention to its structure.
Baskara Aditya
Jl. Flamboyan no. 21 Applicant’s
Palembang
Address
08217878454563
aditbrahma@yahoo.co.id

November 12, 2018 Date

Mrs. Dina Kusuma
Personnel Manager
Grand Auto Motors
Employer’s
Jl. Merdeka no. 145 Address
Palembang

Dear Mrs. Dina Kusuma: Salutation

I am writing to apply for Motorcycle Mechanic position as advertised

in Global Post newspaper on Saturday, November 10, 2018. As you Opening
can see from my enclosed resume, my qualifications match this Paragraph
position’s requirements.

Continue reading the letter on the next slide.

I am a fresh graduate from SMK Bina Muda Yogyakarta majoring
Automotive Engineering. My internship at PT Gemilang Motor
Yogyakarta afforded me with crucial skills to work with a few of the
best professionals in automotive industries. I perform general repairs
on a variety of motorcycles. I also excel at diagnosing system
malfunctions and maintaining optimum parts inventories. I am
Body of
familiar with proper standard of care in automotive repair and able
to learn new procedures quickly.
Letter
I am analytical, friendly, helpful and able to work under pressure and
in a team. I am oriented to serve your customers well and increase
your business by maintaining high standards for performance and
customer satisfaction.
I greatly appreciate for taking the time to review my application and
give me a chance for an interview or selection test. I can be reached
by phone or e-mail any time. Thank you for your time and Closing
consideration. Paragraph

Yours sincerely,

Baskara Aditya Closing

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the text called?

2. When does a person write the text?
3. What is the purpose of the text?
4. What are the elements of the text?
5. What information can you get at each elements?
Pay attention to the format of an application letter below.
• Applicant’s address
Your name
Your address
Your telephone number
Your e-mail
• Date
• Employer’s Address
Employer’s name
Job title
Company’s name
Company’s address
• Salutation
Dear ...:
• Opening Paragraph
Explain the basic reason for the application letter.
• Body of Letter
Demonstrates confidently that your skills, background and experience are suitable to the
desired job requirements.
• Closing Paragraph
State your availability for an interview or test and include your contact number or e-mail.
• Closing
Yours sincerely/Yours faithfully,
• Signature
Your name
Read the e-mail and write the full application letter.

PT Light Wooden
Machine Operator
Dear Mrs. Indri Wijaya,
I am writing to apply for the position of Machine Operator which was
posted on your website. I have attached my application letter, resume
and other documents for your consideration. I believe that my
qualifications meet all of your requirements. I can be reached by phone
on 08122664848910 or e-mail at irwandimas85@yahoo.com. I look
forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,

Irwan Dimas Seto

Do the exercise in your PR Bahasa Inggris

Back to Chapter IV
on page 69.
 Resume
Read the following resume.
Baskara Aditya
Jl. Flamboyan No. 21 Palembang
Mobile number: 08217878454563
E-mail: aditbrahma@yahoo.co.id

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Full name : Baskara Aditya
Gender : Male
Place and Date of Birth : Mataram, March 30, 1999
Age : 19
Marital Status : Single
Interest : Basketball, Automotive modification

CAREER OBJECTIVE
I am a fresh vocational school graduate currently looking for a motorcycle mechanic position. I
would like to utilize my skills and experience as well as my passion at automotive industry.
Moreover, I would like to work with other mechanic professionals to improve my skills.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
• 2015–2018 SMK Bina Muda Yogyakarta
• 2012–2015 SMP Karya Bangsa Yogyakarta
• 2006–2012 SD Tunas Mataram

Continue reading the resume on the next slide.

TRAINING
2017 Internship at PT Gemilang Motor, Yogyakarta

SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
• Attended various competitions
• Proficient at computer programs
• Excellent communication skills

ORGANIZATIONS
• A class captain for the eleventh grade of Automotive Class at SMK Bina Muda
• The OSIS chairperson at SMK Bina Muda
• The captain of a basketball team at SMK Bina Muda
• A member of Community Volunteer at SMK Bina Muda
• A member of scouts

HONORS AND AWARDS RECEIVED

• The runner-up of an automotive modification contest in Yogyakarta
• The 2nd runner-up of an interschool basketball competition in Yogyakarta

REFERENCES
Please contact the following:
Mr. Denny Wibowo
Head of Mechanic at PT Gemilang Motors
Phone: 08999666552322
Answer the following questions.

1. What is the text called?

2. What information can you obtain from the text?
3. What is the purpose of writing the text?
4. Do you think the text is important to apply for a job?
Why?
5. Will you someday also write the same kind of text?
What information will you write in the text?
Read the following information.
A resume should contain the following:
• Your Contact Information: full name, address, phone (cell/home) and e-
mail address.
• Personal Information: full name, sex, place and date of birth, age, marital
status and interest.
• Career Objective (Optional): your desired job.
• Education: the name of schools or institutions and dates attended in
reverse order; university, high school and primary school.
• Work Experience: the companies you worked for.
• Summary Qualification: skills related to the position/career field that you
are applying for, such as computer skills or language skills.
• Organization: the organization attended.
• Honors and Awards: honors and awards received.
• Reference (Optional): the persons’ contact information of the previous
employers who are willing to give information about the applicant.
Read the letter.
Suppose you are the applicant, write a resume based on the letter.
Citra Puspita Sari - Financial Adviser
bprmanunggal@recruitment.co.id
Citra Puspita Sari - Financial Adviser
Dear Sir/Madam:
I would like to apply for the post of Financial Adviser which was advertised on
jobs.com on November 6, 2018. I enclose my resume with recent photograph and
scans of the latest certificate, identity card and reference on the attachments.
I graduated from SMA Nasional Kupang majoring Social Science in 2017. I worked
as sales executive staff for PT Windusaka for a year which has improved my
communication skills and maintained a good relationship with customers, clients
and colleagues. I also have learned how companies determine what products or
services to sell, how to reach target sales and how to respond to the demands of
customers which make me able to achieve the sales targets every month.
I am highly motivated and hard-working, and be able to work under pressure and
in a team. I am fluent in spoken and written English and able to operate
computer as well. I believe that I meet your requirements.
I would be very glad for an opportunity to have an interview. I can be reached by
phone or e-mail. Thank you for your consideration.
Continue reading the letter on the next slide.
Yours faithfully,

Citra Puspita Sari

Citra Puspita Sari
Green Garden Residence Block B no. 25 Bima
08566662323112
pcitra98@gmail.com
Resume.pdf (563K)
Certificate.jpg (896K)
Identity Card.jpg (774K)
Reference.jpg (236K)

Do the exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris

Back to Chapter IV
on pages 67-68.
 Passive Voice
Read the following sentences.
Pay attention to the phrases in bold.
1. The application letter is written by Baskara Aditya.
2. The motorcycle mechanic position is advertised in Global Post.
3. The latest certificate, resume and references are being enclosed in the
application letter.
4. I can be reached on my mobile phone and e-mail any time.
5. Leadership and communication skills were improved by work
experiences.
Answer the following questions.

1. What are the sentences called?

2. What kind of verbs are used in the sentences?
3. What are the patterns of the sentences?
4. Give the other examples of the sentences.
Read the following information.

A sentence is passive when the subject is the receiver of the

action.
Pattern: Subject + be + past participle + object
See the changes below.
Active : Baskara Aditya wrote the application letter.
subject verb object

Passive : The application letter was written by Baskara Aditya.

subject verb object
Change the following active sentences into passive
ones.
1. Anneke won a national robotic competition.
A national robotic competition was won by Anneke.
2. My new camera can capture images very well.
Images can be captured by my new camera very well.

Do the rest exercises in your PR Bahasa

Back to Chapter IV
Inggris on page 65.
• News Item
Texts
• Direct and
Indirect
Speech

Back to
Daftar Isi
 News Item Text
Read the following text.
Iron Block Falls at Apartment Project Site in S. Jakarta, Killing One
An iron block from the Pasar Rumput Rusunawa (low-cost apartment) construction
site in South Jakarta fell on Sunday morning, killing a woman.
Witness Nurhayati, who sells staple food near the project site, told The Jakarta Post
that Tarminah, 54, was wearing blue head-scarf when passing in front of her shop before
the accident happened.
“I can’t remember the details. I immediately closed my shop and returned home
when people started to crowd the area,” she said, adding that Tarminah was rushed to
Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Central Jakarta.
The accident happened at 9:25 a.m. when suddenly an iron block fell from the
construction site and hit her on the head.
M. Dopi, a community unit head in the area, said Tarminah was hit by a three-
meter-long iron block and died at the scene.
“Several police officers appeared at the site soon after the incident occurred.
Tarminah was immediately rushed to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital [in Central Jakarta]
and the iron block [that hit Tarminah] was taken to Setiabudi police station,” Dopi said as
quoted by Kompas.com.
The Pasar Rumput low-cost apartment construction project has been halted for
investigation. The project developer, state-owned construction firm PT Waskita Karya, has
apologized for the accident.
People at the scene covered the spot where Tarminah was killed with newspapers
and blocks of wood.
Adopted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/03/18/iron-block-falls-at-apartment-project-site-in-s-jakarta-kills-
one.html (March 19, 2018)
Answer the following questions.

1. What is the purpose of the text?

2. What is the text about?
3. Who were involved?
4. Where did the event take place?
5. Why did it occur?
6. What is the first paragraph about?
7. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
8. What is the purpose of the rest paragraphs?
9. Why are the sentences in most of the paragraphs written
between the quotation marks? What do you call such
sentences?
10. What tenses are mostly used in the text? Why does it use the
tense?
Read the following information.
News Item Text
PURPOSE
To inform readers or listeners about events of the day. The events are
considered newsworthy or important.

STRUCTURE
• Headline : the tittle of the news
• Summary of events : the elaboration of what happened, to
whom and in what circumstance
• Quotes : the exact words that people have said or
written in the news

Study the following structure of a news item text on the

following slide.
 The following is the information from the previous text,
dealing with the structure of a news item text.
Parts of the Text Information from the Text
Iron Block Falls at Apartment Project Site in S. Jakarta,
Headline
Killing One
Who? Nurhayati, Tarminah, M. Dopi, PT Waskita Karya
What? An iron block fell from a construction site and killed one.
The Pasar Rumput Rusunawa construction site in South
Summary of Where?
Jakarta
Events
When? On Sunday morning
Suddenly an iron block fell from the construction site and
Why?
hit Tarminah on the head, and she died at the scene.
“I can’t remember the details. I immediately closed my
shop and went home when people started to crowd the
Quotes
area,” she said, adding that Tarminah was rushed to Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital in Central Jakarta.

Back to Chapter V Study the identification of its text structure in

your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 86-87.
 Direct and Indirect Speech
Read the following sentences.
Pay attention to the structure of the verbs in bold.
Andi says, “I like ice cream.” Andi says that he likes ice cream.
Sari said, “I am living in Surabaya.” Sari said that she was living in Surabaya.
Mr. Dodit said that he had bought a car
Mr. Dodit said, “I bought a car yesterday.”
the day before.
What can you conclude?
1. Change the subject in the reported clause based on the speaker, such
as 'Andi' into 'he'.
2. If the reporting verb is in present tense (say, tell, state, remark,
explain), we don't change the tense in the indirect/reported speech.
3. If the reporting verb is in past tense, we usually change the tense in
the indirect/reported speech.
4. Change the adverbs of time and places (here, there).
For further information about how to change direct into
Back to Chapter V indirect speech in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 87-88.
 Change the following direct sentences into indirect ones.
1. “It was raining when the eruption took place, so not many tourists
were visiting the area. There were no casualties of the eruption,” National
Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) spokesman Sutopo said on Sunday.
2. “People can attend to their activities normally, there is no call for panic or
evacuation. The Dieng Plateau also remains open to the public,” said Sutopo.
3. “We also hope the online booking service for bus tickets will make it easier
and more convenient for our loyal costumers, as they can now book their
bus tickets directly through their smartphones, wherever they are,” said the
manager.
4. “After the eruption, the decrease of tourist visits is quite big and we
continue to make the best efforts for Bali tourism,” said the tourism
agency’s officer, adding that Badung was usually visited by 16,000 foreign
tourists per day, but the number had dropped to 15,000.
5. “We’re grateful that the Chinese government has lifted its travel warning,
since the Indonesian government has convinced them that Bali is safe to visit
and has given guarantees if visitors get stranded due to a Mount Agung
eruption by issuing a cooperation statement,” said I Made Badra on
Wednesday.
Complete the text with the suitable words from the box.
ended up escorted measures left open
strange sight good gallop breaking news Farm workers
Ten horses Horse Farm
breaking news
This is Annneke Rahma with the latest (1) __________________.
strange sight
Drivers in Atlanta saw a (2) ________________ while driving on the
highway this Saturday morning. (3) _______________
Ten horses from a nearby
horse farm left their home and (4) _______________
ended up on a highway.
A farm worker explained what happened, “Oh, a gate got
(5) _______________,
left open so the horses were over here, over at Little Creek
(6) _______________.
Horse Farm They got out this morning and we turned them
out, so that’s what happened. Fortunately, nobody got hurt. They all had
good gallop
a (7) _______________ up the road and nobody got hurt.”
Dekalb County Police said they stopped traffic to make sure the
animals were (8) _______________
escorted back home.
Farm workers
(9) _______________ said they had already taken
measures
(10) _______________ to make sure that it would never happen again.
Adopted from: http://ftpcontent.worldnow.com/wzvn/newsscripts/180319_abc_5a.htm#AMERICAN
(March 28, 2018)
 Complete the following table based on the previous text.

Parts of the Text Information from the Text

Headline
Who?
What?
Summary of
Where?
Events
When?
Why?
Quotes

To check your understanding about news item text, do the

exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 91-94.

Back to Chapter V
 News item
texts

Back to
Daftar Isi
 News Item Texts
Read the following text.
Teachers Play Key Role in Country’s Future: UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

representative in Indonesia Prof. Arief Rachman has called on teachers
to be more active in shaping the country’s future, and schools to
embrace technology to improve the standard of education.
Arief conveyed the message to more than 100 educationalists at the
Global Educational Supplies and Solutions (GESS) Indonesia event in
Jakarta.
“They should be helping in building the characters of students and
developing their intellectual, spiritual, physical and emotional
potentials,” he said on Friday (28/09), as he praised the country’s
private sector for helping to improve education standards.
“I am surprised by the variety of technology showcased at GESS
Indonesia. This is very important in encouraging schools to embrace
innovation and technology to ensure that quality education reaches our
children,” he said.

Continue reading in the next slide.

 GESS Indonesia saw local and international exhibitors optimistic about
their business prospects.
Ward’s Science director of business development Ahmed Mustafa, one of
the exhibitors participating in the event, said GESS Indonesia has the right mix
of teachers and administrators.
“We are happy to be here in Indonesia, a country that is investing heavily
to develop its education sector, so it is a growing market, where we would like
to have a strong presence, and GESS is an ideal platform for us to connect
with local partners and customers,” he said.
ViewSonic country manager Darren Low said the company got great
feedback from teachers.
“We see a lot of potential in this market and look forward to participating
again next year,” he said.
F&E Education director Matt Thompson, whose company organizes GESS
across the globe, vowed to present another exciting show next year.
“The feedback has been positively overwhelming and we hope to continue
to be a relevant platform for education-focused businesses to thrive in
Indonesia, an emerging economic and education powerhouse in the world,”
Thompson said.
Next year’s GESS Indonesia is scheduled for Sept. 26–28, and will be held
at the Jakarta Convention Center.
Adopted from: http://jakartaglobe.id/news/teachers-plays-key-role-countrys-future-unesco/
(January 17, 2018)
 Answer the following questions based on the previous
text.

1. What is the text about?

2. What tenses are used in the text?
3. Why is the text written?
4. Where can you find such a text?
 Read the following information.
The previous text is a news item text.

Function:
to inform readers or listeners about newsworthy or important
events of the day.

Generic Structure:
• Headline : the tittle of the news
• Summary of events : the elaboration of what happened, to
whom and in what circumstance
• Quotes : the exact words that people have said or
written in the news
Read the following text.
Study Shows How Alcohol May Cause Cancer

PARIS (AFP)–Alcohol damages the DNA of stem cells responsible for producing
new blood, according to a mouse study which may explain the link between
drinking and cancer, scientists said on Wednesday.
Health watchdogs have long warned that alcohol consumption contributes to
seven types of cancer—of the mouth, throat, larynx or voice box, oesophagus or
food pipe, breast, liver and bowel.
For the new study, published in the science journal Nature, researchers gave
lab mice diluted alcohol, known chemically as ethanol.
They then used chromosome and DNA analysis to examine genetic damage
caused by acetaldehyde, a chemical produced when the body processes alcohol.
“They found that acetaldehyde can break and damage DNA within blood stem
cells, leading to rearranged chromosomes and permanently altering the DNA
sequences within these cells,” Cancer Research UK, which helped fund the
research, said in a statement.
“It is important to understand how the DNA blueprint within stem cells is
damaged because when healthy stem cells become faulty, they can give rise to
cancer,” he added.

Continue reading in the next slide.

 DNA damage can lead to cell death, but can also trigger the body’s natural
repair mechanisms. However, if the DNA is repaired incorrectly, it can lead to
cancer.
“While some damage occurs by chance, our findings suggest that drinking
alcohol can increase the risk of this damage,” said lead author Ketan Patel of
the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge.
The team also examined how the body fights against alcohol damage
using a family of enzymes called ALDH, which turn acetaldehyde into acetate,
which cells can use as energy.
Millions of people—particularly from South-east Asia–either lack these
enzymes or carry faulty versions, said the team. And mice lacking ALDH,
given alcohol, suffered four times as much DNA damage.
Commentators welcomed the paper’s contribution to the knowledge
base.
“This is beautiful work, which puts our finger on the molecular basis for
the link between alcohol and increased cancer risk and stem cells. Very
important,” said Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz of the University of Cambridge.

Adopted from: http://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/study-shows-how-

alcohol-may-cause-cancer (January 5, 2018)
 Complete the table of identification based on the
previous text.
Main event

Who was/were
involved?

When did it happen?

Source of the news

Statements from the

source

Do the exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris

Back to Chapter VI on pages 104-108.
Spoken and
Written News
Item Texts

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Written News Item Text
Read the following text.
Malang Students Develop Glasses with Money Sensor to Help the Blind
School of Industrial Engineering students at Malang Muhammadiyah University (UMM) have
developed a money sensor to assist the blind. The project idea was inspired by the defrauding of
blind masseuses.
Yoga Adi Wijaya, a member of the project team said in a press release on Saturday, “We visited
the blind massage training center and listened to the masseuses’ complaints. One of the complaints
was how customers had tricked them when paying for their services.”
Following their findings, Yoga and his friends decided to develop a device called Sensor Glasses
for the Blind (Kasentra), an innovative product that combines glasses and a special sensor to detect
an amount of money.
The device is easy to use, as the user only has to put the money in front of the glasses for it to be
detected by the sensor. An audio indicating how much money is being shown will follow suit,
confirming the money’s amount to the user. Kasentra is designed as a standalone device and doesn’t
need to be paired with a smartphone.
Bagus Arif, another member of the project team said, “We developed Kasentra by assessing the
plus and minuses of existing products,” he said, adding that Kasentra was more efficient and
affordable.
The students will continue to develop Kasentra. In the future, they are looking forward to equip
Kasentra with a sensor for braille. Yoga said, “We’re currently working with the School of Information
and Technology to develop a reading sensor that can be attached to the glasses.” (asw)
Adopted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/youth/2018/01/09/malang-students-develop-glasses-with-money-sensor-to-
help-the-blind.html (February 16, 2018)
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the type of the text?
2. What is reported?
3. Who is/are the source(s) of information?
4. In what form is the text presented?
5. Who are the Kasentra developers?
The previous text is a news item in written form.
Function: To inform the readers about events of the day which are
considered newsworthy or important.
The structure of a news item text consists of:
• newsworthy event(s) which relate(s) the event(s) in a
summary form;
• background events which elaborate what happened, to
whom and in what circumstances; and
• sources which admit comments from participants,
eyewitnesses or authorities on the events.
Complete the statements.

1. deliver important news

The purpose of the text is to ___________________________.

2. blind people
Kasentra is developed to help __________________________.

3. A blind masseuse complained about

several customers who had tricked them when paying for
____________________________________________________
their services
_____________.

4. Bagus Arif said that Kasentra is both more efficient and affordable
_________________________than
the existing products.

5. a sensor for braille

In the future Kasentra will be equipped with _________________.
 Noun Ending with -ion
Read the sentences and study the words in bold.
1. The immersive installation is meant to evoke in the audience a sense of being
submerged in a sea of swirling trash.
2. This year, the exhibition’s theme draws inspiration from the ocean and sea.

The words in bold are nouns which are formed from verbs added with suffix –ion. It
shows an act, a process, state or condition. The word ‘installation’ is formed by the verb
‘install’ + –ion, ‘exhibition’ is formed by the verb ‘exhibit’ + –ion, while ‘inspiration’ is
formed by the verb ‘inspire’ + –ion.
Here are other examples of nouns formed by verbs + –ion.
action elevation navigation
addition fusion operation
calculation fruition plantation
calibration graduation reaction
degeneration hesitation separation
discussion implementation
election mediation

Back to Chapter VII Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on page 122
 Spoken News Item Text

Read the following text.

Good morning, everyone, I’m Feny Aprilia at 89.5 FM with Weekly Indonesia
which brings you the latest news of our country.
Our coordinating minister for maritime affairs, Mr. Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan
stated that Indonesia has pledged up to $1 billion a year to dramatically reduce
the amount of plastic and other waste products polluting its waters. He made the
announcement during the 2017 Oceans Summit in Nusa Dua, Bali
The minister said that Indonesia would achieve a 70% reduction in marine
waste within eight years. To achieve this target, the minister had prepared
several methods. He proposed to develop new industries that use biodegradable
materials, such as cassava and seaweed to produce plastic alternatives. Other
methods are to include a nationwide tax on plastic bags as well as a sustained
public education campaign.
Listeners, several of you might think that these methods are excessive.
However, these are for good reasons. The World Bank estimates that each of
Indonesia’s 250 million inhabitants is responsible for between 0.8 and 1 kg of
plastic waste per annum. This made us come in second place after China in term
of waste production.
Continue reading in the next slide.
 As the world’s second biggest plastic polluter, Indonesia also boasts the world’s
highest levels of marine biodiversity. Indonesia lies at the heart of the Coral
Triangle; its incredibly rich coral reef ecosystems support crucial fisheries, provide
food security for millions and are a growing draw for tourists.
Listeners, plastic pollution is just one of the threats to these ecosystems
services, but it’s a serious one. A recent study suggests that by 2050, there could be
more plastic than biomass in the world’s oceans. Plastics have entered the marine
food chain and are already reaching our dinner plates.
Indonesia’s commitment is part of the UN’s new Clean Seas campaign. The aims
is to tackle consumer plastics through a range of actions—from cutting down on
single use plastics such as shopping bags and coffee cups to pressuring firms to cut
down on plastic packaging.
Nine countries have already joined Indonesia in signing up to the campaign,
including Uruguay, which will impose a tax on single use plastic bags and Costa Rica,
which is promising better waste management and education.
What are your opinions about the news? Leave comments on our twitter
@89.5FMWeeklyIndonesia or join us to share your opinions on 0821345678933.
Thank you.
Adopted from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/the-coral-
triangle/2017/mar/02/indonesia-pledges-us1-billion-a-year-to-curb-ocean-waste (February 16,
2018)
Answer the following questions.
1. How is the news presented?
2. How is the news different from the news on the previous
slide?
3. How can you find this type of news?
The previous text is an example of a news item in spoken form.
In composing/delivering a spoken news item text, you have to consider the
following elements:

• Opening: the broadcaster in the studio welcomes listeners to the program

and introduces himself/herself.
• Main Event/Newsworthy Event: the broadcaster reports the important
news or event in brief.
• Elaboration: the reporter on the field introduces himself/herself and
reports the event with more detailed information, for example by
interviewing actors and eyewitnesses of the event.
• Closing: the on the field mentions his/her name to end the report. Then,
the broadcaster in the studio ends the program by mentioning his/her
name and invite listeners to join the program again
Read the news carefully.
Present the news using your own words.
Act like a radio broadcaster.

Former president B.J. Habibie has invited Indonesians to contribute financially

to the development of an 80-seat passenger plane, the R80, which he had designed.
As part of the program, PT Regio Aviasi Industry (RAI), a company established by
Habibie and his son,
Ilham Habibie, is cooperating with digital platform kitabisa.com.
“If we failed to develop the R80, it would be the end of our aircraft industry;
there would be no human resources because [the people] are not motivated,”
Habibie said in Jakarta on Thursday as reported by tempo.co.
Construction of the propeller-driven aircraft will reportedly involve around
1,000 engineers.
Kitabisa.com CEO Alfatih Timur welcomed Habibie’s invitation to collaborate.
“We are enthusiastic because it will show that we still have the spirit of gotong
royong [teamwork],” Alfatih said.

Continue reading in the next slide.

 In an effort to attract participants, the names of those who contributed
Rp100,000 [US$7.42] to the project will be placed on the prototype of the
aircraft.
After three weeks, the campaign has so far collected Rp425 million, but
Alfatih said that donations were not the main source of funding for the project.
RAI president director Agung Nugroho said the R80 was currently in the
preliminary design phase and needed about six years of development before it
could fly.
“Then the planes will go through various tests for about two years. We can
start selling the planes in 2025,” Agung said.
Habibie is among the main founders of state-owned aerospace firm PT
Dirgantara Indonesia (PTDI).

Adopted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/09/29/habibie-invites-indonesians-to-

contribute-to-r80-plane-development.html (February 16, 2018)

Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on

Back to Chapter VII page 124
Procedural Texts:
Recipes

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Procedural Text
Listen and repeat.
Do you like eating fruits? If you do, how do you
consume them? By eating them directly or processing
them before? Well, you can combine both of them,
such as coconut and melon tosses. Just follow the steps.
First of all, prepare the ingredients. You need 2
large egg whites, 100 grams or a half cup of caster
sugar, 250 grams or 1¼ cups of unsweetened coconut
and 1 orange-fleshed melon.
Now, let’s make it. First, shred the coconut. Then, preheat the oven
to 170°C. Next, whisk the egg whites to stiff peaks in a clean bowl. Then,
fold in the sugar and coconut carefully. After that, spoon the mixture into
a 24-hole silicone mini cupcake mould and bake the cupcakes for 10 to 15
minutes or until they start to turn golden on top. Then, remove to a wire
rack and leave to cool completely. Last, use a melon-baller to spoon half
sphere out of the melon, then skewer a piece of melon onto each
coconut cake. Do it to all melon balls and coconut cakes.
That’s quite easy, right? So, have a try!
Adopted from: igloobooks, Cook’s Kitchen Low Fat Over 100 Recipes, Sywell, Igloo Books
Ltd, 2015.
Answer the following questions.

1. What is the text called?

2. What is the purpose of the text?
3. What are the elements of the text?
4. What are the linguistic features of the text?
Read the following information.
Procedural Text
The purpose: to describe how to make an item or cook food
through a sequence of actions or steps.
The structure:
• the goal/aim, which is usually the title of the text;
• a list of ingredients or materials, which are needed in
conducting the procedure (optional);
• the steps or methods to be followed in conducting the
procedure.
The linguistic feature:
• use imperative sentences, such as Put the oven, Sieve the
flour;
• use time sequencers, such as first, next, then, after that,
finally.
Look at the picture.
Write a recipe that you know using the main ingredient in the
picture.
Share your work with the class.

Do the rest exercises in your PR Bahasa

Back to Chapter VIII
Inggris on page 140.
• Procedural Texts
• Adverbial Phrases
• Imperative
Sentences

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Procedural Text
Read the texts.
Pay attention to the words in bold.
Text 1
I bought a laptop computer from a computer store last week. I was
accompanied by my sister. We went there on foot because it was near our house.
A week before, I browsed information about laptop computers’ specifications
and prices. Then, I listed the ones which matched my needs and budget. I also
consulted my sister who knew well about computers. After that, I told my parents
about my plan and they agreed. They also suggested me buy one with higher
specification and would pay for the shortage. I refused because I wanted to buy it
with my own money and did not want to burden my parents.
Then, my sister and I went to the computer store. A shop assistant welcomed
us warmly. Then, he showed us a brochure with the lists of laptop computers. My
sister and I discussed three recommended computers and asked the shop assistant
to show the items. We checked the laptop computers very carefully. Finally, we
decided to buy the gray one.
After that, the shop assistant took out a new laptop computer from the box
and wrote the guarantee letter. We asked him to install several programs. Since it
took a long time to install the programs, we left the laptop computer at the store.
I returned to the store in the afternoon, to take my laptop computer. I was so
happy having a new laptop computer.
 Text 2
Laptop computers are very important today since they offer easy of
handling our tasks. There are too many different types of laptop
computers and different price categories to suit our needs. Therefore,
you should consider the following before splurging on a new device.
First, decide the external appearances, including the size, screen and keyboard.
You should think the size. If portability is your main concern, choose a notebook that
has a small screen and light weight. You should also consider the screen quality. You’ll
be staring at your laptop computer for many hours every day, so you want to make
sure you get a screen that is comfortable to look at. Next, consider the keyboard
quality. For long typing sessions, you must get a laptop that has a comfortable
keyboard.
Second, consider the internal parts, including CPU, RAM and storage. CPU is one
of the important items in deciding the quality of the laptop computer. CPU with higher
specifications offer the best performance when it comes to multitasking
and multimedia tasks. Therefore, choose it based on your needs. Next, think of the
RAM. You need 4GB of RAM or more to get the best out of your system. More RAM
allows for more applications to be run at the same time, and for more data to be
quickly accessible by the system at any one time, which comes in handy for tasks such
as editing photos. Then, decide the storage. The laptop computer which provides high
storage can load programs, access your data and boot up your system quickly.
Third, meet your needs and budget. You need to balance these features with
your budget and needs, and you might have to make several compromises.
Adopted from: https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/556585/top-10-things-consider-when-buying-new-
laptop/ (March 21, 2018)
Answer the following questions.

1. Do the texts use time sequencers? What are their

functions?
2. Do you think the two texts have the same purpose?
Why do you think so?
3. Do you think the two texts have the same generic
structure? Why do you think so?
4. Which text is called procedural text? How do you
know?
5. What are the bolded words called? Give the other
examples.
6. What linguistic features do you find in the texts?
Read the following information.
Procedural Text
The purpose: to describe how an activity is done or how an
object is made through a sequence of actions or
steps.
The structure:
• goal : describing the name of the procedure to be carried
out,
• materials : describing lists of objects which are needed
(optional),
• steps : describing the methods or steps to follow.
 Adverbial Phrases
An adverbial phrase is the term for two or more words which play the role
of an adverb.
See the following examples.
Type Adverbial Phrase Sentence
Manner with a rolling pin Mother flats the dough with
a rolling pin.
Place next door The man who lives next door
is our new neighbor.
Time before Tuesday The students should submit
their work before Tuesday.
Frequency every week Arman visits his grandma
every week.
Purpose for his sister, Denny bought a dress for his
sister.
to buy a laptop computer Leo saves his pocket money
to buy a laptop computer.
 Imperative Sentences
Commands or imperative sentences use verbs base which are
located at the beginning of sentences.
Examples:
1. Follow the steps below.
2. Acquire a stretch of farmland large enough to hold suitable
catfish ponds.
3. Provide an adequate supply of water.
4. Aerate your pond and maintain the temperature.
5. Stock your pond with baby catfish.
Arrange the following paragraphs to form a sequential
procedural text and find the imperative sentences and
adverbial phrases.
How to Take Care of Batik
1. First, separate the darker-colored pieces with lighter-colored ones.
Then, wash your batik with hand wash method using special soap for
batik or baby shampoo for best result. For dolls, wallets and bags, wash
on the dirty area only. You may wash your batik with a washing
machine, but select delicate or gentle cycle and use cold water.
However, for the first phase of washing the fabric, please wash by
hand.

2. After that, continue with drying process. For drying process, line drying
is recommended. Avoid direct sunlight and hang to dry in a shady area
inside out because direct sunlight will damage your batik. When you
use a machine dryer, it should be low heat setting and not over dry.

3. Those are the tips for batik treatments, so you will have long lasting
batik. That’s quite easy tomaintain your valuable batik. Have a try!

Continue reading the text on the next slide.

4. We believe that batik is a process which requires time, energy and
high sense of art to deliver one piece of batik fabric. Since it is an
art piece, special treatments are required. You need to prepare
special soap for batik called lerak or baby shampoo, a washing
machine, but it is optional, and an iron. Pay attention to the
following tips for washing batik.

5. When washing, you also may not use chlorine bleach, strong
detergents or brighteners. These chemicals will destroy the wax of
the batik. Of course, you don’t want it happen to your precious
batik. You have to remember that you also may not wring or twist
the batik to squeeze out the water.

6. Next, iron your batik. You should also pay attention when ironing.
Use warm iron setting and iron them when still little damp for
best result.
Adopted from: http://www.sweetbatik.com/p/washing-instructions.html (March 22,
2018)
Do the exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris
Back to Chapter IX
on page 164.
Procedural Texts Related to
How to Conduct Certain
Programs

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Procedural Texts Related to How to Conduct
Certain Programs
Look at the picture and explain how to use a vending machine, orally.

Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris

on pages 173-175.
Source: publisher’s doc.; photographer: Bia
Read the following texts.
Text 1
Every one of you must have been familiar with Microsoft Word. You operate it almost every day,
don’t you? You can operate it quite easily, right? However, there are still many features of Microsoft
Word that you don’t know. One of them that you might need to know is Hyperlink. What is a
hyperlink? Have you ever heard that term?
A hyperlink is a feature that helps you move to a location in the same file, in another file, or on a
Web page. Furthermore, you can add links from texts or graphics to the target location. Like Web
pages, Word documents can include hyperlinks that perform tasks such as opening another document,
linking to a Web site, downloading a file and sending an e-mail message.
Then, how to insert hyperlinks into a Word document? First, open the Insert Hyperlink dialog box
and specify clearly enough the type of link you want to create. Then, enter an appropriate destination
for that type of link.
While creating a hyperlink to a document or Web page, called the target, you can specify whether
the target information should appear in the same window or frame as the active document or in a new
one. You can also make a particular setting, the default for all hyperlinks.
You need to notice that within a document, hyperlinks appear underlined and in the color specified
for hyperlinks by the document’s theme. You can jump to the target of the hyperlink by holding down
the Ctrl key and clicking the link at the same time. After you click the hyperlink, its color changes to the
color specified for followed hyperlinks.
To edit or remove a hyperlink, select and click Hyperlink in the Links group on the Insert tab or you
can right-click the selection and then click the appropriate command.
Adopted from: Joyce Cox and Joan Lambert, Step by Step Microsoft Word 2010, The United States of America, Online Training Solutions,
Inc., 2010.
Text 2
Microsoft Word has many features that people seldom notice. One of them is Hyperlink. The
hyperlink helps you move to a location in the same file, in another file, or on a Web page. You can
also add links from texts or graphics to the target location. Like Web pages, Word documents can
include hyperlinks that provide a quick way to perform tasks such as the following:
• open another document, • link to a Web site,
• download a file, and • send an e-mail message.
Here are the steps to insert hyperlinks into a Word document. Open the Insert Hyperlink dialog
box and specify the type of link you want to create. Enter an appropriate destination for that type
of link.
While creating a hyperlink to a document or Web page, called the target, specify whether the
target information should appear in the same window or frame as the active document or in a new
one. You can also make a particular setting, the default for all hyperlinks.
Within a document, hyperlinks appear underlined and in the color specified for hyperlinks by
the document’s theme. Jump to the target of the hyperlink by holding down the Ctrl key and
clicking the link. After you click the hyperlink, its color changes to the color specified for followed
hyperlinks.
To edit or remove a hyperlink, select and click Hyperlink in the Links group on the Insert tab or
right-click the selection and then click the appropriate command.
Adopted from: Joyce Cox and Joan Lambert, Step by Step Microsoft Word 2010, The United States of America, Online Training
Solutions, Inc., 2010.

What is the difference between Text 1 and Text 2?

Answer the following questions based of the previous
texts.

1. What are the texts called?

2. What are the elements?
3. What are the linguistic features of the texts?
4. What are imperatives? Give the examples.
5. What are adverbial phrases? Give the examples.

Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages

179-183.

Back to Chapter X
Interpreting songs’
lyrics and the messages
of songs

Source: https://goo.gl/K1fD3M, downloaded January 4, 2018

Back to
Daftar Isi
 Interpreting Songs’ Lyrics and the Messages of Songs

Click on the screen and listen to the song.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reghyn9fmJQ
Read the following words or phrases in turns.
What do they mean?

1. toast done on one side 2. walking cane

3. alien 4. manners maketh man
5. to suffer 6. ignorance
7. be yourself 8. no matter what they say
9. modesty 10. propriety
11. notoriety 12. gentleness
13. sobriety 14. rare
15. combat gear 16. license
17. confront 18. enemies
19. avoid 20. never run

Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 191-

194.
Read the song lyrics and identify the message of the song.
There’s a place in your heart
And I know that it is love
And this place could be much
Brighter than tomorrow
And if you really try
You’ll find there’s no need to cry
In this place you’ll feel
There’s no hurt or sorrow
There are ways to get there
If you care enough for the living
Make a little space
Make a better place
Heal the world
Make it a better place
For you and for me
And the entire human race
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make a better place for you and for me
Back to Chapter XI
If you want to know why
There’s a love that cannot lie
Love is strong
It only cares for joyful giving
If we try, we shall see
In this bliss we cannot feel
Fear or dread
We stop existing and start living
Then it feels that always
Love’s enough for us growing
So make a better world
Make a better world
...
Adopted from: https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/michaeljackson/
healtheworld.html (January 4, 2018)
Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris pages
195-199.