LINEAMENT STUDY USING AEROMAGNETIC DATA OF BRASS, BAYELSA STATE NIGERIA

A DISSERTATION PRESENTED
BY

EGBUNE,EMEZO JOY
G2016/M.SC/ PHY/FT/012

MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.)

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT

SUPERVISORS:

DR. C. N. NWANKWO
DR. SUNNY INICHEMBIA
 OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Objective
 Scope
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Results And Discussion
 Conclusion
 Contribution To Knowledge
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

a)What isWhat are lineament ?

A lineament is a linear feature in a landscape which is an expression of an underlying
geological structure.
Typically a lineament will appear as :
• a fault-aligned valley,
• a series of fault
• fold-aligned hills,
• a straight coastline or indeed a combination of these features.
What are lineament and aeromagnetic?
An aeromagnetic survey is a kind of geophysical
prospecting, which makes use of airborne geophysical
surveying gauges installed either on the ground surface
or from low-flying aircrafts.
Aeromagnetic method can be employed in:
• locating fractures,
• faults
• ring system of the basement rocks which possibly control
the mineralization.
 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

OBJECTIVE

To detect weak areas and propose a fortified version against the existing
network.

NOTE
weak areas in a transmission network are section within the
network which when removed could lead to blackout,voltage
instability, Overloading of the transmission Lines ,Voltage
Violations e.t.c.
 SCOPE OF WORK

 This work will be limited to the transmission line contingency ranking of Nigerian 330kv grid
network only.
 LITRATURE REVIEW

 Historical Review of Nigeria Grid System

 Review of Global Contingency Incidences

Statistical Review of Nigerian Grid Collapse Incidences

 Regionalization And Challenges of Nigeria 330kv Grid Network

 Power System Security

Function Of Power System Security

 The Concept of Transmission Line Contingency Studies

 Contingency Study Techniques

 Previous Works on the Nigerian 330KV Network

 METHODOLGY

a) Block Diagram Of Nigeria 330kv Grid Network

 b) Mathematical Model

1. Newton Raphson Load Flow (NRLF):

 Active Power (P)

 Bus Voltage (V)

2. Compensation (QC

 QC = × sin (cos-1(pf1)) – ×sin (cos-1(pf2))

3. Active Power Performance Index (PIp):

 PIp=

Where =

4. Voltage Performance Index (PIv):

5.Overall Performance Index (OPI):

 OPI= PIp + (PIv)

 d) Mathematical MODELING FLOWCHART

Start

Initiate and read Nigerian 330KV network data and

perform load flow for pre- contingency case

Simulate the line outage contingency

Run the load flow analysis of this outage condition

Calculate the power flow in all the lines and Pmax Compute PIp

Calculate the voltage at all the buses Compute PIV

Are all the line outages

NO considered?

YES
Compute overall
Rank the contingencies based on overall performance index
performance index

Stop
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 SIMULATION RESULTS

 Existing Nigerian 330 KV Grid Network

 Fortified 330 KV Nigerian Grid Network

  EXISTING NIGERIAN 330KV GRID NETWORK SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 4.1: Single Line Diagram of the Existing 330KV Nigerian Grid Network with JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened
Table 4.1: The Power Flow of the Existing 330KV Nigerian Grid System with JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened

S/N Contingency Records Label From MW From MVar From MVA MW Loss MVar Loss
1 L_00002AJA-00001EGBIN_CLOSED -100 -50 111.8 -10.93 -10.66
2 L_00003OKEARO-00001EGBIN_CLOSED -41.4 -97.9 106.3 -10.22 -10.83
3 L_00004IKJAWEST-00001EGBIN_CLOSED 51 -105.7 117.4 -11.17 17.64
4 L_00001EGBIN-00007BENIN_CLOSED -767.9 493.4 912.8 5.3 -12.83
5 L_00003OKEARO-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED -78.8 37.9 87.4 -12.54 -2.22
6 L_00005AKANGBA-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED -112.2 -56.4 125.6 -6.81 10.07
7 L_00004IKJAWEST-00006OMO'SHO_CLOSED -425.8 38.2 427.5 -13.67 --5.97
8 L_00008SEKETE-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED -89.8 -45.1 100.5 -15.9 10.09
9 L_00009OLO'SHOG-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED 195 -132.8 235.9 -14.13 -5.03
10 L_00004IKJAWEST-000100SHOGBO_CLOSED -144.4 15.2 145.1 11.58 10.02
11 L_00006OMO'SHO-00007BENIN_CLOSED -1062.5- 524.9 1185.1 -126.07 121.91
12 L_00012IHOVBOR-00007BENIN_CLOSED 166.2 -344.8 382.8 -5.69 15.19
13 L_00007BENIN-00019DELTA_CLOSED -359.6 348.6 500.8 12.59 14.72
14 L_00020SAPELE-00007BENIN_CLOSED 393.4 -372.1 541.5 10.15 9.99
15 L_00007BENIN-000250NITSHA_CLOSED -325.8 83.9 336.4 -17.94 13.44
16 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00007BENIN_CLOSED 2273.9 -242.6 2286.80 103.55 106.16
17 L_00011AYEDE-00009OLO'SHOG_CLOSED -2.3 -29.9 29.9 -15.43 10.14
18 L_00011AYEDE-000100SHOGBO_CLOSED -110.9 -28.5 114.4 -14.6 0.34
19 L_000100SHOGBO-00012IHOVBOR_CLOSED -19.2 -283.2 283.8 -13.31 8.8
20 L_00013JEBBA-000100SHOGBO_CLOSED 341.8 -144.7 371.1 -11.83 4.3
21 L_000100SHOGBO-00017GANMO_CLOSED -197.9 113.2 228 -15.87 8.27
22 L_00014JEBBAGS-00013JEBBA_CLOSED 404.7 -273.1 488.2 10.43 13.97
 POWER FLOW TABLE CONTINUED
24 L_00013JEBBA-00017GANMO_CLOSED 288.9 -95.5 304.3 4.26 15.78
25 L_00013JEBBA-00023SHIRORO_OPEN 0 0 0 0 0
26 L_00016B'KEBBI-00015KAINJI_CLOSED -95.6 -47.8 106.9 -13.53 10.64
27 L_00018ALADJA-00019DELTA_CLOSED -215.4 24.5 216.8 -11.91 10.44
28 L_00020SAPELE-00018ALADJA_CLOSED -126.7 40.7 133.1 -13.81 10.37
29 L_00021KADUNNA-00022KANO_CLOSED 1808.6 -1792.9 2546.7 -122.2 112.56
30 L_00023SHIRORO-00021KADUNNA_CLOSED 8469.9 -5398.5 10044 -106.69 133.81
31 L_00021KADUNNA-00032JOSTS_CLOSED 5456.8 -2173.6 5873.8 -103.27 107.41
32 L_00023SHIRORO-00024ABUJA_CLOSED 2464 5803.7 6305.1 131.41 124.41
33 L_00024ABUJA-00033LOKO'JA_CLOSED -55.8 4621.5 4621.8 168.89 104.53
34 L_000250NITSHA-00026OKPAI_CLOSED -304.8 -284.2 416.8 -5.71 0.08
35 L_00027ASABA-000250NITSHA_CLOSED -94.7 -47.2 105.9 -8.1 2.15
36 L_000250NITSHA-00028ALOJITS_CLOSED -459.4 401.2 609.9 -9.16 4.53
37 L_000250NITSHA-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED 136.8 -36.7 141.7 -3.99 1.84
38 L_00028ALOJITS-00029ALOJIGS_CLOSED -225 172.3 283.4 -3.25 6.96
39 L_00030AFAM-00028ALOJITS_CLOSED 536.3 -315.1 622.1 -4.66 2.56
40 L_00036MARKURDI-00032JOSTS_CLOSED -669.6 184.5 694.5 -2.77 1.54
41 L_00032JOSTS-00037GOMBE_CLOSED 3511.1 -1304.1 3745.5 -109.39 108.65
42 L_00033LOKO'JA-00034AJA'KUTA_CLOSED -323.9 3626.3 3640.8 108.31 112.1
43 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00035GRERGU_CLOSED -1381.9 606.5 1509.1 32.03 31.36
44 L_00037GOMBE-00038DAM'TURU_CLOSED 1346.2 -782.8 1557.2 211.24 105.93
45 L_00037GOMBE-00040YOLA_CLOSED 745.1 -441.2 866 -146.89 101.15
Table 4.2: Bus Voltages Of The Existing 330KV Grid System With JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened

S/N Bus Name PU Angle (Deg) Bus Name PU Voltage Angle

Contingency Records Label Voltage (Deg)
1 L_00002AJA-00001EGBINC1 B_00002AJA 1.0288 -0.61 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00
2 L_00003OKEARO-00001EGBINC1 B_00003OKEARO 1.0378 0.23 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00
3 L_00004IKJAWEST-00001EGBINC1 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00
4 L_00001EGBIN-00007BENINC1 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37
5 L_00003OKEARO-00004IKJAWESTC1 B_00003OKEARO 1.0378 0.23 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43
6 L_00005AKANGBA-00004IKJAWESTC1 B_00005AKANGBA 1.0364 8.40 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43
7 L_00004IKJAWEST-00006OMO'SHOC1 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43 B_00006OMO'SHO 1.0910 12.2
8 L_00008SEKETE-00004IKJAWESTC1 B_00008SEKETE 1.0361 8.38 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43
9 L_00009OLO'SHOG-00004IKJAWESTC1 B_00009OLO'SHOG 1.0582 15.36 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43
10 L_00004IKJAWEST-000100SHOGBOC1 B_00004IKJAWEST 1.0372 8.43 B_000100SHOGBO 1.0321 16.18
11 L_00006OMO'SHO-00007BENINC1 B_00006OMO'SHO 1.0910 12.2 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37
12 L_00012IHOVBOR-00007BENINC1 B_00012IHOVBOR 1.0715 14.54 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37
13 L_00007BENIN-00019DELTAC1 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37 B_00019DELTA 1.0925 17.42
14 L_00020SAPELE-00007BENINC1 B_00020SAPELE 1.0927 16.15 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37
15 L_00007BENIN-000250NITSHAC1 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37 B_000250NITSHA 1.0710 18.19
16 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00007BENINC1 B_00034AJA'KUTA 1.3743 -2.91 B_00007BENIN 1.0969 11.37
17 L_00011AYEDE-00009OLO'SHOGC1 B_00011AYEDE 1.0288 15.98 B_00009OLO'SHOG 1.0582 15.36
18 L_00011AYEDE-000100SHOGBOC1 B_00011AYEDE 1.0288 15.98 B_000100SHOGBO 1.0321 16.18
19 L_000100SHOGBO-00012IHOVBORC1 B_000100SHOGBO 1.0321 16.18 B_00012IHOVBOR 1.0715 14.54
20 L_00013JEBBA-000100SHOGBOC1 B_00013JEBBA 1.0916 26.74 B_000100SHOGBO 1.0321 16.18
21 L_000100SHOGBO-00017GANMOC1 B_000100SHOGBO 1.0321 16.18 B_00017GANMO 1.0411 19.26
 BUS VOLTAGES TABLE CONTINUED

24 L_00013JEBBA-00017GANMOC1 B_00013JEBBA 1.0916 26.74 B_00017GANMO 1.0411 19.26

25 L_00013JEBBA-00023SHIRORO_O1 B_00013JEBBA 1.0916 26.74 B_00023SHIRORO 0.3276 -37.56
26 L_00016B'KEBBI-00015KAINJIC1 B_00016B'KEBBI 1.0879 28.67 B_00015KAINJI 1.0934 29.09
27 L_00018ALADJA-00019DELTAC1 B_00018ALADJA 1.0930 16.49 B_00019DELTA 1.0925 17.42
28 L_00020SAPELE-00018ALADJAC1 B_00020SAPELE 1.0927 16.15 B_00018ALADJA 1.0930 16.49
29 L_00021KADUNNA-00022KANOC1 B_00021KADUNNA 0.7266 -37.69 B_00022KANO 0.7162 -37.07
30 L_00023SHIRORO-00021KADUNNAC1 B_00023SHIRORO 0.3276 -37.56 B_00021KADUNNA 0.7266 -37.69
31 L_00021KADUNNA-00032JOSTSC1 B_00021KADUNNA 0.7266 -37.69 B_00032JOSTS 0.4139 -41.31
32 L_00023SHIRORO-00024ABUJAC1 B_00023SHIRORO 0.3276 -37.56 B_00024ABUJA 0.3110 -31.24
33 L_00024ABUJA-00033LOKO'JAC1 B_00024ABUJA 0.3110 -31.24 B_00033LOKO'JA 0.6620 -18.58
34 L_000250NITSHA-00026OKPAIC1 B_000250NITSHA 1.0710 18.19 B_00026OKPAI 1.0879 19.23
35 L_00027ASABA-000250NITSHAC1 B_00027ASABA 1.0413 17.10 B_000250NITSHA 1.0710 18.19
36 L_000250NITSHA-00028ALOJITSC1 B_000250NITSHA 1.0710 18.19 B_00028ALOJITS 1.0756 23.25
37 L_000250NITSHA-00031N'HAVENC1 B_000250NITSHA 1.0710 18.19 B_00031N'HAVEN 1.0552 17.50
38 L_00028ALOJITS-00029ALOJIGSC1 B_00028ALOJITS 1.0756 23.25 B_00029ALOJIGS 1.0885 24.44
39 L_00030AFAM-00028ALOJITSC1 B_00030AFAM 1.0883 26.87 B_00028ALOJITS 1.0756 23.25
40 L_00036MARKURDI-00032JOSTSC1 B_00036MARKURDI 2.6313 -41.48 B_00032JOSTS 0.4139 -41.31
41 L_00032JOSTS-00037GOMBEC1 B_00032JOSTS 0.4139 -41.31 B_00037GOMBE 0.3952 -48.25
42 L_00033LOKO'JA-00034AJA'KUTAC1 B_00033LOKO'JA 0.6680 -18.58 B_00034AJA'KUTA 0.5743 -2.91
43 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00035GRERGUC1 B_00034AJA'KUTA 0.5743 -2.91 B_00035GRERGU 0.4716 6.64
44 L_00037GOMBE-00038DAM'TURUC1 B_00037GOMBE 0.3952 -48.25 B_00038DAM'TURU 0.2884 -48.57
45 L_00037GOMBE-00040YOLAC1 B_00037GOMBE 0.3952 -48.25 B_00040YOLA 0.4221 -48.35
46 L_00038DAM'TURU-00039MAD'GURIC1 B_00038DAM'TURU 0.2884 -48.57 B_00039MAD'GURI 0.4845 -48.35
Table 4.3: Contingency Ranking of the Existing 330KV Nigerian Grid System

S/N Contingency Records Label Skip Processed Solved Violations OPI Rankings
1 L_00013JEBBA-00023SHIRORO_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 30.3734 1
2 L_00007BENIN-00025ONITSHA_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 29.7579 2
3 L_00025ONITSHA-00028ALOJITS_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 29.0029 3
4 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00007BENIN_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 28.3084 4
5 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00035GRERGU_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 28.2448 5
6 L_000250NITSHA-00026OKPAI_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 28.0255 6
7 L_00014JEBBAGS-00013JEBBA_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 27.3890 7
8 L_00030AFAM-00028ALOJITS_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 27.2575 8
9 L_00015KAINJI-00013JEBBA_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 26.2427 9
10 L_00003OKEARO-00001EGBIN_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 24.7664 10
11 L_00003OKEARO-00004IKJAWEST_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 23.5681 11
12 L_00020SAPELE-00007BENIN_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 23.0473 12
13 L_00013JEBBA- 00010OSHOGBO_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 23.0094 13
14 L_00007BENIN-00019DELTA_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 21.7822 14
15 L_00023SHIRORO-00021KADUNNA_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 21.6533 15
16 L_00028ALOJITS-00029ALOJIGS_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 21.4125 16
17 L_00023SHIRORO-00024ABUJA_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 21.0955 17
18 L_00002AJA-00001EGBIN_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 20.8760 18
19 L_00005AKANGBA-00004IKJAWEST_OPENED NO YES NO Unsolved 20.2967 19
20 L_00009OLO'SHOG-00004IKJAWEST_OPENED NO YES YES 7 20.1800 20
21 L_00006OMO'SHO-00007BENIN_OPENED NO YES YES 7 19.9452 21
22 L_00012IHOVBOR-00007BENIN_OPENED NO YES YES 7 19.8713 22
24 L_00011AYEDE-00009OLO'SHOG_OPENED NO YES YES 7 18.6414 24
25 L_00011AYEDE-00010OSHOGBO_OPENED NO YES YES 6 17.9897 25
26 L_00004IKJAWEST-000100SHOGBO_OPENED NO YES YES 6 17.6820 26
27 L_00001EGBIN-00007BENIN_OPENED NO YES YES 4 17.4686 27
28 L_00004IKJAWEST-00001EGBIN_OPENED NO YES YES 5 17.0689 28
29 L_00024ABUJA-00033LOKO'JA_OPENED NO YES YES 5 16.9752 29
30 L_00004IKJAWEST-00006OMO'SHO_OPENED NO YES YES 4 14.0156 30
31 L_00033LOKO'JA-00034AJA'KUTA_OPENED NO YES YES 4 13.6454 31
32 L_00021KADUNNA-00032JOSTS_OPENED NO YES YES 3 13.6420 32
33 L_00032JOSTS-00037GOMBE_OPENED NO YES YES 3 12.6788 33
34 L_00021KADUNNA-00022KANO_OPENED NO YES YES 1 11.9312 34
35 L_00008SEKETE-00004IKJAWEST_OPENED NO YES YES 3 10.9905 35
36 L_00036MARKURDI-00032JOSTS_OPENED NO YES YES 2 10.4590 36
37 L_00016B'KEBBI-00015KAINJI_OPENED NO YES YES 3 9.6318 37
38 L_00013JEBBA-00017GANMO_OPENED NO YES YES 3 8.1835 38
39 L_00010OSHOGBO-00017GANMO_OPENED NO YES YES 3 7.8605 39
40 L_00018ALADJA-00019DELTA_OPENED NO YES YES 3 7.5443 40
41 L_00025ONITSHA-00031N'HAVEN_OPENED NO YES YES 2 6.2500 41
42 L_00020SAPELE-00018ALADJA_OPENED NO YES YES 3 5.6768 42
43 L_00027ASABA-00025ONITSHA_OPENED NO YES YES 3 5.1452 43
44 L_00037GOMBE-00040YOLA_OPENED NO YES YES 3 4.9063 44
45 L_00037GOMBE-00038DAM'TURU_OPENED NO YES YES 2 4.5090 45
46 L_00038DAM'TURU-00039MAD'GURI_OPENED NO YES YES 2 4.3120 46
Figure 4.2: Violated Line Voltage Profile of Onitsha-N‘Haven Line (L_25 To L_31)
  FORTIFIED 330 KV NIGERIAN GRID NETWORK SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 4.3: Single Line Diagram of the Fortified 330KV Grid System with JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened
Table 4.4: The Fortified 330KV Grid System Power Flow with JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened

S/N Contingency Records Label From MW From MVar From MVA MW Loss MVar Loss
1 L_00001EGBIN-00007BENIN_CLOSED 4.4 -11.2 12 1.34 -1.65
2 L_00002AJA-00001EGBIN _CLOSED -150 -70 165.5 0.85 -0.02
3 L_00003OKEARO-00001EGBIN_CLOSED -49.1 -28.3 56.6 0.64 -0.05
4 L_00003OKEARO-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED -130.9 -61.7 144.7 0.38 -0.99
5 L_00004IKJAWEST-00010OSHOGBO_CLOSED -98 36.9 104.7 1.20 0.03
6 L_00004IKJAWEST-00001EGBIN_CLOSED -311 -318.3 445 0.34 -0.13
7 L_00004IKJAWEST-00006OMO'SHO_CLOSED -90.1 44.5 100.5 0.45 -0.98
8 L_00005AKANGBA-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED -100 -60 116.6 0.07 -0.91
9 L_00006OMO'SHO-00007BENIN_CLOSED 304.5 -156.7 342.4 0.91 -0.55
10 L_00007BENIN-00025ONITSHA_CLOSED 104.9 -86.3 135.8 1.32 -0.36
11 L_00007BENIN-00019DELTA_CLOSED -207 71.4 218.9 0.27 -0.63
12 L_00008SEKETE-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED -80 -30 85.4 0.23 -0.55
13 L_00009OLO'SHOG-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED 186.5 -158.2 244.5 0.39 -0.07
14 L_00010OSHOGBO-00017GANMO_CLOSED -146.1 130.5 195.9 0.11 -0.07
15 L_00010OSHOGBO-00012IHOVBOR_CLOSED 48 -290.2 294.2 0.97 -0.99
16 L_00011AYEDE-00010OSHOGBO_CLOSED 5.1 -23.3 23.8 0.61 -0.69
17 L_00011AYEDE-00009OLO'SHOG_CLOSED -105.1 -26.7 108.4 0.046 -0.06
18 L_00012IHOVBOR-00007BENIN_CLOSED 337.1 -162.2 374.1 0.02 -0.04
19 L_00013JEBBA-00023SHIRORO_OPEN 0 0 0 0 0
20 L_00013JEBBA-00017GANMO_CLOSED 247.7 -111.4 271.6 0.049 0.95
21 L_00013JEBBA-00010OSHOGBO_CLOSED 284.5 -162.8 327.8 2.58 -0.96
22 L_00014JEBBA GS-00013JEBBA _CLOSED 320 -118.9 341.4 0.26 -3.27
 FORTIFIED POWER FLOW CONTINUED
24 L_00016B'KEBBI-00015KAINJI_CLOSED -150 6.4 150.1 1.99 -3.09
25 L_00018ALADJA-00019DELTA_CLOSED -34.7 -33.9 48.5 0.02 -1.89
26 L_00020SAPELE-00007BENIN_CLOSED 284.6 -120.1 308.9 1.72 -1.48
27 L_00020SAPELE-00018ALADJA _CLOSED 85.4 2.6 85.5 0.17 -1.49
28 L_00021KADUNNA-000 32JOS TS_CLOSED -69.8 -25.6 74.4 2.72 -2.95
29 L_00021KADUNNA-00022 KANO_CLOSED 260.8 -109.4 282.8 1.81 -4.45
30 L_00023SHIRORO-00021KADUNNA_CLOSED 434.7 -188.4 473.8 1.73 -3.15
31 L_00023SHIRORO-00024ABUJA _CLOSED 65.3 135.4 150.4 0.54 -1.64
32 L_00024ABUJA-00033LOKO'JA_CLOSED -265.2 74.9 275.6 0.46 -0.07
33 L_00025ONITSHA-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED 355.7 -28.6 356.8 0.40 -0.59
34 L_00025ONITSHA-00028ALOJI TS_CLOSED -125.1 -18.7 126.5 0.92 -0.4
35 L_00025ONITSHA-00026OKPAI _CLOSED -437.8 -33.3 439.1 0.18 0.25
36 L_00027ASABA-00025ONITSHA_CLOSED -80 -30 85.4 0.65 -0.48
37 L_00028ALOJI TS-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED 20.6 15.6 25.8 0.04 0.69
38 L_00028ALOJI TS-00029ALOJI GS_CLOSED -119.7 -180.6 216.6 0.34 -0.2
39 L_00030AFAM-00028ALOJI TS_CLOSED 419 -193.3 461.4 0.97 -1.39
40 L_00032JOS TS-00037GOMBE _CLOSED 456.1 -345.8 572.4 0.05 -3.17
41 L_00033LOKO'JA-00034AJA'KUTA_CLOSED -318.7 64 325.1 0.05 -0.11
42 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00035GRERGU_CLOSED 221.2 -319.2 388.3 0.23 0.65
43 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00007BENIN_CLOSED -551.8 447.5 710.5 0.55 0.83
44 L_00036MARKURDI-00035GRERGU_CLOSED -658.6 379.1 760 0.04 0.05
45 L_00036MARKURDI-00032JOS TS_CLOSED 610.6 -405.5 733 1.07 -1.14
46 L_00036MARKURDI-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED -214.8 56.4 222 0.09 1.30
47 L_00037GOMBE-00040YOLA_CLOSED 120.2 -112.7 164.8 2.80 -4.05
Table 4.5: Bus Voltages of the Fortified 330KV Grid System with JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened

PU Voltage Angle PU Voltage Angle

Contingency Records Label Bus Name (Deg) Bus Name (Deg)
1 L_00001EGBIN-00007BENIN_CLOSED B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00 B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51
2 L_00002AJA-00001EGBIN _CLOSED B_00002AJA 1.0174 -0.91 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00
3 L_00003OKEARO-00001EGBIN_CLOSED B_00003OKEARO 0.9651 1.02 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00
4 L_00003OKEARO-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED B_00003OKEARO 0.9651 1.02 B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02
5 L_00004IKJAWEST-00010OSHOGBO_CLOSED B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02 B_00010OSHOGBO 0.9649 7.87
6 L_00004IKJAWEST-00001EGBIN_CLOSED B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02 B_00001EGBIN 1.0500 0.00
7 L_00004IKJAWEST-00006OMO'SHO_CLOSED B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02 B_00006OMO'SHO 1.0000 6.19
8 L_00005AKANGBA-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED B_00005AKANGBA 0.9949 1.74 B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02
9 L_00006OMO'SHO-00007BENIN_CLOSED B_00006OMO'SHO 1.0000 6.19 B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51
10 L_00007BENIN-00025ONITSHA_CLOSED B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51 B_00025ONITSHA 0.9720 -2.39
11 L_00007BENIN-00019DELTA_CLOSED B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51 B_00019DELTA 1.0000 4.59
12 L_00008SEKETE-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED B_00008SEKETE 0.9873 1.53 B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02
13 L_00009OLO'SHOG-00004IKJAWEST_CLOSED B_00009OLO'SHOG 1.0000 10.10 B_00004IKJAWEST 0.9969 2.02
14 L_00010OSHOGBO-00017GANMO_CLOSED B_00010OSHOGBO 0.9649 7.87 B_00017GANMO 0.9627 10.98
15 L_00010OSHOGBO-00012IHOVBOR_CLOSED B_00010OSHOGBO 0.9649 7.87 B_00012IHOVBOR 1.0000 5.37
16 L_00011AYEDE-00010OSHOGBO_CLOSED B_00011AYEDE 0.9654 8.03 B_00010OSHOGBO 0.9649 7.87
17 L_00011AYEDE-00009OLO'SHOG_CLOSED B_00011AYEDE 0.9654 8.03 B_00009OLO'SHOG 1.0000 10.10
18 L_00012IHOVBOR-00007BENIN_CLOSED B_00012IHOVBOR 1.0000 5.37 B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51
19 L_00013JEBBA-00023SHIRORO_OPEN B_00013JEBBA 0.9960 19.19 B_00023SHIRORO 1.0000 -15.98
20 L_00013JEBBA-00017GANMO_CLOSED B_00013JEBBA 0.9960 19.19 B_00017GANMO 0.9627 10.98
21 L_00013JEBBA-00010OSHOGBO_CLOSED B_00013JEBBA 0.9960 19.19 B_00010OSHOGBO 0.9649 7.87
 22 L_00014JEBBA GS-00013JEBBA _CLOSED B_00014JEBBA GS 1.0000 19.73 B_00013JEBBA 0.9960 19.19
23 L_00015KAINJI-00013JEBBA_CLOSED B_00015KAINJI 1.0000 24.73 B_00013JEBBA 0.9960 19.19
24 L_00016B'KEBBI-00015KAINJI_CLOSED B_00016B'KEBBI 1.0423 16.63 B_00015KAINJI 1.0000 24.73
25 L_00018ALADJA-00019DELTA_CLOSED B_00018ALADJA 0.9974 4.43 B_00019DELTA 1.0000 4.59
26 L_00020SAPELE-00007BENIN_CLOSED B_00020SAPELE 1.0000 4.63 B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51
27 L_00020SAPELE-00018ALADJA _CLOSED B_00020SAPELE 1.0000 4.63 B_00018ALADJA 0.9974 4.43
28 L_00021KADUNNA-000 32JOS TS_CLOSED B_00021KADUNNA 0.9684 -19.85 B_000 32JOS TS 0.9941 -16.80
29 L_00021KADUNNA-00022 KANO_CLOSED B_00021KADUNNA 0.9684 -19.85 B_00022 KANO 0.9657 -20.04
30 L_00023SHIRORO-00021KADUNNA_CLOSED B_00023SHIRORO 1.0000 -15.98 B_00021KADUNNA 0.9684 -19.85
31 L_00023SHIRORO-00024ABUJA _CLOSED B_00023SHIRORO 1.0000 -15.98 B_00024ABUJA 0.9500 -15.08
32 L_00024ABUJA-00033LOKO'JA_CLOSED B_00024ABUJA 0.9500 -15.08 B_00033LOKO'JA 0.9795 -11.44
33 L_00025ONITSHA-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED B_00025ONITSHA 0.9720 -2.39 B_00031N'HAVEN 0.9678 -2.62
34 L_00025ONITSHA-00028ALOJI TS_CLOSED B_00025ONITSHA 0.9720 -2.39 B_00028ALOJI TS 0.9834 -1.38
35 L_00025ONITSHA-00026OKPAI _CLOSED B_00025ONITSHA 0.9720 -2.39 B_00026OKPAI 1.0000 -0.61
36 L_00027ASABA-00025ONITSHA_CLOSED B_00027ASABA 0.9500 -3.60 B_00025ONITSHA 0.9720 -2.39
37 L_00028ALOJI TS-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED B_00028ALOJI TS 0.9834 -1.38 B_00031N'HAVEN 0.9678 -2.62
38 L_00028ALOJI TS-00029ALOJI GS_CLOSED B_00028ALOJI TS 0.9834 -1.38 B_00029ALOJI GS 1.0000 -0.77
39 L_00030AFAM-00028ALOJI TS_CLOSED B_00030AFAM 1.0000 1.73 B_00028ALOJI TS 0.9834 -1.38
40 L_00032JOS TS-00037GOMBE _CLOSED B_00032JOS TS 0.9941 -16.80 B_00037GOMBE 0.9919 -17.60
41 L_00033LOKO'JA-00034AJA'KUTA_CLOSED B_00033LOKO'JA 0.9795 -11.44 B_00034AJA'KUTA 0.9772 -10.41
42 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00035GRERGU_CLOSED B_00034AJA'KUTA 0.9772 -10.41 B_00035GRERGU 1.0000 -15.44
43 L_00034AJA'KUTA-00007BENIN_CLOSED B_00034AJA'KUTA 0.9772 -10.41 B_00007BENIN 0.9809 1.51
44 L_00036MARKURDI-00035GRERGU_CLOSED B_00036MARKURDI 1.0000 -15.44 B_00035GRERGU 1.0000 -15.44
45 L_00036MARKURDI-00032JOS TS_CLOSED B_00036MARKURDI 1.0000 -15.44 B_00032JOS TS 0.9941 -16.80
46 L_00036MARKURDI-00031N'HAVEN_CLOSED B_00036MARKURDI 1.0000 -15.44 B_00031N'HAVEN 0.9678 -2.62
Table 4.6: Contingency Ranking of the Fortified 330KV Grid System

Contingency Records Label Skip Processed Solved Violations OPI Rankings

1 L00003OKEARO-00004IKJAWESTC1 NO YES NO Unsolved 3.0456 1
2 L00036MARKURDI-00035GRERGUC1 NO YES YES 3 3.0109 2
3 L00023SHIRORO-00021KADUNNAC1 NO YES YES 3 2.7768 3
4 L00004IKJAWEST-00001EGBINC1 NO YES YES 2 2.4563 4
5 L00036MARKURDI-00032JOSTSC1 NO YES YES 2 2.3213 5
6 L00033LOKO'JA-00034AJA'KUTAC1 NO YES YES 2 2.0125 6
7 L00013JEBBA-00023SHIROROC1 NO YES YES 1 1.0348 7
8 L00030AFAM-00028ALOJITSC1 NO YES YES 1 1.0235 8
9 L000250NITSHA-00026OKPAIC1 NO YES YES 1 1.0129 9
10 L00023SHIRORO-00024ABUJAC1 NO YES YES 1 0.9675 10
11 L00034AJA'KUTA-00007BENINC1 NO YES YES 1 0.9308 11
12 L00021KADUNNA-00022KANOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.8654 12
13 L00032JOSTS-00037GOMBEC1 NO YES YES 0 0.7878 13
14 L00036MARKURDI-00031N'HAVENC1 NO YES YES 0 0.6987 14
15 L000100SHOGBO-00012IHOVBORC1 NO YES YES 0 0.6698 15
16 L00024ABUJA-00033LOKO'JAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.6456 16
17 L00004IKJAWEST-00006OMO'SHOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.6034 17
18 L00013JEBBA-00017GANMOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.5049 18
19 L00005AKANGBA-00004IKJAWESTC1 NO YES YES 0 0.4562 19
20 L00006OMO'SHO-00007BENINC1 NO YES YES 0 0.4209 20
21 L00004IKJAWEST-000100SHOGBOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.4012 21
22 L00007BENIN-00019DELTAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.3435 22
23 L00020SAPELE-00018ALADJAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.3298 23
24 L00007BENIN-000250NITSHAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.3187 24
25 L000100SHOGBO-00017GANMOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.3002 25
26 L00011AYEDE-000100SHOGBOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.2678 26
27 L00034AJA'KUTA-00035GRERGUC1 NO YES YES 0 0.2567 27
28 L00028ALOJITS-00031N'HAVENC1 NO YES YES 0 0.2341 28
29 L00003OKEARO-00001EGBINC1 NO YES YES 0 0.2214 29
30 L00014JEBBAGS-00013JEBBAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.2107 30
31 L00015KAINJI-00013JEBBAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.1798 31
32 L00001EGBIN-00007BENINC1 NO YES YES 0 0.1509 32
33 L00012IHOVBOR-00007BENINC1 NO YES YES 0 0.1487 33
34 L00016B'KEBBI-00015KAINJIC1 NO YES YES 0 0.1205 34
35 L00018ALADJA-00019DELTAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.1106 35
36 L00002AJA-00001EGBINC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0985 36
37 L00020SAPELE-00007BENINC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0768 37
38 L00008SEKETE-00004IKJAWESTC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0745 38
39 L00021KADUNNA-00032JOSTSC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0640 39
40 L00013JEBBA-000100SHOGBOC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0567 40
41 L00011AYEDE-00009OLO'SHOGC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0468 41
42 L00009OLO'SHOG-00004IKJAWESTC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0342 42
43 L00027ASABA-000250NITSHAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0310 43
44 L000250NITSHA-00028ALOJITSC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0245 44
45 L000250NITSHA-00031N'HAVENC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0228 45
46 L00028ALOJITS-00029ALOJIGSC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0210 46
47 L00037GOMBE-00040YOLAC1 NO YES YES 0 0.0167 47
Figure 4.4: Unviolated Line Voltage Profile of Onitsha-N'haven Transmission Line (L_25 to L_31)
 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

GO TO SIMULATED RESULTS
 CONCLUSION

This thesis presented:

 A complete mathematical model of contingency ranking using NRLF

technique.

Major system parameters such as bus voltages and active power flow
through transmission lines were computed

it was asserted that the computation of the Overall Performance Index (OPI)
provides a means of knowing the severity of all probable line contingencies
that occur in the Nigerian grid network.
 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

Figure 4.3: Single Line Diagram of the Fortified 330KV Grid System with JEBBA-SHIRORO Line Opened
 additional features
 New Transmission Lines Should be Introduced Between:
 Markurdi to Geregu
 New- Haven to Markurdi
 Aloji TS to New-Haven

 Doubling of Existing Single Transmission Line Circuits:

 Onitsha-New Haven
 Onitsha –Aloji TS
 Gombe - Yola
 Damaturu - Maidugri
 Gombe - Dammaturu
 Kadunna - Kano