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PRESENTED BY
RAJKUMAR GARAIN
The present dissertation has been done through an
empirical study conducted in a village of the Birbhum district of
West Bengal. The study attempts of farm mechanisation and its
impact on the levels of output, income and employment. This study
is organised in the following chapters which appear subsequently;
• A survey of relevant literature
• The statement and the problems and objective of the study
• The nature and data methodology used
• The findings of the study
• Conclusion and implications
LITERATURE SURVEY
I have studied the following literatures :-
Labour Use In Dynamic Agriculture: Evidence From Punjab by
AS Oberai and Iftikar Ahmed
The irrigation endowment of the village is highly satisfactory as canal water is available
during the summer season of paddy and there are mechanised instruments of irrigation such as
submersible pumps in sufficient numbers. The extend of mechanisation in the village in terms of other
instruments and machinery is also noticeable. There six tractors under operations in the village at
present.
TABLE-1
VARIBLE SIZE GROUPS VALUES
<0<=2.5 4.18
<5<=10 5.9
<10 9
Overall 4.74
<0<=2.5 55.43
<5<=10 54.24
<10 55.56
Overall 53.59
VARIBLE SIZE GROUPS VALUES
<0<=2.5 44.57
<2.5<=5 50
<5<=10 43.76
Percentage of Female
<10 44.44
Overall 46.41
<0<=2.5 3.5
<2.5<=5 3.63
<10 6.5
Overall 3.92
<0<=2.5 83.7
<2.5<=5 85.29
<10 72.22
Overall 82.7
VARIBLE SIZE GROUPS VALUES
<0<=2.5 1.77
<2.5<=5 1.81
Mean No Of Workers
<5<=10 2.3
<10 3
Overall 1.94
<0<=2.5 42.39
<2.5<=5 42.65
<10 66.67
Overall 40.93
<0<=2.5 68.83
<2.5<=5 67.24
<10 92.31
Overall 71.43
TABLE-2
Hours of Use, Values and Employment days Of Different machinery
<0<=2.5 0.78
<2.5<=5 0.91
<10 0.75
Overall 0.68
<0<=2.5 703.56
<2.5<=5 816.2
<5<=10 582.63
Tractor Value 695.39 116.32 16.8
<10 679.17
Overall 552.28
<0<=2.5 0.22
<2.5<=5 0.25
<5<=10 0.16
Tractor 0.2 0.04 18.8
Employment <10 0.19
Overall 0.2
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5 17.6
<2.5<=5 15.61
<5<=10 17.05
Submersible 16.13 0.86 5.13
Hours
<10 17.17
Overall 16.28
<0<=2.5 1000
<2.5<=5 1000 1000 0 0
Submersible <5<=10 1000
values
<10 1000
Overall 1000
<0<=2.5 0.22
<2.5<=5 0.25
Submersible <5<=10 0.16 4.3 0.08 1.9
Employment
days <10 0.19
Overall 0.17
<0<=2.5 1.64
<2.5<=5 1.26
Sprayer Hour <5<=10 1.07 1.1 0.43 37.4
<10 0.61
Overall 0.92
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5 42.66
<2.5<=5 28.7
<5<=10 19.22
Sprayer Value 26.23 12.3 47.1
<10 14.58
Overall 16.39
<0<=2.5 0.41
<2.5<=5 0.32
<5<=10 0.27
Sprayer 0.2 0.11 37.7
Employment <10 0.15
Days
Overall 0.29
<0<=2.5 4.97
<2.5<=5 4.87
Threshing <5<=10 4.32 4.2 1.04 24.7
Machine Hour
<10 2.71
Overall 3.92
<0<=2.5 140.59
<2.5<=5 138.35
<5<=10 123.68 120.01 29.3 24.4
Threshing
Machine Value <10 77.42
Overall 98.31
VARIBLE0.44 SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5 4.35
<2.5<=5 4.26
<5<=10 3.78
Trashing 3.6 0.91 24.7
Machine
Employment <10 2.37
Days
Overall 3.01
<0<=2.5 0.85
<2.5<=5 0.92
<10 0.7
Overall 0.78
<0<=2.5 729.1
<2.5<=5 831.11
<5<=10 513.51 691.24 162.15 23.46
Tractor Value
<10 628.84
Overall 598.31
<0<=2.5 0.21
<2.5<=5 0.23
<5<=10 0.14 0.1875 0.04 21.5
Tractor
Employment <10 0.17
Overall 0.18
SIZE GROUP VALUES PER Mean S.D C.V
UNIT OF
LAND
<0<=2.5 59.15
<2.5<=5 53.17
<10 53.08
Overall 54.39
<0<=2.5 1500
<2.5<=5 1500
Submersible values <5<=10 1500 1500 0 0
<10 1500
Overall 1500
<0<=2.5 14.78
<2.5<=5 13.29
Submersible <5<=10 14.84 14.05 0.88 6.29
Employment days
<10 13.27
Overall 13.74
<0<=2.5
1.8617
<2.5<=5
1.44526
Sprayer Hour
<5<=10 1.36 0.38 28.32
1.125
<10
1
Overall 4.08211
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5
44.6809
<2.5<=5
32.8467
<5<=10 32.51 8.69 26.72
Sprayer Value 26.5625
<10
25.9615
Overall 31.89
<0<=2.5 0.47
<2.5<=5 0.361315
<5<=10
0.34 0.1 20.66
0.28125
Sprayer
Employment <10
0.25
Days
Overall 1.02
<0<=2.5 5.75439
<2.5<=5 4.35556
5.12 0.71 13.84
Threshing <5<=10
Machine Hour
<10 5.25
Overall 5.145455
<0<=2.5 200
<2.5<=5 112
154 44.14 28.66
<5<=10
Threshing
Machine Value <10 150
Overall 154.286
VARIBLE0.44 SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5
5.04
<2.5<=5
3.81
<5<=10
Trashing 3.36 2.3 45.61
0
Machine
Employment <10
Days 4.59
Overall
4.50
<0<=2.5 0.32
<2.5<=5 1
0.55 0.31 56.09
Combined <5<=10 0.44
Harvester Hour
<10 0.42
Overall 0.49
<0<=2.5 285.88
<2.5<=5 900
492.57 276.28 50480.2
Combined <5<=10 399.84
Harvester Value
<10 384.54
Overall 441.86
<0<=2.5 0.08
<2.5<=5 0.25
0.14 0.08 56.1
Combined <5<=10 0.11
Harvester
Employment <10 0.12
Overall 0.12
MUSTARD
TABLE-4
VARIBLE SIZE GROUPS VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5
1.49
<2.5<=5
1.04
<5<=10 1.07909 0.28717 26.6124
Tractor Hour 0.92
<10
0.86
Overall
1.08
<0<=2.5
1344.74
<2.5<=5
938.82
Tractor Value
<5<=10
830
971.247 258.472 26.6124
<10
771.43
Overall
975
<0<=2.5
0.37355
<2.5<=5
0.26059
Tractor 0.27 0.07 26.61
Employment <5<=10
0.23067
<10
0.21429
Overall
0.25
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5
2.68966
<2.5<=5
5.04348
<5<=10
Submersible 4 3.4 1.4 41.09
Hours
<10
1.88235
Overall
3.4382
<0<=2.5 268.97
<2.5<=5 382.7
287.47 81.17 28.24
Submersible <5<=10 310
values
<10 188.24
Overall 292.16
<0<=2.5 1.25
<2.5<=5 1.33
Submersible <5<=10 0.47
Employment
<10 0.76 0.64 83.87
days 0
Overall 0.94
<0<=2.5 5
<2.5<=5 5.33333
3.05 2.56 83.87
Sprayer Hour <5<=10 1.88235
<10 0
Overall 3.76963
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER
BIGHA
<5<=10
4
<10
Overall
8.28
Diesel pump <0<=2.5
1285.71
Values
<2.5<=5
Overall
827.586
Diesel pump <0<=2.5
3.21
Employment
Days <2.5<=5
0
<5<=10 1.05 1.52 143.86
1
<10
0
Overall
2.07
POTATO
VARIBLE SIZE GROUPS VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5
0.74545
<2.5<=5
1
<5<=10
Tractor Hour 1.875
<10
0.66667
Overall
1.13191 1.07178 0.55405 51.6945
<0<=2.5
136.364
<2.5<=5
0
Tractor Value <5<=10
1687.5
<10
600
Overall
797.872 605.966 765.392 126.309
<0<=2.5
0.18636
<2.5<=5
0.25
Tractor <5<=10
Employment
0.46875
<10
0.16667
Overall
0.28298 0.26795 0.13851 51.6945
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER UNIT
OF LAND
<0<=2.5
4.28571 72.6786 114.615 157.702
<2.5<=5
205
<5<=10
Submersible
8.75
Hours
<10
Overall
99.3023
<0<=2.5 428.571 601.19 239.8 39.8876
<2.5<=5 500
Submersible <5<=10 875
values
<10
Overall 627.907
<0<=2.5 1.07143
<2.5<=5 51.25
Submersible <5<=10 2.1875
Employment
days <10 0
Overall 24.83 15.8669 25.0977 158.177
<0<=2.5 20 10.6875 8.47883 0.79334
<2.5<=5 14
Sprayer Hour <5<=10 8.75
<10 0
Overall 13.3333
VARIBLE SIZE GROUP VALUES Mean S.D C.V
PER
BIGHA
Diesel pump <0<=2.5
Hours 21.6667 14.8333 9.66379 65.1492
<2.5<=5
<5<=10
8
<10
Overall
15.4545
Diesel <0<=2.5 5.41667 1.85417 2.55529 137.813
employment
<2.5<=5 0
days
<5<=10 2
<10 0
Overall 3.86364
Diesel pump <0<=2.5 666.667 385.389 250.231 64.9294
values
<2.5<=5 302
<5<=10 187.5
<10
Overall 334.222
Machinery Size group Percentage mean s.d c.v
value
Tractor <0<=2.5 20.62 25.07 10.32 41.19
<2.5<=5 36.73
<5<=10 29.77
<10 13.15
Overall 27.28
submarsible <0<=2.5
20.1107
<2.5<=5
31.5498
<5<=10
35.0554
<10
13.2841
Overall 29.21 25 10.0859 40.3437
sprayer <0<=2.5
29.0076 25 11.6834 46.7335
<2.5<=5
32.8244
<5<=10
30.5344
<10
7.63359
Overall 22.28