Summary

Computer System
 Mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place. It can be fit
on your lap or your hand.

 Mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or

thousands of connected users simultaneously. It is a partial room to a full room size of
equipment.

 Supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive. It is a full
room size of equipment.

 Miniframe computer Typically supported 10 to 100 users, smaller and less expensive than
mainframes. The real difference is relative in terms of price, power, marketing.

 Personal Computer is Small, self-contained computers with their own CPUs. It is Used by
home and business users. It uses a microprocessor, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) on
a single chip.

 Embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in

large product.
Hardware
 In system units, it contains:
 Motherboard – the main circuit of a computer containing the
microprocessor chip/CPU. IC chips and devices such as peripherals
are attached to this board.
 Central Processing Unit (CPU) – also called a processor, is the
electronic device that interprets and carries out the instructions
that operate the computer.
 Memory (RAM) – a chip that provides temporary storage to
hold data and instructions
 Adapter/ expansion card – a circuit board that adds devices /
functionalities to the computer
 Bus – a signal route / electrical channels within a computer to
which several items may be connected, to transfer signals between
them
 Pots and connectors – the connection points that allow
input/output devices to be connected to the internal bus of a
processor
Software
 Application Software
◦ MS Word, Excel, etc….

 System Software
◦ Operating system
 Theory behind Software
 Programming language
◦ Machine language
◦ Assembly language
◦ Third generation language
 Procedural language
 Tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it.
 machine-independent language
 instructions are written as a series of English-like words.
◦ Forth generation language
 Non-procedural language
 easy to use that users with very little programming background can develop
programs using a fourth-generation language.
 Many 4GLs work in combination with a database and its project dictionary.
◦ Fifth generation language
 designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the programmer.
 Mainly used in AI.
 The user only needs to worry about what problems need to be solved and what
conditions need to be met, without worrying about how to implement a routine
or algorithm to solve them
Procedural Language
 A procedural language is a type of
computer programming language that
specifies a series of well-structured steps
and procedures within its programming
context to compose a program. It
contains a systematic order of statements,
functions and commands to complete a
computational task or program.
Computer Aided Design Software
 software is a sophisticated type of
application software that assists a user in
engineering, architectural and scientific
designs
Database
 A database is a collection of information that
is organized so that it can be easily accessed,
managed and updated.

 Data is organized into rows, columns and

tables, and it is indexed to make it easier to
find relevant information.
 Data gets updated, expanded and deleted as
new information is added. Databases process
workloads to create and update themselves,
querying the data they contain and running
applications against it.
 Database
 Relational Database
◦ standard user and application program interface for a
relational database. (SQL)
 Cloud Database
◦ database that has been optimized or built for a
virtualized environment, either in a hybrid cloud, public
cloud or private cloud.
 Distributed Database
◦ a database in which portions of the database are
stored in multiple physical locations, and in which
processing is dispersed or replicated among different
points in a network.
Internet
 Function
◦ Two way communication (chat)
◦ One way streaming (youtube)
◦ Data Transfer (Email, messenger)
◦ Information Browsing (google, world wide
web)
Why computer is essential?
 Speed – Many computers process billions or trillions of
operations in a single second.

 Reliability – The electronic components in modern computers are

dependable because they rarely break or fail.

 Consistency – Given the same input and processes, a computer

will produce the same results.

 Storage – Many computers can store large amounts of data and

make this data available for processing anytime it is needed.

 Communications – Many computers can communicate with

other computers, often wirelessly, to share the four information
processing cycle operations with another computer or a user.
THE END