OBLIGATIONS

ARISING FROM LAW

RIANGELLI EXCONDE
MBA2A-R
ARTICLE 1156

•An obligation is a juridical

necessity to give, to do or not to
do. (n)
ARTICLE 1157

Obligations arise from:

• (1) Law;
• (2) Contracts;
• (3) Quasi-contracts;
• (4) Acts or omissions punished by law; and
• (5) Quasi-delicts. (1089a)
ARTICLE 1158

• Obligations derived from law are not presumed.

Only those expressly determined in this Code or
in special laws are demandable, and shall be
regulated by the precepts of the law which
establishes them; and as to what has not been
foreseen, by the provisions of this Book. (1090)
EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM LAW

• Scenario 1:

• Ana just recently graduated from college and wants to immediately apply for a job. The
company she applied gave her a job offer and she signed and accepted the position. Now that
she is earning and is part of the workforce, she is now entitled or obliged to pay taxes. These
taxes are her income tax.

• In this scenario, the obligation that arises from law is the payment of taxes which is stated
according to the National Internal Revenue Code
EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM LAW

• Scenario 2:

• Mark and Grace got married in 2017 and now had a new addition to the family which is their first
child. Grace gave birth to a baby boy name Matthew. Matthew as their child must be supported by
both parents in terms of sustenance, dwelling, clothing and medical attendance in accordance to the
social position of the family. The support also includes education until he completes it even beyond
the age of majority.

• In this scenario, the obligation that arises from law is the duty of the parents of Matthew to support
in accordance to Civil Code of the Philippines Art. 290
EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM LAW

• Scenario 3:

• Arts and Visual Company is a registered private company in the Philippines with 10,000 employees
in their 5 branches around the country. As “Ber” months are approaching, their employees are
getting excited towards the Holiday Season due to the 13th month pay. Arts and Visual announces in
their email to their employees that they will release the 13th month to all employees on December
7, 2019.

• In this scenario, the obligation that arises from law is the duty of Arts and Visual Company to give
the 13th month pay to all employees, pro-rated or not on or before December 24. It is a mandatory
benefit of employees in accordance to Labor Law and Presidential Decree 851.
EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM LAW

• Scenario 4:

• Rex, a legal age citizen just recently finished his driving lessons in Olivarez Driving School as he
bought a new Xpander Misubishi Car. Rex has a student license at the moment and after his
graduation from the lessons, he wants to apply for a Driver’s License in order to use his new
vehicle. He went to LTO for application and got processed with written and practical exam to take.
He passed and got his license afterwards. Now that he freely can drive on his own, his license must
be brought at all times whenever he is driving as a proof of his ability to operate the vehicle.

• In this scenario, the obligation that arises from law is the duty of any driver to have a license. This is
in accordance to the Land Transportation Traffic Code or Republic Act 4136 SECTION 19.
EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM LAW

• Scenario 5:

• Rfiled Company as a new registered company in the Philippines has 10 employees. During their
payout period, the employees are encouraged to check their pay slips for possible disputes and
concerns. May, as one of the employees noticed that there is no contribution deduction for her pay
slip for SSS which is supposed to be the scheduled deduction on their payout. May reported this to
their HR and found out that the company did not pay the contribution for the month. May, together
with other employees filed a case to Rfiled due to the incident. In this scenario, Rfiled should be
contributing to the required benefit contribution which is SSS or GSIS, Pag-ibig and Philhealth.

• In this scenario, the obligation that arises from law is the duty of Rfiled Company as an employer to
contribute their and their employees’ contribution to the required benefits (SSS, Pag-ibig and
Philhealth) in accordance to Labor code Republic Act No. 8282 or the Social Security Law
THANK YOU!