Holism and Gestalt

Jeremy Llose and Mark Yuri Lazarra

Holism and gestalt
• In 1926, General Jan C. Smuts, a South African
statesman, military leader, and philosopher,
wrote about holism in his book Holism and
Evolution. He introduced the academic
terminology for holism as the “tendency in
nature to form wholes which are greater than
the sum of the parts through creative
evolution.”
Holism and gestalt
• Earlier in 1890, a German philosopher and
psychologist, Christian von Ehrehfels, and
later on supported by psychologists Max
Wertheimer, Kurt, Koffka, and Wolfgang
Kohler of the Berlin School, introduced the
concept of gestalt. This is defined by Merriam-
Webster Dictionary as “something that is made
of many parts and yet is somehow more than
or different from the combination of its parts;
broadly, the general quality or character of
something.” This theory continues to influence
much of psychology and education today.
The Various aspects of Holistic
Development of Persons
Ray Benedict Corocotchia
The Various Aspects of Holistic
Development of Persons
When we consider a human person and what various
aspects make up this complex organism, five aspects
come to mind:
1. Physiological or the physical attributes
including the 5 physical senses;
2. Cognitive or the intellectual functions of the
mind: thinking, recognizing, reasoning,
analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling,
and assessing;
The Various Aspects of Holistic
Development of Persons
3) Psychological or how thinking, feeling, and
behaving interact and happen in a person;
4) Social or the manner by which an individual
interacts with other individuals or groups of
individuals; and
5) Spiritual or the attribute of a person’s
consciousness and beliefs, including the
values and virtues that guide and put
meaning into a person’s life.
Basic Drives and Affect
Gwen Velarde
Basic Drives and Affect
• Psychologists often refer to basic human drives
as those that are biologically related such as
hunger and thirst. Affect, on the other hand, is
the various emotional experiences such as
emotions, moods, and affective traits (Feist &
Rosenberg 2012)
• Emotion is taken from the Latin verb, movare,
which means to move or be upset or agitated.
Basic Drives and Affect
• Feelings, moods, and emotions do not exactly
mean one and the same. Paul Ekman of the
University of California identified six basic
emotions that human beings experience:
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and
disgust. However, a latest research study (2014)
undertaken by the University of Glasgow's
Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology and
published in the journal Current Biology found
that there are only four fundamental feelings:
happy, sad, afraid or surprised, angry or
disgusted.
Attitudes and Behiaviors
Janelle Maxene Torno
 Attitudes and Behaviors
• Attitudes are a person’s thoughts, feelings, and
emotions about another, object, idea, behavior,
or situation. Attitude is a result of a person’s
evaluation of an experience with another
person, object, idea, behavior, or situation
based on his or her values or beliefs systems.
Beliefs and certain values therefore, affect the
attitude of a person.
• Behavior is a manifestation or acting out the
attitudes an individual has.
Values and Virtues
Christian Emmanuel C. Navarro
 Values and Virtues
• At the core of every person lies a system of
beliefs that adheres to the highest ideals of
human existence. These ideals create meaning
and purpose in a person’s life. These ideals are
called values.
• We will refer to values in this chapter as the
universal human values that transcend culture
and race.
 Values and Virtues
• Shalom H. Schwartz, a psychologist and cross-
cultural researcher from Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, conducted a research to identify the
ten common values people have regardless of
their racial and cultural backgrounds:
 The 10 Basic Values
1. Self-Direction – independent thought and action;
choosing creating and exploring
2. Stimulation – excitement, novelty, and challenge
in life
3. Hedonism – pleasure and sensuous gratification
for oneself
4. Achievement – personal success through
demonstrating competence according to social
standards
5. Power – social status and prestige, and control or
dominance over people and resources
 The 10 Basic Values
6) Security - safety, harmony, stability of society,
or relationships, and of self
7) Conformity – restraint of actions, inclinations,
and impulses that are likely to upset or harm
others and violate social expectations or norms.
8) Traditions – respect, commitment, and
acceptance of the customs and ideas that
traditional culture or religion provide the self
9) Benevolence – preserving and enhancing the
welfare of those with whom one is in frequent
personal contact (the ‘in-group’)
10) Universalism – understanding, appreciation,
tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all
people and of the nature
 Values and Virtues
The motivational goals that characterize the ten
values he identified were:
1. Openness to change;
2. Self-transcendence;
3. Self-enhancement; and
4. conservation
Thank You!
Presented by:
Nieves Grace Juplo
Jeremy Llose
Janelle Maxene Torno
Mark Yuri Lazarra
Christian Emmanuel C. Navarro
Gwen Velarde