Pre colonial-period

 Pre – History
 The cultural achievements of pre-colonial
Philippines include those covered by
prehistory and early history of the
Philippines archipelago and its inhabitants,
which are the indigenous forebears of
todays Filipino people
 The Duetero-Malays, of India-Asiatic
race(Indian, Chinese, Siamese, Arabic), that
prevailed with a more superior and advanced
culture. They possessed their own systems of
writing, knowledge and skill sin agriculture,
metallurgy, jewelry-making as well as boat-
building. When the Spaniards came to the
islands in the 15th century, industries such as
mining, agriculture, fishing and pottery were
already in place and contacts with other
Asian nations had been long established.
 Peopling of the Pre-Colonnial Philippines

 The Negritos were early settlers but their

appearance in the Philippines has not been
reliably dated ; and they were followed by
speakers of the Malayo-Polynesian languages,
 a branch of the Austronesian languages, who
began to arrive in successive waves beginning
about 4000B.C.E, displacing the earlier arrivals By
1000 B.C.
 Pre – Colonial Writing Systems
 During the early period almost everyone in the
society-male or female knows how to read and write.
They have their own method of writing which they
use sharp-pointed tools, leaves, bamboo and trunk’s
skin. They write from top to bottom and read it from
left to right.
 Pre – Colonial Writing Systems Another account proved after
the discovery of a jar in Calatagan, Batangas. This system of
writing came from the alphabet of Sumatra. The first Visayan,
Tagalog, Ilocano and some ethic groups have their own dialect
and form of writing too.
They have an alphabet composed of 17letters; 3 of which are
vowels and 14 are consonants. The Muslims have also their
own system basing on there dialect.
This is called kirim of Maranao and jiwi of the Tausug, which
they are still using
 Pre – Colonial Form of Government Before the
Spaniards came into the Philippines there were
existing culture of the Filipinos which were not
distinguished by most of the filipinos especially for
the new born filipino citizens. The Filipinos lived in
settlements called barangays before the
colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. As
the unit of government, a barangay consisted from
30 to 100 families. It was headed by a datu and
was independent from the other group.
Spanish Era
Spanish Colonization (1521 - 1898)
•. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
• 1. Balagtasan
• 2. Corrido
• 3. Awit
•4. Pasyon
•5. Cenaculo
• 6. Moro-moro
• 7. Carillo
• 8. Tibag
•9. Duplo at karagatan
•10. Zarsuela
• 11. Dalit
 1.THE BALAGTASAN
 Balagtasan is a form of debate using poetic verse. The
name of the literary form itself originates from Francisco
Balagtas, a hugely influential Filipino poet from the late
1800’s.
 Balagtasan came about, at least politically, as the
manifestation of Filipino sentiment in that a sense of self
and identity was lost due to American rule.
 It strives to declare independence from America by
highlighting Filipino culture such as their old customs and
traditions.
 Corrido-Metrical romance
 are long verse narratives on chivalric-heroic, religious,
legendary and folkloric themes. 'Koridos' or 'corridos,' as
Philippine romances are generally called, are heavily
influenced by foreign literature. . These have measures of
eight syllables (octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat.
 E.g Ibong Adarna
 Awit
a heroic-chilvaric narrative poem. These have
measures of twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic)
and slowly sung to the accompaniment of guitar
or banduria.
 E.g.
Florante at Laura of Francisco Baltazar
“Balagtas”
 Pasyon

The Pasyón (Spanish: Pasión) is a Philippine epic

narrative of the life of Jesus Christ, focused on his
Passion, Death, and Resurrection. In stanzas of five
lines of eight syllables each, the standard
elements of epic poetry are interwoven with a
colourful, dramatic theme
The senakulo is a traditional Filipino dramatization of the life and
times of Jesus Christ. Done in singing (pasyon) and recitation, it is
presented in the public squares in many towns, in houses and
streets during the season of Lent.
The Senakulo (from the Spanish cenaculo) is a Lenten play that
depicts events from the Old and New Testaments related to the
life, sufferings, and death of Christ. Cenaculo It takes at least
eight nights - from Palm Sunday to Eastern Sunday - to present
the play. Christ is presented traditionally as meek and humble,
submitting lamb- like to his fate in obedience to authority.
 Moro-moro or comedia de capa y espada
 a blood and thunder melodrama which
depicted the conflict between the Christians
and the Muslims. Of course the Christians always
emerged as victors in the struggle.
 Carillo
 shadow play (similar to puppet show) was
made of cardboard figures projected on a
white screen. The manipulator supply the action
and the dialogue. Puppetry in the Philippines
started since the time of Dr. Jose Rizal, our
national hero, when he staged the play entitled
“CARILLO” or shadow puppetry. Rizal used a
carton and a stick and he placed this at the
back of a white cloth. Then he used a candle
light at the back of the puppets.
 Tibag
a dramatic re-enactment of St. Helena’s
search for the Holy cross was usually
performed in May. 1The word tibag means
to excavate. This ritual was brought here
by the Spaniards to remind the people
about the serach of St, Helena for the
cross on which Jesus died.
 Karagatan
 This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated
during the death of a person.
 In this contest, more or less formal, a ritual is performed based
on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring into the
middle of the sea and who offered here hand in marriage to
anyone who can retrieve it.
 A leader starts off with an extemporaneous poem announcing
the purpose. He then spins a “lumbo” o “tabo” marked with a
white line. Whoever comes in the direction of the white line
when the spinning stops gets his turn to “go into the sea to look
for the ring.” This means a girl will ask him a riddle and if he is
able to answer, he will offer the ring to the girl.
 Duplo
 TheDuplo replace the Karagatan. This is a poetic
joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are
taken from the Bible and from proverbs and
saying. It is usually played during wakes for the
dead.
 Zarzuela (Walang Sugat)
 musical comedy or melodrama in three
acts
The Propaganda and
Revolutionary Period
 The three foremost Propagandists
 Jose Rizal (“Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibustirismo”)
exposed the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines.
 Marcelo del Pilar (essays and editorials in Diariong Tagalog
which he founded)
 Graciano Lopez-Jaena (stirring articles in La Solidaridad of
which he was editor) Because of the failure of the
propagandists to get the much needed reforms they were
asking from Spain, (in fact, many of them were politically
persecuted) the Revolutionary Movement took over.
Propaganda Movement which was reformatory in
objective had for its members college students mostly
based in Spain.
 Social Classes
 Peninsulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in the
Philippines and born in Spain.
 Insulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in the
Philippines and born in the Philippines as well.
 Ilustrados (The Enlightened Ones) -Wealthy
group of individuals born in the Philippines and
were able to study abroad.
 Chinese/Spanish Mestizos - People with mixed
racial origins and economically sufficient.
 Indio - Native/Full-blooded Filipinos.
 Sangley - Full-blooded Chinese living in the
Philippines.
 Naturales - brown-skinned Christianized native
Malays of the lowland and coastal towns.
 Salvajes orinfieles - savages or infidels.
 Remontados - those who refused to live in towns and
took to the hills.
 Tulisanes (bandits) - all of whom were considered to
live outside the social order.
 Mode of Dressing
 The elegant and luxurious clothing and accoutrements worn
by the upper and middle classes reflect the prosperity they
enjoyed in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Adapting features of both European and indigenous
clothing, elite fashion evolved into a metropolitan style
intended to convey the education and civility of Philippine
elites. Displaying their "enlightenment" literally on the body,
they performed for the world a refinement which they
believed made them worthy of equality.
 Piña and Other Luxury Fabrications
 During the nineteenth century, las islas filipinas were
internationally renowned for the production of
garments made of piña, that most transparent of
fabrics—decorated with exquisite open-cutwork
embroidery— woven only in the Philippines from the
leaf fibers of the pineapple plant.
 Ilustrados Illumination and Illusion
 La india elegante y el negrito amante
 Maria Clara Costume as Nation
 Baro't saya
Houses
 In this era, the nipa hut or Bahay Kubo gave way
to the BAHAY NA BATO (stone house) and
became the typical house of noble Filipinos.
 FORT SANTIAGO
 Fort Santiago (Fuerza de Santiago) is a defense fortress built
for Spanish conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi. The fort
is part of the structures of the walled city of Intramuros, in
Manila, Philippines. The location of Fort Santiago was also
once the site of the palace and kingdom of Rajah Suliman,
chieftain of Manila of pre-Spanish era. It was destroyed by
the conquistadors upon arriving in 1570, encountering
several bloody battles with the Muslims and native Tagalogs.
The Spaniards destroyed the native settlements and erected
Fuerza de Santiago in 1571.
 INTRAMUROS
 Intramuros, located along the southern bank
of the Pasig River, was built by the Spaniards in
the 16th century and is the oldest district of the
city of Manila. Its name, taken from the Latin,
intra muros, literally "Within the walls", meaning
within the wall enclosure of the city/fortress,
also describes its structure as it is surrounded by
thick, high walls and moats. During the Spanish
colonial period, Intramuros was considered
Manila itself.
 PACO PARK
 SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH
 Emilio Aguinaldo's house in Kawit, Cavite
 CAPE BOJEADOR LIGHTHOUSE
 Languages
 The language spoken both Spanish and Filipino. But other Indio using their
own dialect.

 Music and Dance

 The jota tends to have a 3/4 rhythm, although some authors maintain that
the 6/8 is better adapted to the poetic and choreographic structure. For
their interpretation, guitars, bandurrias, lutes, dulzaina, and drums are used
in the Castilian style, while the Galicians usebagpipes, drums, and bombos.
Theatrical versions are sung and danced with regional costumes and
castanets, though such things are not used when dancing the jota in less
formal settings. The content of the songs is quite diverse, frompatriotism to
religion to sexual exploits. In addition to this, the songs also have the effect
of helping to generate a sense of local identity and cohesion
Art
 Art of the Philippines is diverse. The art includes:
 Painting
 Dancing
 Weaving
 Sculpting
 Pottery
 Other art forms
AMERICAN PERIOD
1898 – 1941, 1945-1946
 What is the impact of American rule on the Filipinos-
 on their economy, politics, society, and culture?
United States improved the economy and system
of government, where the Filipinos had greater
political participation and more economic gains.
The American rule caused great marks of “colonial
mentality” and the materialistic and individualistic
ways among many Filipinos.
 Education and the School System
 • America’s greatest achievement in the
Philippine was the introduction of the public
school system.
 • Overall, the public school system increased
the number of Filipinos who knew how to
read and write. In 1903, the literacy rate was
44.2%. This rose to 49.2% in 1918, when a
second census was taken.
 Improvement in Trade and Industry
• In 1909, Philippine exports amounted to
60.9 million pesos. In 1910-1914, it rose to
94.7 million pesos. In 1914-1918, the
amount of exports further increased to
177.3 million pesos, and in 1925-1930, the
exports amounted to 297.9 million pesos.
Except during World War I, from 1914-1918,
Philippine foreign trade enjoyed a
favorable balance of trade.
Changes in the Philippines during
the American period
Government
 Democracy
3 Branches
 Executive
 Legislative
 Judiciary
Education
 Public schools were opened up
 Firstteachers were called: Thomasites
Medium of Instruction: English
 Schools Established
 University of the Philippines
 Philippine Normal College
 Other agricultural schools
Religion
 Protestantism was introduced
 Moreor less than 300,000 Filipinos became
protestant
 There was a separation of the church and
state
Infrastructure
 Americans built roads, streets, and bridges
 The new infrastructure helped make the
movement of products and services more
efficient
 Boulevards, zone districts, and centers of
leisure were also established
Entertainment
 Movies became more popular

New kinds of music were introduced

Filipinos learned to watch and play games
Health and Sanitation
•Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene,
and healthy practices
•Hospitals, clinics, and health centers were established
including public hospitals for lepers.

Clothing
•Men: Suits, Polo shirts, ties, and jeans
•Women: Dresses, High-heeled shoes, and handbags
Language
 The English language was widely
taught all over the country
 Filipinos adopted American names
 Members:
 Dave Labao
 Wilmela Villaruz
 Gerico Bernardino
 Mark Louie Cerezo
 Eigeman Go