LESSON OBJECTIVE:

• UNDERSTAND THE DEFINITION OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE,

OTHER RELATED TERMS, AND ITS FORMS AND CONSEQUENCE;
• UNDERSTAND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AS A HUMAN RIGHTS
ISSUE;
• DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE; AND
• DIFFERENTIATE PERPRETRATORS, SURVIVORS, AND VICTIM IN
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE.
WHAT IS GBV?
•VIOLENCE INVOLVING MEN AND WOMEN, IN WHICH
THE FEMALE IS USUALLY THE VICTIM AND WHICH
THE RESULT FROM UNEQUAL POWER
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

• GENDER-BASE VIOLENCE HAS DEVASTATING

CONSEQUENCES NOT ONLY FOR THE VICTIMS, BUT
ALSO FOR SOCIETY AS A WHOLE.
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE RESULTS IN:

•PHYSICAL, SEXUAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM TO

BOTH MEN AND WOMEN AND INCLUDES ANY FORM OF
VIOLENCE
KINDS OF VIOLENCE:
•PHYSICAL VIOLENCE; • Cultural violence;
• Verbal Abuse;
•SEXUAL VIOLENCE; • Financial Abuse; and,
•EMOTIONAL VIOLENCE; • Neglect
•PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE;
•SPIRITUAL VIOLENCE;
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
•WHO CAN EXPERIENCE GBV?
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE UNDERMINES THE HEALTH,
DIGNITY, SECURITY AND AUTONOMY OF ITS VICTIMS, YET IT
REMAINS SHROUDED IN A CULTURE OF SILENCE.

• VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE CAN SUFFER SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

CONSEQUENCES,
• INCLUDING FORCED AND UNWANTED PREGNANCIES, UNSAFE ABORTIONS,
TRAUMATIC FISTULA, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS INCLUDING
HIV, AND EVEN DEATH
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
• MARITAL RAPE • Sexual harassment
• FEMALE GENETAL CUTTING • Trafficking of girls and women
• FORCE MARRIAGE • Domestic workers
• FEMALE INFANTICIDE • Sexual abuse of female children
• OTHER TRADITIONAL PRACTICES HARMFUL
TO WOMEN
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
• GBV CUTS ACROSS PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPHERES
INCLUDING :
- HOME
- SCHOOL
- WORK
- AND TAKES PLACE DURING PEACETIME AND CONFLICT
WHAT IS THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCE OF
THIS KIND OF ACT ?
THESE CONSEQUENCES INCLUDE SERIOUS, IMMEDIATE AND
LONG TERM IMPACTS ON THE SOCIAL, PHYSICAL, AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL OF SURVIVORS.
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

HEALTH CONSEQUENCE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCE SOCIAL CONSEQUENCE

• UNWANTED PREGNANCIES
• COMPLICATIONS FROM UNSAFE ABORTIONS
• SEXUAL TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
• INJURIES
• MENTAL HEALTH
• PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS ( DEPRESSION,
ANXIETY, POST- TRAUMATIC STRESS,
SUICIDE AND DEATH )
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

•FAMILIES
•COMMUNITIES
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

• INCLUDE THE COST OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND

SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM AND THE REDUCED
ABILITY OF MANY SURVIVORS TO PARTICIPATE
IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE.
 GENDER-BASE VIOLENCE
• SURVIVOR PREFERRED TERM
( NOT A VICTIM )
VICTIM
PERPETRATOR
WHO ARE THE PERPETRATOR?
• NON-PARTNER PERPETRATOR
- STRANGER

• INTER PERSONAL PERPETRATOR

- SOME YOU KNOW ( FRIENDS OR FAMILY )

• INTIMATE PARTNER PERPETRATOR

- INTIMATE PARTNER RELATIONSHIP / LOVE
HUMAN RIGHTS
•HUMAN RIGHT INCLUDE THE RIGHT TO LIFE AND LIBERTY,
FREEDOME FROM SAVERY AND TORTURE, FREEDOM OF OPINION
AND EXPRESSION, THE RIGHT TO WORK AND EDUCATION, AND
MANY MORE. EVERYONE IS ENTITLED TO THESE RIGHTS, WITHOUT
DISCRIMINATION.
LESSON OBJECTIVE:
• AT THE END OF THIS CHAPTER YOU ARE EXPECTED TO:
1. IDENTIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEM ABUSE OF POWER AMD GBV;
2. UNDERSTAND THAT THE TERM “VIOLENCE” IN THE CONTECT OF GBV MEANS
USING SOME TYPES OF FORCE, WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT INCLUDE PHYSICAL
FORCE ; AND
3. UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF “INFORMED CONSENT” AND ITS RELATIONSHIP
TO GBV.
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
•THIS SESSION EXPLORES THE MEANING OF
THREE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS BEHIND GBBV:
POWER , USE OF FORCE//VIOLENCE, AND
INFORMED CONSENT.
 POWER
• PERPETRATORS CAN HAVE “ REAL “ OR “PERCEIVED” POWER.
TYPES OF POWER AND POWERFUL PEOPLE ARE THE FOLLOWING
 SOCIAL – PEER PRESSURE BULLYING LEADER, TECHER AND. PARTNER
ECONOMIC – PERPETRATOR CONTROLS THE MONEY OR ACESSS TO GOODSSERVICE/MONEY/FAVORS; SOMETIME
THE HUSBAND OR THE FATHER.
POLITICAL -- PRES. DUTERTE
PHYSICAL – SIZE, USES OF THE WEAPONS, CONTROLLING ACSESS OR SECURITY ‘ SOLDIERS.
GENDER-BASED ( SOCIAL ) – MALES ARE USUALLY POSITION THE
AGE-RELATED - OFTEN THE YOUNG AND ELDERLY PEOPLE HAVE THE LEAST POWER
 GENDER-BASES VIOLENCE
USE OF FORCE / VIOLENCE
• “ FORCE” MIGHT BE PGYSICAL , EMOTIONAL , SOCIAL , OR ECONOMIC IN
NATURE
• FORCE INCLUDES INTIMIDATION, THREATHS, PERSECUTION, OR OTHER
FORMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OR SOCIAL NORMS.
• VIOLENCE CONSISTS OF THE USE OF PHYSICAL FORCE
• USING VIOLENCE INVOLVES FORCING SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING
AGAINST HER/HIS WILL.
 GENDER-BASE VIOLENCE
INFORMED CONSENT
• CONSENT MEANS SAYING “YES” AGREEING TO SOMETHING
• MEANS MAKING AN INFORMED CHOICE FREELY AND VOLUNTARILY BY
PERSONS IN AN EQUAL POWER RELATIONSHIP
 GENDER-BASE VIOLENCE
• ACTS OF GBV OCCURS WITHOUT INFORMED CONSENT.
• EVEN IF SHE SAYS “YES” THIS IS NOT TRUE CONSENT BECAUSE IT WAS
UNDER DURESS ( THE PERPETRATOR USED SOME KIND OF FORCE TO GET
HER TO SAY YES )
• CHILDREN UNDER 18 ARE DEEMED UNABLE TO FIVE INFORMED CONSENT
FOR ACTS SUCH AS FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING (FGC), MARRIAGE , SEXUAL
RELATION, ETC.
CYCLE OF VIOLENCE
•THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE REFERS TO REPEATED ACTS OF VIOLENCE
IN A RELATIONSHIP
•IT STARTS WITH A MINOR INCIDENTS AND MOVES ON TO MORE
SERIOUS LEVELS OF VIOLENCE.
CYCLE OF VIOLENCE
• THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE MAY START IN A CHILD WHO IS A VICTIM OR
WITNESS TO VIOLENCE AND MAY BE REPEATED WHEN THE CHILD BECOMES
AN ADULT
CYCLE OF VIOLENCE
• THE IMPACT OF BEING VICTIM OR A WITNESS TO VIOLENCE ON A CHILD IS TRAUMATIC
• IT CAN MAKE THE CHILD SCARED, UNHAPPY, LONELY, LOSE SELF-CONFIDENCE, BLAME
THEMSELVES, LOSE SLEEP, AND PICK UP FIGHTS WITH PEERS
 CYCLE OF VIOLENCE
• CHILDREN SHOULD UNDERSTAND THAT HAVING CONFLICT IS ALRIGHT, BUT RESOLVING
CONFLICT THROUGH VIOLENCE IS NOT RIGHT
• WHEN CHILDREN UNDERSTAND THE VIOLENCE IS NOT ACCEPTABLE, THEY WILL GROW
UP INTO ADULTS WHO RESPECT OTHERS PEOPLE.