■

■
■
■

■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
 A B C

150 3750 4250 150

600 dp x 300
1

500
150

400 dp x 300

150

3450
200 1650
150
wall

SFL = 112.150
Up Down

150
X X
2
400 dp x 300 Column
500 x 300

150
150

600 dp x 300
3

FLOOR LAYOUT

All columns 300 x 300, centred on grid unless noted otherwise

SFL = 112.150

600 600 600

150
300

SECTION X - X

Figure 4.1
Example of general arrangement plan for a concrete structure

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
 Y

B L
B
Z
X
L

L L

Figure 4.2 Typical pilecap sizes

L-bars to provide anchorage,

attached to pile reinforcement
with couplers
Owen Brooker Top of Pile cut down to
pilecap cut-off level
19.09.06
Fig 4.2 Version 2
Damp-proof
membrane

75 mm Blinding 75 mm

Pile reinforcement

a) Pile and pilecap connection b) Pile and pilecap connection for

large diameter bars

Figure 4.3
Pile and pilecap connections

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Fig 4.3 Version 2
 Internal wall
In-situ concrete
Screed
Mesh reinforcement Damp-proof
FFL course Insulation
In-situ RC
slab Damp-proof
Insulation membrane
Blinding Blinding

Damp-proof Well compacted

membrane Well compacted
sub-base sub-base
Blinding
Blinding

a) Internal strip foundation b) Perimeter strip foundation

Façade Facade

In-situ screed
In-situ RC slab on sub-base
Damp-proof Reinforcement
course TOC

Insulation
Damp-proof
Top of pilecap
course
Damp-proof 100 mm
membrane Precast hollowcore unit
Blinding
Well compacted
Blinding Concrete strip foundation
sub-base

Blinding
c) Typical perimeter pile cap and ground bearing d) Strip foundation supporting pre-cast unit
slab interface

Existing New RC column

column
Resin-anchored starter bars
RC slab

Damp-proof
membrane

Blinding 450
Sub-base min 75
Existing New concrete Resin-anchored dowel
concrete foundation bars
foundation

e) Strengthening existing foundation f) Connection of column to pad foundation

Figure 4.4
Shallow foundations 1

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Figure 4.4 v2
 Longitudinal joint
Reinforced Reinforced concrete
concrete column Outline of column Proprietary joint sealant 20 mm wide
base below slab

Transverse joint Isolation joint

(where provided) (See Section
A A below) DPC Sub-base
Compressible filler board 20 mm wide

a) Isolation joint around concrete column: plan d) Wall isolation joint

RC wall
Existing
masonry Concrete foundation
Longitudinal joint
wall
Outline of base
below slab
Damp-proof
membrane
A A

Transverse joint
Blinding
Isolation joint (where provided)

Assumed foundation Mass concrete

to existing wall

b) Isolation joint at steel stanchion: plan e) New structure allowed to load existing building
foundations

Existing
Concrete surround to 20 mm soft joint masonry wall
Compressible filler board stanchion baseplate Foundation
20 mm wide, joint sealed constructed to finished
with proprietary sealant floor level Compressible
Damp-proof material
membrane
Mass concrete

Blinding
Mass concrete
Sub-base Damp-proof
membrane 50 mm soft joint
filled with
Blinding compressible
material Assumed foundation
to existing wall
c) Section A A f) New structure isolated from existing building
foundations

Figure 4.5
Shallow foundations 2

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Figure 4.5 v2
 300 mm wide
granular backfill

Water-bar
Weep hole
Drainage pipe

Large radius bend Large radius bend

if required if required

a) Reinforced concrete cantilever wall b) Reinforced concrete basement wall

x
Precast concrete

Mass concrete

In-situ concrete
base d

c) Precast concrete crib wall d) Mass concrete gravity wall

Figure 4.6
Retaining structures

Owen Brooker
19.09.06
Figure 4.6 v2
 Superstructure
Ground floor slab
Superstructure

Reinforced
concrete King post
ground beam Ground floor slab
Reinforced concrete
column
X X

In-situ concrete to give Y Y

Secant pile Reinforced concrete
flush surface for
wall
waterproofing system basement wall
Waterproofing to internal or
Precast concrete external surface of basement
lagging panels wall as required
Basement slab Basement slab

Pile

Connection between basement slab

and secant wall if required

a) Secant pile wall used as part of permanent structure c) Temporary king post wall

In-situ concrete
Superstructure Secant pile
wall

Reinforced
concrete Ground floor slab
capping beam
Section X X
Reinforced concrete
column

Z Z
Reinforced Waterproofing to internal
concrete or external surface of
basement wall basement wall as
required
Contiguous Section Y Y
pile wall
Basement slab
In-situ
concrete
infill
Pile

b) Temporary contiguous pile wall Section Z Z

Figure 4.7
Basement walls

Owen Brooker
 External In-situ
concrete concrete Bitumen sheeting
wall wall
Masonry wall or protective Fillet
board
DPM applied to inner
face of external wall Structural wall
and floor
600 mm zone
50 protective
of selected screed
Concrete floor
backfill

300 mm
zone of
selected 150 min sealed
backfill overlap
Horizontal DPM protected
with 50 screed Concrete
base
Graded
drainage 225 min Sub-base
Fillet material
Drainage pipe
Drainage
pipe c) Externally applied bitumen sheet tanking
Blinding
DPM concrete
Sub-base
Graded drainage
material

a) Internal damp proof membrane

In-situ concrete wall

40 space flushed
up with mortar
20 min render mortar
Masonry wall
or protective
board
DPM applied to
mortar render 50 protective screed
Outer
on insulating layer
600 mm zone wall
In-situ concrete floor
backfilled with
selected fill Horizontal DPM
protected with Asphalt
50 screed

Blinding concrete
Graded
drainage
material

Fillet
Sub-base

d) Internally applied asphalt tanking:

200
vertical loading with masonry
Drainage pipe min Fillet

b) Example of damp proof membrane applied externally

Figure 4.8
Tanked waterproofing options (Type A)

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
 Protection
Tanking
Fillet
Fillet

150
Stabilising beam

Pile cap
Isolated pile groups

Figure 4.9
Tanked concrete basement carried on piles
Slab reinforcement
Column Cavity drain former
Blockwork wall
Cavity former cut Screed Cavity drainage former
around columns
TOC Screed
SSL
Owen Brooker
Reinforced 100 mm min.
25.09.06 Laid to falls concretewall
Figure 4.9 Version 2
Foundation
Pile
Drainage gulley

a)Cavity system at column position b)Junction of floor and wall cavitiy systems

Drainage channel
Figure 4.10 Floor finishes
Typical cavity drainage (Type C)

Reinforced in-situ
concrete
Blinding
Owen Brooker
25.09.06 Waterproof
Figure 4.10 render
Version 2 Chamfer at internal
and external corners

Selected backfill
Tanked waterproofing
system
Blinding
Drainage pipe

Graded drainage material

Figure 4.11
Swimming pool waterproofing

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Figure 4.11 Version 2
 Horizontal restraint
brackets
Cladding
panel
Shims

RC frame
Fixing between bracket
and RC frame

Precast
concrete
panel
Shims for vertical
tolerance
Horizontal restraint
bracket
Steel angle supporting cladding
panel fixed to RC frame

a) Cladding panel fixed to reinforced concrete upstand b) Precast concrete cladding supported by concrete beam

Serrated face for vertical

adjustment
Cladding bracket allows
for vertical and horizontal
Precast concrete adjustment Cladding bracket
cladding panels

Precast concrete
cladding panels
RC concrete
Cast-in socket
with cross pin Expansion anchor or cast-in
(or vertical cast-in channel) Soft joint channel and serrated cleat,
and plate washer for lateral
adjustment

c) Horizontal fixing for precast concrete cladding d) Load bearing and horizontal restraint fixing
panel for precast cladding panels

In-situ concrete frame

In-situ concrete frame

Adjustment

Cladding
Cladding bracket panel

Range of
Precast concrete movement
cladding panel

e) Cladding bracket with three degrees of adjustment f) Fixing detail to allow movement

Note: any steel connected to external elements should be galvanised or, more durably, stainless steel.

Figure 4.12
Typical fixing details for precast concrete panels

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Figure 4.12 Version 2
 In-situ concrete
Insulation Insulation

In-situ concrete
Tie
Retained
façade
Fixing to
RC frame
Cavity tray
Lateral Soft joint
restraint
Continuous formed Lateral
fixing
angle brickwork restraint fixing
Soft joint support system
(stainless steel) Fixing to frame allows
vertical movement

Tie into
brickwork

a) Brickwork supported at floor level b) Retained façade

Figure 4.13
Fixing of masonry facades

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Figure 4.13 Version 2

Outside Inside

Blinding

a) Construction floor joint b) Construction wall joint

with external waterstop with external waterstop

Recess cast in
concrete

Hydrophilic
strip

c) Construction joint with d) Floor-to-wall joint with

hydrophilic strip external waterstop

Figure 4.14
Typical applications of waterstops

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
Figure 4.14 Version 2
 Non-absorbent
Sealing compound joint filter

No steel
continuity

Shear connector
Expansion type Initial gap for
waterstop expansion

a) Expansion joint d) Movement joint in a suspended slab with shear transfer

Joint sealing No concrete continuity

compound and no initial gap
Reinforced
concrete
column

No steel
continuity
Soft joint

Waterstop
Sealant

b) Complete contraction joint e) Movement joint at column location

Joint sealing No concrete continuity Expansion joint suitable

compound and no initial gap for traffic
Sealant

Steel
continuity Sealant
50% Soft joint

Waterstop
Waterstop

c) Partial contraction joint f) Movement joint suitable for traffic

Figure 4.15
Movement joints

Owen Brooker
25.09.06
 a) Reinforced beam to column connection b) Transfer beam connection

Screed
New RC slab
X X

Existing column
15 mm soft joint
New reinforced
10 mm steel plate
concrete slab

Plan Section X X

c) Detailing to avoid new slab loading existing column

Structural topping
Reinforcement projecting from
Hollowcore unit in-situ beam bent down into
structural topping

Minimum 100 mm Reinforcement to

bearing 2 cores per unit

In-situ beam

d) Precast unit supported on in-situ beam (hybrid construction)

Figure 4.16
Superstructure details

Owen Brooker
26.09.06
Figure 4.16 Version 2