2008 OHSAS 18000 Audit Simplified

LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT
(Modern Safety Management)
1
Module 2: Accident Prevention Principles
An Accident
 An accident is that occurrence in a
sequence of events that produces
unintended injury, death or property
damage.
 (National Safety Council viii)
2
DOMINO THEORY OF
ACCIDENTS
PEOPLE – PROPERTY, etc

IMMEDIATE CAUSES
LOSS OF CONTROL
ACCIDENT
BASIC CAUSES
MANAGEMENT ORIGIN (S) SYMPTOMS EVENT LOSS3

DOMINO THEORY OF
ACCIDENTS
MANAGEMENT ORIGIN (S) SYMPTOMS EVENT LOSS4

Why Wait for Losses to Happen?
 Why should you
wait until there
is an Injury
(LTA) or
Damage
Resulting
Accident in your
workplace
before you
perform safety
measures?
5
WHAT IS A SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM?
OHSAS 18000
ISRS
LOSS CONTROL
FIVE STAR
OTHERS
6
Introduction to OH&S
Management and OHSAS 18001
 Recognizing
hazards
 Preparing control
measures for these
hazards
 Working safely in
unsafe conditions
 Being prepared for
unexpected events
that may develop.
7
Course Preview
 Unit 1 – Introduction to OH & S

Management
 Unit 2 – General Requirements & Policy
 Unit 3 – Planning
 Unit 4 – Implementation and Operation
 Unit 5 – Checking and Corrective Action
 Unit 6 – Management Review.
8
Unit 1
Introduction to Occupational
Health and Safety.
9
What is occupational health and
safety?
 “conditions and
factors that affect
the well being of
personnel in the
work place”
 OHSAS definition
3.10.
10
OHS Management System
 “part of the overall management system
that facilitates the management of the OHS
risks associated with the business of the
organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, procedures and resources
for developing, implementing and
maintaining the organization’s OHS policy”
 OHSAS definition 3.11.
11
Evolution of OHS Management
System
 1987 – ISO 9000 QMS
 1992 – BS 7750
 1996 – ISO 14000 EMS
 1996 – BS 8800
 1999 – OHSAS 18001.
12
Introduction…
O Occupational
H Health and
S Safety
A Assessment
S Series
Specification
OHSAS 18001: 1999 (Apr 15)

13
What Is OHSAS 18001?
 Occupational health & safety

management standard
 Generic in nature & content
 Compatible with:
 ISO 9001: 1994 (Quality)
 ISO 14001: 1996
(Environment).
14
What is OHSAS 18001?
 Voluntary series
 Only recognizable
international series
for OHS
 Developed by
National Standards
and Certification
Agencies.
15
What is OHSAS 18001?
 Published by BSI,
but not a British or
ISO standard
 Applicable to any
organization
 Not product or
service safety.
16
OHSAS 18001 Series
 OHSAS 18001 -Specifications

 OHSAS 18002 – Guidelines.
17
How to Use Them
 OHSAS 18002 Guideline:
 Use to develop your OHS Management
System
 OHSAS 18001 Specification:
 Use to audit your OHS Management
System for compliance and improvement
 Use as a contractual document if you
wish.
18
Scope of OHSAS 18001
 Any organization that wishes to:

 Establish OHS to minimize or eliminate risks
 Implement, maintain and continually improve
an OHS system
 Assure of conformance to its OHS policy
 Demonstrate such conformance to others
 Seek international recognition/ certification.
19
Principles
 Principle 1 – OHS Policy

 Principle 2 – Planning
 Principle 3 – Implementation & operation
 Principle 4 – Checking & corrective action
 Principle 5 – Review & improvement.
20
OHSAS 18001 Content
1. Introduction 4.3 Planning
2. Reference 4.4 Implementation
publications & operation
3. Terms & definitions 4.5 Checking &
4. OHS management corrective action
system elements
4.6 Management
4.1 General
requirements review.
4.2 OHS policy
21
How OHSAS 18001
Management System Works
Initial
Status
Review (ISR)
Starting Loop
REVIEW POLICY PLAN
OHSAS 18001 Implementation, Operation

And Continual Improvement Loop
CHECK IMPLEMENT
22
What is the Initial Status Review
(ISR)?
 Recommendation of
BS 8800 Guidelines Initial Audit
 Provides information Status

on scope, adequacy Review
and implementation of
current system Starting Loop Feedback
 Provides a baseline for From
measuring future
Performance
improvement
 Provides basis for Measurement
developing policy,
objectives, programs
for improvement.
23
What the ISR Should Cover
 Requirements of legislation Initial Audit
covering OHS management Status
issues Review
 Existing guidance on OHS Starting Loop Feedback
within the organization
From
 Best practice and
Performance
performance in the
Measurement
organization’s industry sector
 Efficiency and effectiveness of
existing resources devoted to
OHS management.
24
Unit 2
General Requirements &

Policy
25
4.1 General Requirements:
26
4.1 General Requirements:
 “the organization
shall establish and
maintain an OHS
management
system, the
requirements for
which are set out
in clause 4.”
27
4.1 OHS Management System
Documentation
OH&S Policy
OH&S Statement &
Policy Manual System
Operating Description
Procedures
What, When, Who
Operating Instructions How and

with What
Support Documentation
Hazard/Risk Register, Regulatory Register,
Guidelines, Records, etc.
28
How OHSAS 18001
Initial
 Overall sense of Status
direction Review
 Sets principle of Starting Loop
action
 Demonstrates POLICY
formal
Feedback
commitment Audit
From
 Signed off by top
Measuring
management.
Performance
29
4.2 OH&S Policy
 Appropriate to nature
& scale of risks
 Commitment to
continual improvement
 Commitment to Safety First
comply with legal &
other requirements
 Documented,
implemented &
maintained.
30
4.2 OH&S Policy
 Communicated to
all employees such
that they are
aware of their
Safety First
OH&S obligations
 Available to
interested parties
 Remains relevant
and appropriate.
31
4.2 OH&S Policy
 Employee involvement
 Encouraged to contribute
 Understanding OH&S Policy
responsibilities
 Interested party
communication.
32
Unit 3
Planning
33
How OHSAS 18001
 4.3.1 Hazards Initial

identification, risk Status
assessment & control Review
Starting Loop
 4.3.2 Legal & other
requirements
Policy PLANNING
 4.3.3 Objectives
 4.3.4 OHS Audit Feedback
management From
programs. Measuring
Performance
34
4.3.1 Hazards identification,
risk assessment & control
 Identify hazards
 Assess risks
 Implement controls
 Include
 Routine/ non routine
activities
 Activities of all
personnel
(subcontractors,
visitors)
 Facilities at workplace. 35
 Results to be
considered in
setting objectives
 Keep information
up to date
36
 Methodology shall
 Be defined and be pro-
active
 Classify risks
 Identify risks to be
eliminated or controlled
 Provide input to determine
facility requirements,
training identification/
operational controls
 Provide monitoring of
actions.
37
risk & control
38
What is a hazard?
 “source or situation
with a potential for
harm in terms of
injury, ill health,
damage to
property or
environment”
3.4.
39
What is a risk?
 “combination of the
likelihood and
consequence of a
specified
hazardous event
occurring”
3.14.
40
Accident or Incident?
 Accident –
undesired event
resulting to injury,
ill health, death,
damage or other
losses
 Incident – event
that gave rise to an
accident or had the
potential to lead to
an accident.
41
What is risk assessment?
 “overall process of
estimating the
magnitude of risk
and deciding
whether or not the
risk is tolerable”
3.15.
42
4.3.2 Legal & Other Requirements
 Identify and access
legal & other
requirements
 Keep information
up to date
 Communicate
requirements
 Employees
 Interested parties.
43
4.3.2 Legal & other requirements
 Occupational health &

safety requirements
 Industrial safety
 Chemical safety
 Fire safety
 Industrial hygiene
 First aid/ safety committee
 Electrical/mechanical safety
 Radiation protection.
44
4.3.3 Objectives
 OHS objectives at each
relevant function and
level
 Consider:
 Legal & other requirements
 OHS hazards & risks
 Technological options
 Operational & business
requirement
 Views of interested parties
 Consistent with policy.
45
Objectives . . . ?
 “goals, in terms of
OH&S performance
that an
organization sets
itself to achieve”
3.9.
46
Objective setting – guide words
 Increase /
Improve
 Maintain /
Continue
 Introduce
 Reduce /
Eliminate
47
Type of Objectives – guide words
 Introduce
 Risk assessment
 Emergency plan
 Permit-to-work
system
 Unsafe act auditing.
48
Type of Objectives – guide words
 Eliminate
 Hazardous events
 Usage of hazardous
substances
 Use of damaged
PPE
 Unsafe acts &
conditions.
49
4.3.4 Management Programs
 Programs
established to
achieve objectives
 Include
 Responsibility at
relevant function
and level
 Means
 Time scale.
50
4.3.4 Management Programs
 Regularly reviewed
 Amended to reflect
changes in
activities, products
or services (if
necessary).
51
Unit 4
Implementation &
Operation.
52
How OHSAS 18001
Initial
Status
Review
Starting Loop
POLICY PLAN

Feedback From
Measuring Performance
IMPLEMENT
Audit 53
4.4 Implementation &
Operation
 4.4.1 Structure & responsibility

 4.4.2 Training, awareness &
competence
 4.4.3 Consultation & communication
 4.4.4 Documentation
 4.4.5 Document & data control
 4.4.6 Operational control
 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness &
control.
54
4.4.1 Structure & responsibility
 Document &
communicate
 Roles/
responsibilities
 authorities
 Provide resources
 Human resources
and skills
 Technology
 Finance.
55
4.4.1 Structure & responsibility
 Top management
 Ultimate responsibility
 Appoint management
representative
 Member of top management
 Ensure OHSMS effectively
implemented
 Report on OHS performance
for review & improvement.
56
4.4.2 Training, awareness &
competence
 Aware of
 Importance of
complying to OHS
requirements
 OHS consequences
(actual & potential)
 Emergency
preparedness &
response.
57
competence
 Training to consider
 Responsibility
 Ability & literacy
 Risk.
58
competence
 Personnel to be
competent
 Education
 Training
 Experience.
59
4.4.3 Consultation &
communication
 Communication
to/from
 Employees
 Interested parties.
60
4.4.3 Consultation &
communication
 Employees to be
 Involved
 Consulted
 Represented
 Informed.
61
4.4.4 Documentation
 Describe core
elements of OHSM
 Provide direction to
related
documentation
 Paper or electronic
form.
62
4.4.5 Document & data control
 Locatable
 Periodically
reviewed, revised
& approved
 Only current
version available
 Control of obsolete
documents.
63
4.4.6 Operational control
 Identify operations /
activities associated
with risks where
controls are required.
64
4.4.6 Operational control
 These activities to
be controlled
 Operating
procedures
 Operating criteria
 Communications
with suppliers &
contractors
 Design to eliminate
or reduce OHS risks
at source.
65
OHS RISKS
66
4.4.7 Emergency preparedness
& response
 Incidents &
emergencies
 Identify potential
for
 Respond to
 Prevent/ mitigate
associated illness &
injuries.
67
4.4.7 Emergency preparedness
& response
 Emergency plans &
procedures
 Reviewed after an
incident/emergency
 Periodically tested.
68
Unit 5
Checking & Corrective Action.
69
How OHSAS 18001
Initial
Status
Review
Starting Loop
POLICY PLAN

CHECKING &
CORRECTIVE IMPLEMENT
Audit
ACTION
Module 2: Accident Prevention Principles Feedback from Measuring Performance
70
4.5 Checking & Corrective
Action
 4.5.1 Performance
measurement &
monitoring
 4.5.2 Accidents,
incidents, non
conformance and
corrective &
preventive action
 4.5.3 Records & record
management
 4.5.4 Audit.
71
4.5.1 Performance
measurement & monitoring
 Monitor & measure OHS performance
regularly
 Qualitative/ quantitative measures
 Proactive measures
 Reactive measures
 Record data/ results to facilitate
corrective & preventive actions.
72
4.5.1 Performance
measurement & monitoring
 Equipment to be
calibrated
 Records to be
maintained.
73
4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformances,
corrective & preventive actions
 Procedures for
handling,
investigating &
mitigating
consequences from
 Accidents
 Incidents
 Non-conformances.
74
4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformances,
corrective & preventive actions
 Corrective/ preventive
actions
 Procedures for initiation
 To be reviewed before
implementation (risk
assessment)
 Appropriate to magnitude
of problems
 Commensurate with risk
 Confirm effectiveness
 Changes documented.
75
4.5.3 Records & record
management
 Demonstrate
conformance to
OHSMS
 Procedures for
identification,
maintenance &
disposition of
records.
76
4.5.3 Records & record
management
 OHS records
 Legible
 Traceable to
activities involved
 Readily retrievable
 Not damaged or
lost
 Retention period
defined.
77
4.5.4 Audit
 Audits to determine whether or not OHSMS

 Conforms to planned arrangements & OHSAS
18001
 Has been properly implemented & maintained
 Effective in meeting policy & objectives
 Results of previous audits to be reviewed
 Provide information to top management.
78
4.5.4 Audit
 Audit schedule based

on:
 Results of risk
assessment
 Results of previous
audits
 Independent auditors.
79
Unit 6
Management Review.
80
How OHSAS 18001
Initial
Status
External Internal
Review
Factors Factors
Starting Loop
MANAGEMENT
REVIEW POLICY PLAN

CHECK IMPLEMENT
81
4.6 Management Review
 Top management
 Review OHSMS
 Ensure it is
suitable, adequate
& effective
 Necessary
information to be
collected
82
4.6 Management Review
 Address
 Changes to policy,
objectives & other
elements
 Changing
circumstances
 Commitment to
continual
improvement.
83
Direct Indicators of OHS
Performance
 Safety Performance
Statistics (Consequence
Measurements)
 Inspection Report
Analysis
 Repeatedly reported
hazards
 PPE usage
 Housekeeping standard
 Choose a combination of
indicators.
84
Cautions in using Reactive Data
as Performance Indicators
 Generally very few accidents
 Increased workload alone may cause
higher accidents
 Absence from work due to
occupational injury or ill health
maybe influenced by other factors
 Long latent periods of occupational
diseases.
85
Measurement Techniques
 Safety Inspections
 Environmental
sampling
 Behavior sampling
 Document review &
analysis
 Benchmarking
 Others.
86
1 2 3
SAFETY TODAY
ARE
4 5 6
BELIEVE BECAUSE HERE
7 8 9
WE IN
WE
87
Fit the legos so each row & column add up to 15.
END OF MODULE
8 6
WE 1 HERE 15
ARE
TODAY WE 15
3 5
BECAUSE 7
BELIEVE IN SAFETY
4 9 2 15
15 15 15 88

2008 OHSAS 18000 Audit Simplified

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2008 OHSAS 18000 Audit Simplified

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LOSS CONTROL MANAGEMENT

(Modern Safety Management)

PEOPLE – PROPERTY, etc

MANAGEMENT ORIGIN (S) SYMPTOMS EVENT LOSS3

MANAGEMENT ORIGIN (S) SYMPTOMS EVENT LOSS4

 Unit 1 – Introduction to OH & S

OHSAS 18001: 1999 (Apr 15)

 Occupational health & safety

 OHSAS 18001 -Specifications

 Any organization that wishes to:

 Principle 1 – OHS Policy

REVIEW POLICY PLAN

OHSAS 18001 Implementation, Operation

 Provides information Status

General Requirements &

Operating Instructions How and

 4.3.1 Hazards Initial

 Occupational health &

OHSAS 18001 Implementation, Operation

 4.4.1 Structure & responsibility

Checking & Corrective Action.

OHSAS 18001 Implementation, Operation

 Audits to determine whether or not OHSMS

 Audit schedule based

OHSAS 18001 Implementation, Operation

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