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Dr. K. SIVAKUAMR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
VALLIAMMAI ENIGNEERING COLLEGE
What exactly is the turbine?
3
Principle & Types of Steam Turbine.
• Types
Impulse Turbine.
Reaction Turbine.
• Principle: when steam is allowed to expand through
a narrow orifice, it assumes kinetic energy at the
expense of its enthalpy (heat energy). This kinetic
energy of steam is changed to Mechanical
(rotational) energy through the impact (impulse) or
reaction of steam against the blades.
Construction of steam turbines
Construction of steam turbines
Classification of steam turbines
a) way of energy
conversion
- impulse turbines
- reaction turbines
Classification of steam turbines
b) flow direction
- axial
- radial
c) number of
stages
- single stage
- multi-stage
Classification of steam turbines
d) rotational speed
- regular
- low-speed
- high-speed
e) inlet steam pressure
- high pressure (p>6,5MPa)
- intermediate
pressure(2,5MPa
<p<6,5MPa)
- low-pressure (p<2,5MPa)
Classification of steam turbines
f) way of energy
utilisation
- condensing
- extraction
- back-pressure
Turbine Types
condenser process
Reheat turbine
Types of Turbine
Extraction turbine
Classification of steam turbines
g) application
- power station
- industrial
- transport
How does the steam turbine work?
Pressure
Velocity
Impulse Stage
Compounded Steam Turbines
• Compounded steam turbine means multistage turbine.
F mV o
No pressure drop per stage Not equal pressure drop per stage
High friction losses due to high velocities Low friction losses due to reduced steam
velocity
Not recommended for more than two Recommended for multistage
stages
No problem with steam leak Larger steam leak
Suitable for small turbines as well as only Suitable for large turbines
for the first stage in large turbine
Velocity Diagram
F
T
Optimum Velocity
Impulse Stage
Optimum Velocity
Velocity-compounded Stage
Reaction Stage
Maximum Efficiency
Impulse Stage
Reaction Stage
Comparison of Stages
Impulse Stage
Comparison of Stages
Reaction Stage