INJURY

Unintentional or intentional
damage to the body resulting from
acute exposure to thermal,
mechanical, electrical, or chemical
energy or from the absence of such
essentials as heat or oxygen.
Injuries can be further classified
based on the events and behaviors
that precede them as well as the
intent of the persons involved. At
the broadest level, injuries are
classified as either violence or
unintentional injuries.
INTENTIONAL INJURY
ARE INJURIES RESULTING FROM
VIOLENCE.
 SELF INFLICTED
WHEN A PERSON HARMS HIMSELF/HERSELF
ON PURPOSE
 SUICIDE
the intentional taking of
one’s own life. Many of
those who attempt suicide
do not receive mental and
emotional counselling
because their families try to
hide the problem because
they are ashamed of it.
Because of this, the problem
is not solved and the
attempt to commit suicide
can be repeated.
 PARASUICIDE
a suicide attempt in which
a person does not intend
to die. It is often a cry for
help, meaning, the person
wants others to know what
she/he is feeling. Despite
this, parasuicide should be
taken seriously because it
may also lead to death.
 ASSAULT
WHEN PERSON/PERSONS HARM ANOTHER
ON PURPOSE
 COMMITTED WITHIN THE FAMILY
 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - an act
that includes physical assault,
sexual abuse and verbal abuse.

There are some children who

experience domestic violence in
their homes. Their parents may
think that their children do not
know about the violence, but
most of the time, the children are
aware of it. They can feel
helpless, scared and upset. Some
of them blame themselves as they
feel like the violence is their fault
 COMMITTEDEXTORTION
BY PEERS- the act of using
BULLYING - an unwanted,
aggressive behavior. The
behavior is repeated, or can be
repeated, over time. Both kids
who are bullied and who bully
others may have serious, lasting
problems.
force or threats to force people
to hand over their money or
properties, on favors. Victims
are forced to give up their
allowances, in exchange for the
promise that they will not be
beaten up.
STALKING - is a pattern of
behavior that makes you feel
afraid, nervous, harassed, or in
danger. It is when someone
repeatedly contacts you, follows
you, sends you things, and talks
to you, even when you don’t
want them to. It is very
threatening to the person being
stalked, because the behaviors
and actions of the stalker often
invade his/her privacy.
COMMITED BY OTHER GROUPS
GANG AND YOUTH VIOLENCE
A gang is defined as a relatively
tough, mostly street-based group
of young people who regard
themselves and may be seen by
others as a group that engages in
a range of criminal activity and
violence. Gang members are
responsible for a majority of
serious crimes, like extortion,
theft and robbery. They are also
likely to be involved in selling
drugs and are more likely to
bring weapons to school for fear
of attack from rival gangs
ILLEGAL FRATERNITY-RELATED VIOLENCE
A fraternity is a group of people with similar
backgrounds, occupations, interests, or tastes.
And since most fraternities are based in colleges and
universities, some would join fraternities for academic
support. Most youths would also join fraternities because
of the sense of belongingness that these fraternities
would provide.
To maintain their exclusiveness, fraternity members would
require an applicant to undergo a series of initiation rites to
become part of the “brotherhood”. One of these is hazing, or
activities that involve harassment, abuse, or humiliation. Hazing
can be very dangerous to applicants, as they will be subjected to
physical and psychological suffering like being beaten with
wooden paddles and may cause them a lot of injuries. Some even
die in the process.
Schools have a responsibility to prevent injuries from
occurring on school property and at school-sponsored
events. In addition, schools can teach students the skills
needed to promote safety and prevent unintentional
injuries, violence, and suicide while at home, at work, at
play, in the community, and throughout their lives.
However, educational interventions alone cannot produce
major reductions in injury or injury risks. Effective school-
based injury-prevention efforts address policies and
procedures, staff development, the physical environment of
the school, and the curriculum in a coordinated manner.
School efforts to promote safety can be part of a
coordinated school health program, which is "an integrated
set of planned, sequential, and
school-affiliated strategies,
activities, and services designed
to promote the optimal physical,
emotional, social, and
educational development of
students.
A coordinated school health program involves and is
supportive of families and is determined by the local
community based on community needs, resources,
standards, and requirements. It is coordinated by a
multidisciplinary team and accountable to the
community for program quality and effectiveness“.
Just as individual strategies cannot be implemented in
isolation from each other, schools cannot effectively
address unintentional injury, violence, and suicide
problems in isolation. School personnel, students,
families, community organizations and agencies, and
businesses can collaborate to develop, implement, and
evaluate injury-prevention efforts.
 Ideally, coordinated school health programs should include
multiple components
 comprehensive health education;
 physical education;
 school health services [school counselling, and psychological
and social services];
 school nutrition services;
 healthy and safe school environment;
 school-site health promotion for staff members;
 staff development;
 and family and community involvement .
Coordinated school health programs can improve the health,
safety, and educational prospects of students
UNINTENTIONAL
INJURY
INJURIES WHICH ARE NOT EXPECTED;
ALSO KNOWN AS ACCIDENTS
 FRACTURE DISLOCATION
a break or crack in a bone. An a partial or complete
open fracture pierces the skin displacement of the
surface while in closed fracture bones.
the skin above is intact
 SPRAIN STRAIN
an injury to the ligaments of a an injury to the muscles
bone due to accidental tearing which is a result of
or overstretching improper use of muscle
 HEAT FOOD
EXHAUSTION POISONING
caused by loss of salt and caused by consuming food
water due to excessively high or drink that is
temperature. contaminated with bacteria
or viruses.
HEART ATTACK CHOKING
caused by a sudden results when a foreign
obstruction of blood supply to object blocks the
the part of heart muscles throat
 Safety and Injury Prevention
 Use a reporting system to record injuries that happen
at school. This information can be used to identify
causes and plan preventive strategies for the school.
 Provide appropriate adult supervision for all sports,
recreation, and play activities.
 Teach children how to use playground equipment
properly.
 Establish safety rules and use the proper safety gear for
sporting activities.
 Ensure regular equipment checks and maintenance.
 FIRST AID MUST HAVE
STERILE DRESSINGS
AND PLASTERS:

• Plasters: Use plasters for

small cuts and grazes.
• Sterile pad: For more
cushioning you can use a
sterile pad and hold it in place
with sticky tape. You could also
use any clean, non-fluffy
material, like a cloth scarf
• Sterile wound
dressing: A sterile
wound dressing is a
sterile pad attached to
a bandage. These are
for larger wounds to
apply pressure to help
stop bleeding and are
quick and easy to put
on in an emergency.
BANDAGES:
• Roller bandages: Roller bandages
are long thin bandages rolled up.
Use a roller bandage to support joint
injuries, hold dressings in place, put
pressure on wounds to stop
bleeding, and to reduce swelling
• Triangular bandages: Triangular
bandages are large triangular shaped
pieces of cloth. You can fold a
triangular bandage to use as either a
bandage or sling, or, if sterile, as a
dressing for large wounds and
burns.
PROTECTIVE ITEMS:

• Disposable gloves: Using

disposable gloves reduces
the risk of infection between
you and someone you’re
helping. If they’re available,
always wear gloves whenever
you dress wounds or deal
with any body fluids or
waste
OTHER ITEMS:
• Cleansing wipes, alcohol free
wipes: To clean the skin around the
wound
• Gauze pads as dressings: To use as
padding, or as swabs to clean around
wounds
• Sticky tape (adhesive tape): To hold
dressings in place or to hold the loose
end of bandages
• Pins and clips: To fasten the loose end
of bandages
• Scissors, shears and tweezers: To cut
sterile pads, bandages or sticky tape to
the right length. You can also use them
if you need to cut someone’s clothing,
so that you can get to a wound
MEDICATIONS
 Aloe Vera gel
 Calamine lotion
 Anti-Diarrhea medication
 Laxative
 Antacids
 Antihistamine, such as
diphenhydramine
 Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen
(Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin IB, others) and aspirin (never
give aspirin to children)
 Hydrocortisone cream
 Cough and cold medications