SYNTHESIS & CHARACTERIZATIONOF

MAGNESSE FERRITE

Under the guidance of:- Presented By:-

Dr. Vinod Kumar Aryan Boora
15001551012
M.Sc. Physics
FERRITES (M2+FE23+O42-)

* The term ferrite is commonly used to describe a class of magnetic oxide

compounds that contain iron oxide as a permanentcomponent.

* Magnetite(Fe3o4), also called loadstone is a genuine ferrite and was the first
magnetic material known to ancient people.

* Ferrimagnetic material are also called Ferrites.

* Ferrites are the modified structures of iron with no carbon and are composed
of two or mores sets of different transition metals(d-block elements;group3 to
12)
 Magnetic Spins & Dipoles

• The Magnetic spins in solid state materials have enabled significant advances
in current informational and biological technologies including information
storage, magnetic sensors, bio separation and drug delivery.

• The origin of the magnetic potential is known as Magnetic dipoles.

• On the applications of magnetic field, a net alignment of these magnetic

dipoles occurs and the medium becomes magnetically polarized.
Role Of Ferrites In Nanoscience
Nanoscience concerns with synthesizing , modifying and characterizing materials
having at least one spatial dimension in the size range of 1-100 nm.
Attention towards the ferrites nanomaterials is due to their great scientific and
technological importance because of the follow reasons:

• Ferrites are iron containing complex oxides with technically intresting magnetic
and electricalproperties.

• Development of new ferrites , enhancement of existing ferrites characterstics and

improvement of the ferrites manufacturing process began in 1950’s.

• There are mainly two types of ferrites called soft and hard ferrites.
Role Of Ferrites In Nanoscience
• Soft Ferrites are the magnetic materials that do not retain their magnetism after
being magnetised. These types of materials include cobalt,nickel,zinc etc. They are
extensively used in the cores of transformers where they must respond to a rapidly
oscillating field.

• Hard Ferrites are permanent magnets because they can retain their magnetism
after being magnetized. For hard ferrites the loop is broad having coericivity
greater than 10 kAm-1.
Structure Of Ferrites

• The general chemical formula of a ferrite molecule is M2+Fe3+O42-, where M2+

represents a divalent metal ion such as Zn2+,Fe2+,Mg2+ etc.

• Ferrites crystallize in the form of a cubic structure. Each corner of a ferrite

unit cell consists of a ferrite molecule.

• In this type each divalent metal ion occupies 1 tetrahedral site and each
trivalent atom occupies 1 octahedral site. Overall in aunit cell there will be 8
tetrahedral and 16 octahedral sites.
Properties Of Soft and Hard Ferrites

• The susceptibility is very large and positive. But for T<TN they behave as
ferrimagnetic materials.

• Mechanically , they have pure iron character. They have low tensile strength and
are brittle andsoft.

• Soft magnetic ferrites are used in the prepration of inductor coils and
transformer cores

• They are used in the microwave applications such as an isolator.

• For the production of ultrasonic waves.

• Also used for storing information indiscs.

• Hard ferrites are the one that have properties anti to the soft.

• These are used in the manufacturing of the permanent magnets.

Variation of Hysteresis curve for hard
to soft materials
Why Ferrites Over Other Materials ?

Uses and applications

• Recently, ferrite materials have received extensive applications in magnetic

devices, humidity, sensors, gas sensors, catalysts, photo catalytic hydrogen
production and vast areas so they are preferred over other materials.

Application as sensors
• Recently, some composite oxides such as spinel magnetic ferrite are very
sensitive to humidity /gases.
DATA AND RESULT
CALCULATIONS
 MAGNESSE FERRITE- MnFe2O4

•Contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions

•Exhibit permanent magnetism-(ferrimagnetism)

•Fe3O4 has a cubic inverse spinel structure

where Fe2+ ions occupy half of the octahedral sites and the Fe3+ occupies the
remaining octahedral sites and the tetrahedral sites.
 PREPARATION
(By chemical co-precipitation)

•Mix 3.6385gm of FeSO₄.7H₂O & 10.6825gm ofFe(NO3)3·9H2O in distilled

water as calculated above.

•Ammonia is used as precipitant & starting sol. Is added into it & suspension
upto pH 11 wasfound.

•This is heated at 600C where oxidation takes place until ppt changed into
dark brownish ppt,then saples were filtered.
 CHEMICAL CO-PRECIPITATION

Salts used:

1.MnCL2.4H₂O-Magnesse chloride , Molecular wt.- 197.93 g/mol,

Assay-99%

2.Fe(NO3)3.9H2o-Ferric nitrate, Molecular wt.-404.0 g/mol

Assay-98%
 Calculations for 5gm

• In 197.93 gm of MnFe2O4 Mn2+ In 230.582gm of MnFe2O 4 Fe3+ is

is 54.934gm 111.69 gm

• In 5gm of MnFe2O4 Mn2+ is In 5gm ofMnFe2O 4 Fe3+ is 2.41633 gm

1.1985 gm
 Before purity

• 54.93gm Mn2+ is available in • 55.845gm Fe3+ is available in 404

197.93gm of MnCl2·4H2O gm of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O

• 4.275 gm Mn2+ is available in • 2.3826gm Fe3+ is available in

1.19 gm of MnCl2·4H2O 17.2369gm of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O

After purity

• Mn2+ is 4.3197 gm • Fe3+ is 17.5877gm

 Water calculation(1 molar)

• For Mn2+ 21.885ml

• For Fe3+ 43.5339ml

 INTENSITY

1400

1200

1000

800

600 intensity

400

200

0
0 20 40 60 80

XRD spectra of prepared sample

 1000/T
-6
1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

-8

-10
LOG (σ)

-12

-14

-16

DC Conductivity graph of preparedsample.

 1000/T

-2,5
1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,9

-3

log(σ)
-3,5

log(conductivity)

-4

-4,5

-5

DC Conductivity graph at 500 kelvin

Calculation of crystal size

Crystallite size =kλ/βcosθ

scherer wavength Angle for Full width Crystallite

constant highest half size
peak maxima
0.89 1.54 35.5 0.099 145.7 nm
THANK YOU