Y
 


 
ABHIJIT GHOSH
ROLL NO.--00070301018
U.G. -4th YEAR
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIAL ENGG.
PROJECT TEACHER: PROF. A.K. PRAMANIK
 SCOPE
` Light alloys have become of great importance in
engineering for construction of transportation
equipment. Many of these light weight alloys
have sufficiently high strength to warrant their
use for structural purposes ,and as a result of
their use ,the total weight of transportation
equipment has been considerably decreased.
Probably the greatest application of light metals
is in the construction of aircraft.
` At present ,the metals that serves as the
base of the principal light alloys are
aluminum and magnesium .Titanium and
its alloys are included in this group since
they have density much lower than that of
steel.
2

  

` 2

   are alloys in which aluminium

is the predominant metal. Typical alloying
elements are copper, zinc, manganese, silicon, and
magnesium. There are two principal classifications,
namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of
which are further subdivided into the categories
heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85%
of aluminium is used for wrought products, for
example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast
aluminium alloys yield cost effective products due
to the low melting point, although they generally
have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys.
` Aluminium alloys are widely used in
engineering structures and components
where light weight or corrosion resistance is
required.
` Aluminium alloy surfaces will keep their
apparent shine in a dry environment due to
the formation of a clear, protective oxide
layer. In a wet environment, Galvanic
corrosion can occur when an aluminium
alloy is placed in electrical contact with
other metals with a more negative corrosion
potential than aluminium.
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` Aluminium alloys typically have an elastic

modulus of around 70 GPa, which is about
one third the elastic modulus of steel. For a
given load, a part made of an aluminium alloy
will therefore show greater elastic
deformation than a steel part of identical
geometry. Though there are aluminium alloys
with higher tensile strengths than commonly
used steels, simply replacing steel parts with
aluminium alloy equivalents may lead to
problems.
` In automotive engineering, cars made of
aluminium alloys employ space frames made
of extruded profiles to ensure rigidity. This
represents a radical change from the
common approach for current steel car
design, which depend on the body shells for
stiffness, that is a unibody design.
` An important structural limitation of
aluminium alloys is their lower fatigue
strength compared to steel.
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   2 

` Copper has been the most common

alloying element almost since the
beginning of the aluminum industry, and a
variety of alloys in which copper is the
major addition were developed. The alloy
composition, used in this experiment, is
(95.5weight percent Al, 4.5 weight percent
Cu)
Partial phase diagram of aluminum²
aluminum²copper

The range of s
  type of alloys is shaded.

In the cast alloys the basic structure consists of cored dendrites of aluminum
solid solution, with a variety of constituents at the grain boundaries or
interdendritic spaces, forming a brittle, more or less continuous network of
eutectics.
 è 
 


2

è


è
  

the microstructure contains two solid phases. The matrix

is (-
) phase with inter-metalic ppt.(CuAl)
2




  
` Metals that have the same crystal structure (like
silver and gold) are usually completely miscible
(they don·t separate into two or more phases
upon cooling). When alloys are made from metals
with different crystal structures, a tendency
usually exists for different phases to form in the
alloy upon cooling. The aluminum (AI)/zinc (Zn)
alloy studied in this experiment is an example of a
material that undergoes a phase transformation
upon cooling or heating . Aluminum has a face-
centered cubic crystal structure, and zinc has a
hexagonal-closest packed crystal structure .
 _    2

  

Temp(*C)

Weight Percent Zinc 

` The alloy composition used in this experiment (89

weight percent Al, 11 weight percent Zn) . So,the
annaeled microstructure contains two solid phases.
In this experiment, one phase (-) will be mostly Al
and the other phase() will be mostly Zn.
 è 
 


2

è 
è  

the microstructure contains two solid phases. The matrix

is (-) phase and the other phase is () phase
FARTHER TASKS
` Study the mechanical &corrosion
properties of the developed samples.
` Also, study ageing characteristiks.
` Developing alloys of different
composition.
THANK YOU