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The document discusses motor learning and control according to Fitts and Posner's three stage theory of skill acquisition:
1. Cognitive stage - Requires attention, frequent errors and demonstration. Focuses on what to do.
2. Associative stage - Fewer errors through practice and developing strategies. Refines movements.
3. Automaticity - Skill is performed unconsciously and automatically. Able to perform multiple tasks and detect/correct errors through intrinsic feedback.
The document discusses motor learning and control according to Fitts and Posner's three stage theory of skill acquisition:
1. Cognitive stage - Requires attention, frequent errors and demonstration. Focuses on what to do.
2. Associative stage - Fewer errors through practice and developing strategies. Refines movements.
3. Automaticity - Skill is performed unconsciously and automatically. Able to perform multiple tasks and detect/correct errors through intrinsic feedback.
The document discusses motor learning and control according to Fitts and Posner's three stage theory of skill acquisition:
1. Cognitive stage - Requires attention, frequent errors and demonstration. Focuses on what to do.
2. Associative stage - Fewer errors through practice and developing strategies. Refines movements.
3. Automaticity - Skill is performed unconsciously and automatically. Able to perform multiple tasks and detect/correct errors through intrinsic feedback.
SkillAcquisition is the science that underpins movement learning and execution and is more commonly termed motor learning and control. Fitts and Posner (1967), described a theory of motor learning related to the stages involved in learning a new skill. They suggest that there are three main phases involved in skill learning 1. Cognitive stage 2. Associative stage 3. Automaticity Understanding stage Requires attention Frequent errors Unable to recognise errors Demonstration required It focuses on what to do improvements in performance develope strategies that could be used to carry out the task Mrs. J. would learn to reach for a glass in the following way. When first learning to reach for the glass, the task would require a great deal of attention and conscious thought. Mrs. J would initially make a lot of errors. Healthy individual (correct strategy): wide elongation of the arm with a minimal forward movement of the trunk associated also with an axial rotation of the trunk Stroke patient (incorrect strategy 1): increase in the forward displacement of the trunk and mouth in the reaching phase but with a reduced arm elongation and without a comparable backward displacement of the trunk and the mouth in the bringing-to-mouth phase Stroke patient (incorrect strategy 2): increase in the forward displacement of the trunk and mouth in the reaching phase, with a reduced arm elongation, but with an equal backward displacement of the trunk and mouth in the bringing phase By this time, the person has selected the best strategy for the task and now begins to refine the skill. Intermediate stage Fewer errors Requires practice Focus on refining of movement Awareness of mistakes Whenmoving into the second stage, however, her movements toward the glass would become refined as she developed an optimal strategy Massed practice is defined as a session in which the amount of practice time in a trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials
Distributed practice is defined as a
session in which the amount of rest between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of time for a trial. Whole practice method : when skill is practised as a whole
Part practice method :
break the task down into steps, helping the patient to master each step prior to learning the entire task OR when skill is practiced in components Last stage of learning The skill is performed without thinking of the basics Unconscious, smooth and automatic movements Can perform multiple tasks Can detect and correct errors Intrinsic feedback Mrs. J would be able to reach for the glass while carrying on a conversation or being engaged in other tasks Comes from within through vision , proprioceptors The feel of the movement Used in autonomous stage as the person can now detect error
From external sources i.e by doctor, coach
etc Used mostly in cognitive stage as the beginners cannot use the intrinsic feedback Reinforce correct movements Reduce faulty movements To increase confidence Thank you