“METAMORPHIC ROCKS”

Metamorphic Rocks
Definitions
• Metamorphic Rock
- "Meta"= Change (Grk)
- "Morph"= form
form (Grk)

-- a rock thathas been changed

from its original form ( parent ) by
heat , pressure , and fluid activity
into a new rock ( daughter ).
 Heat

Sources
Sources Include.....
Include.....

Magma
•• Magma
-- temperature
temperature of
of magma
magma
-- composition
composition of
of magma
magma
Geothermal gradient
•• Geothermal gradient
-- temperature
temperature increases
increases with
with depth
depth of
of burial
burial
-- core
core of
of Earth
Earth is
is warmer
warmer than
than outer
outer crust
crust
 Uniform Pressure
Uniform vs Directed Pressure
Pressure
Lithostatic
•• Lithostatic
-- "Lithos"=
"Lithos"= rock,
rock, static=
static= unchanged
unchanged (pressure)
(pressure)
-- uniform
uniform (aka
(aka non-directed)
non-directed)
-- equal
equal intensity
intensity from
from all
all directions
directions by
by rocks
rocks
•Directed Pressure
- one direction of squeezing is much stronger
than the others.

- Minerals align themselves to reduce stress.

 Types of Metamorphism

Contact
•• Contact
-- caused
caused by
by igneous
igneous activity
activity

Dynamic
•• Dynamic
-- aka
aka cataclastic
cataclastic
-- associated
associated with
with faults
faults &
& earthquake
earthquake zones
zones

Regional
•• Regional
-- caused
caused by
by tremendous
tremendous pressures
pressures
associated with
associated with tectonic
tectonic plate
plate activity
activity
 Metamorphic Textures
Foliated
•• Foliated
-- Folios
Folios == page
page or
or leaf-like
leaf-like
-- rock
rock has
has distinct
distinct banding
banding or
or layering
layering
>>often
often not
not smooth
smooth like
like in
in sedimentary
sedimentary rocks
rocks
-- formed
formed under
under directed
directed pressure
pressure

Non-foliated
•• Non-foliated
-- no
no distinct
distinct layering
layering character
character
-- often
often aa massive
massive crystalline
crystalline texture
texture
-- formed
formed under
under uniform
uniform pressures
pressures
 Foliated MM Rocks

slate phyllite

schist gneiss
MM
MM Rocks
Rocks that
that could
could form
form as
as aa shale
shale (sedimentary)
(sedimentary) parent
parent rock
rock is
is
exposed to increasing directed pressure and temperature
“FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS”
GNEISS
MUSCOVITE-SCHIST
PHYLLITE
SLATE
 Non-foliated Rocks

• Marble:
- metamorphosed
limestone

Quartzite:
•• Quartzite:
-- metamorphosed
metamorphosed
quartz sandstone
quartz sandstone
“NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS”
AMPHIBOLITE
HORNFELS
MARBLE
QUARTZITE
QUARTZ-NOVACULITE
• QUESTIONS?

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• BE READY FOR A SHORT QUIZ!!!