Managerial Communication

Nature, Barriers and Communication Strategy

Arrow Approach:
Effective Expression= Effective Communication
(Shannon and Weaver)
The Circuit Approach:
Understanding= Effective Communication
(Wilbur Schramm)
Message
• What is my overall message?
• How do I formulate my message to make it acceptable to my
audiences?
• What do I expect others to do because of my message>
Message Organization
Direct Approach Indirect
Approach
Audience Reaction Eager/Interested/Pleased Displeased Uninterested/Unwilling
/Neutral
Message Opening Start with the main idea, Start with a neutral Start with a statement or
the request or the good statement that acts as a question that captures
news transition to the reasons attention
for the bad news
Message Body Provide Necessary Give reasons to build up Arouse the audience’s
Details to the negative answer interest in the subject.
or announcement. State Build the audience’s
or imply the bad news desire to comply.
and make a positive
suggestion
Message Close Close with a cordial Close cordially Request Action
comment, a reference to
the good news or a
statement about the
specific action desired
Communicator Credibility: Initial and
Acquired:
Credibility Circuit
Communicator Questions:
• Am I the best person to deliver the message?
• If not, who should deliver the message
• Who would be the most credible person or otherwise effective
communicator for different messages or audiences?
Audiences Questions:
• Who are my primary audiences? Secondary audiences?
• What are their interests in this situations?
• What are their stakes in the outcomes?
• How will they be affected by my messages?
• How should I ask for feedback from this audience?
Barriers to Communication

Semantic Socio-Psychological Personal

• Vocabulary Barriers Organizational • Emotional Conflicts
• Jargons Perceptual • Poor Listening
• Euphemisms Physical Barriers Organizational • Poor retention
Differences Structure
• Slangs • Premature Evaluation
Noise
• Abstract and Ambiguous Attitudinal Rules and
Words differences Distance Regulations
• Wrong translation
Conflicting Signals Faulty Equipment Role and Status
Halo Effect
Stereotyping
Probabilistic nature of Communication
• Communication is the transmission and/or reception of signals
through some channel/s that humans interpret based on a
probabilistic system that is deeply influenced by context.
Communication Breakdown
• When only one possibility is perceived
• The sender purposely used language that has multiple
interpretations: Strategic Ambiguity.
• The Receiver May purposely Misunderstand
• The receiver may constructively understand
a message
Assessing the value of Ambiguity
Variables of Contingency Theory
Dance Approach:
Coordinated Management of Meaning
Communication is the process by which persons co-create, maintain
and alter patterns of social order, but … the coordination of talk
through which patterns of order emerge is not necessarily based on
mutual understanding or a shared social reality.
-W.B.Pearce, L.M.Harris, and V.E. Cronen. Rigor and Imagination.
Feedback
• How will I determine if my audience is receiving my messages as I
intend?
• How will I measure or assess the impact?
Variables of Communication Strategy in
Contingency Approach:
• PMI’s 2013 Pulse of the ProfessionTM report revealed that US$135
million is at risk for every US$1 billion spent on a project. Further
research on the importance of effective communications uncovers
that a startling 56 percent (US$75 million of that US$135 million) is
at risk due to ineffective communications.

Timing