Components of an Elevator

Machine room

Kyaw Zay Ya
VI-Mech-102
Content
1.What is an elevator machine room?
2.Components of a machine room
and how they works
2.1.Machine
2.2.Machine Brake
2.3.Drive Motor
2.4.Motor Generator Set
2.5.Controls
3.Future plans
1.What is an Elevator Machine room ?
An elevator machine room, is a room that
houses the machinery
and
electrical controls that operate a lift.
2.Components of a machine room
 Machine
 Machine Brake
 Drive Motor
 Motor Generator Set
 Controls
2.1.Machine
Hoist Machine
Hoist Motor
Generators
Governor
Hoist Machine
Hoist Machine can be
geared traction machines
in which the power from
the motor is transmitted
to the drive sheave through
reduction gears, or a gearless
machine in which the hoist
ropes pass over a traction
drive sheave which is an integral
part of the armature.
Hoist Motor
Also called drive machines
and used for traction elevators.
They are the power units that
apply the energy to the
hoist machines.
Can be AC or DC.
Generators
Generators are
electro-mechanical devices
that convert mechanical energy
to electrical energy
(usually direct current).
Governor
A mechanical speed
control mechanism.
Usually a wire-rope driven
centrifugal device used to
stop and hold the movement
of its driving rope.
This initiates the activation
of the car safety device.
It opens a switch
which cuts off power to
the drive motor and brake if the car travels
overspeed in the down direction.
2.2.Machine Brake
A few things are called
brakes on an cable elevator.
The machine brake stops
and holds the elevator or
just holds it after an electrical stop.
The elevator is operating
in it's normal mode
when this brake functions.
2.3.Drive Motor
Drive motors can be classified into
• Traction elevators motors
• Hydraulic elevators motors
• Traction-Hydraulic Elevators motors
• Hand elevator
• Steam engine elevator
Traction Elevator motors
Traction elevators are lifted by ropes,
which pass over a wheel attached to
an electric motor above the elevator shaft.
They are used for mid and high-rise applications
and have much higher travel speeds than
hydraulic elevators. A counter weight makes
the elevators more efficient by offsetting the
weight of the car and occupants so that the
motor doesn't have to move as much weight.
Geared Traction Elevators
Geared Traction Elevators
have a gearbox that is attached
to the motor, which drives the wheel
that moves the ropes.
Geared traction elevators are capable
of travel speeds up to
500 feet per minute.
The maximum travel distance for
a geared traction elevator is around 250 feet.
Gear-less Traction Elevators
Gear-less Traction Elevators
have the wheel attached directly
to the motor. Gear-less traction
elevators are capable of speeds up to
2,000 feet per minute and they have
a maximum travel distance of around
2,000 feet so they are the only
choice for high-rise applications.
2.4.Motor Generator Set
A motor–generator (an M–G set) is a device
for converting electrical power to another form.
Motor–generator sets are used to
convert frequency, voltage, or phase of power.
They may also be used to isolate electrical loads
from the electrical power supply line.
Large motor–generators were widely used
to convert industrial amounts of power
while smaller motor–generators
(such as the one shown in the picture)
were used to convert battery power to higher DC voltages.
Motor Generator Set (Conversion)
• Motor–generators may be used for various conversions including:
• Alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)
• DC to AC[3]
• DC at one voltage to DC at another voltage. (Also called a dynamotor,
short for dynamo-motor)
• Creating or balancing a three-wire DC system.
• AC at one frequency to AC at another harmonically-related frequency
• AC at a fixed voltage to AC of a variable voltage
• AC single-phase to AC three-phase
An MG set used to provide a variable three phase AC voltage for an
Electron Beam Welding Machine high voltage power supply.
2.5.Controls
An Elevator controller is a system
to control the elevators, either
manual or automatic.
The controller usually tune down
the voltage between 12V to 24V
to the controlling system,
Only the motor needs
3-phase power supply.
The low voltage power supply is for the
controlling component and the fixtures to
control the elevator,
Future Plans
• Drawings and calculations of a hoist motor
• Speed calculation of the governor
• Machin room less (MRL) elevators