AUTOMOTIVE CHARGING

SYSTEMS

Teknik Kendaraan Ringan

Semester 3th Class XI
Kompetensi Kejuruan
SK-KD 18
DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI
 AUTOMOTIVE CHARGING SYSTEMS

YOU WILL LEARN:

1. PURPOSE OF CHARGING SYSTEM

2. CHARGING SYSTEM PRINSIPLE

3. CHARGING SYSTEM COMPONENT

4. TYPICAL OF CHARGING SYSTEM

5. HOW CHARGING SYSTEM WORK

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PURPOSE OF CHARGING
SYSTEM

CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY

INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

RECHARGE BATTERY

PROVIDE POWER FOR ELECTRICAL

ACCESSORIES

RESERVE POWER WHEN NEEDED

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COMPONENTS OF CHARGING
SYSTEM
BATTERY

ALTERNATOR

DRIVE BELT

VOLTAGE
REGULATOR

CHARGE INDICATOR
(LAMP OR GAUGE)

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CHARGING SYSTEM PRINCIPLES

Faraday’s Law

When a conductor is driven in the

magnetic fields, the induction
currents will arise in the
conductor

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CHARGING SYSTEM PRINCIPLES
RIGHT HAND FLEMING LAW

When a conductor moved at magnet, the motive power

will flow to the left

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CHARGING SYSTEM PRINCIPLES
TO HELP YOUR UNDERSTANDING LOOK THE VIDEO!!!

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ALTERNATING CURRENT
OPERATION
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TO
PRODUCE ELECTRICAL POWER
 VOLTAGE WILL BE PRODUCED IF MOTION
BETWEEN A CONDUCTOR AND A MAGNETIC
FIELD OCCURS.
2. AMOUNT OF VOLTAGE IS AFFECTED BY:
 SPEED OF CONDUCTOR PASSING THROUGH
FIELD
 STRENGTH OF MAGNETIC FIELD
 NUMBER OF CONDUCTORS PASSING THROUGH
MAGNETIC FIELD

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TYPICAL CHARGING SYSTEM
1. WITH MECHANICAL REGULATOR

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TYPICAL CHARGING SYSTEM
2. WITH IC REGULATOR (COMPACT
ALTERNATOR)

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ALTERNATOR
Alternator component:
1. Front housing
(drive end)
2. Rear housing
(com end)
3. Stator
4. Rotor
5. Regulator
6. Brushes
7. Rectifier assembly
8. Brush holder

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ALTERNATOR

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ALTERNATOR
ROTOR
a. COPPER WIRE
WOUND AROUND A
IRON CORE

b. CURRENT PASSING
THROUGH ROTOR
CREATES A
MAGNETIC FIELD

c. MAGNETIC FIELDS
PRODUCE A VOLTAGE
BY INDUCTION IN
STATOR WINDINGS

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ALTERNATOR
ROTOR FIELD CIRCUIT
 Controls alternator
output
 Increased field
current results in
increased
alternator output
 Two brushes
provide connection
to field coil

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ALTERNATOR
Stator
 Three sets of
windings around
laminated core
 Small gap between
rotor and stator
permits field
circuit to energize
windings of stator
at the same time.

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ALTERNATOR

STATOR WINDING CONNECTIONS

WYE DELTA

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Teknologi dan Rekayasa
DIODE RECTIFIER

Changes negative current into positive output

Converts ac (alternating) volts to pulsing dc volts
3 positive biased diodes
3 negative biased diodes
Number of poles on rotor and number of phases
on stator will determine how smooth output is.

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AC VOLTAGE EFFECT WITH
DIODE OPERATION

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STATOR CURRENT FLOW PHASE 1
A AND B POSITIVE

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STATOR CURRENT PHASE 2
A AND C NEGATIVE

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STATOR CURRENT PHASE 3
B AND C POSITIVE

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HOW CHARGING SYSTEM
WORK
IGNITION “ON “ ENGINE OFF

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HOW CHARGING SYSTEM
WORK
ENGINE LOW SPEED

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HOW CHARGING SYSTEM
WORK
ENGINE HIGH SPEED

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HOW CHARGING SYSTEM
WORK
Alternator with neutral point dioda

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HOW CHARGING SYSTEM
WORK

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REGULATOR
1. MECHANICAL REGULATOR (CONVENTIONAL TYPE)
Consist of :
Voltage regulator , for regulate a voltage
Voltage relay, to turn off CHG (charging) lamp

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REGULATOR
2. IC REGULATOR

To regulate the voltage from alternator

• Add On : IC installed outside of alternator

• Built in : IC integrated with alternator
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REGULATOR

IC REGULATOR

Advantage:
• Short timing regulation
• More resistant to vibration
• Small size shape

Disadvantage:
Less resintant to high temperature and
fluctuation voltage

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IC REGULATOR PRINCIPLES
WORK
When the output voltage
at terminal B low:
Output voltage can not
pass ZD
So that Tr2 "Off"
Output voltage to flow
through the base resistor
R Tr1 and Tr 1 "On"
Flow to the rotor coil
through B - rotor coil - F -
FROM TOYOTA ASTRA MOTOR STEP 2
Tr1 (on) - E (mass)

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IC REGULATOR PRINCIPLES
WORK

When the output voltage

at terminal B high:

Output voltage can pass

ZD
so that Tr2 "On" and Tr1
"Off"
Flow to the rotor coil is
lost

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 CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
IC regulator B type

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Ignition Key “ON “

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 CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Engine running and voltage less than 14,7 volt at S
terminal

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 CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Engine running and voltage more than 14,7 volt at S
terminal

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
ROTOR COIL DISCONNECT

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Regulator MIC Type

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Ignition Key “ON “

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Engine Running and Ouput Voltage Less than Standar Voltage

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 CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Engine Running and Output Voltage Reach Out Standar Voltage

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH IC
DIAGRAM WORK
Rotor Coil Disconnect

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Kevin Sullivan, www. Autoshop101.com

TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor

Step 2 Electrical Group, Toyota Astra Motor

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 THE END

STAY TUNED FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS!

Nanang Nurdiyanto
SMKN 1 Magelang