GIS - Geography Information System

Name of presenter:
Class:
Date:
 What is GIS?
• GIS is a geography information system.
• GIS is both software and hardware
based.
• It deals with different types of digital
data.
• It enables 3D presentation of the data
(Farnia, Aghajani, & Velayati, 2017).
 The Uses of GIS

• Capturing data
• Analyzing data Display Data

• Managing data Manage Data

• Storing data
• Displaying data Store Data

(Mathews & Wikle, Analyze Data

2016).
Capture Data
The Functions of GIS

• Data capture
• Data compilation
• Data storage
• Manipulation
• Analysis (Farnia, Aghajani, &
Velayati, 2017).
 Function- Data capture
• Data capture helps in digitalization of the
data received.
• For
example: converting paper maps into
numerical or digital form.
• The two types of methods used are : scanning
and manual digitalization (Mathews & Wikle,
2016).
 Function- Data Compilation

• This function compiles all the spatial and

attribute data which is required (Mathews &
Wikle, 2016).
 Function- Storage

• This function enables the sorting and storing of

the data on digital media.
• This data is then used on generic data model.
• The two types of data models are vector and
raster (Mathews & Wikle, 2016).
 Function- Manipulation
• This function allows the users of GIS to prepare the
data for analyzing by manipulating the geographic
data.
• The tools related to this function are projections,
coordinate and edge matching (Mathews & Wikle,
2016).
 Function- Analysis

• The main function of GIS is analysis.

• It helps in the overall analysis
of all the data available.
 Different Between GIS and Traditional
Mapping Technology
• GIS presents data while traditional mapping
presented the real image or the maps.
• GIS can be altered or edited.
• GIS allows users to ask questions.
• In GIS the answers are also
provided in a visualized form (Mathews & Wikle,
2016).
 The Benefits to the Agency
• It enables crime mapping. This indicates
the distribution and presence of crimes in
different areas.
• Deploying the officers at the required places.
• Crime analysis
• Monitoring the emerging crime trends or patterns
(Wang, 2012).
 The Benefits to the
Agency
• It helps in the development of
the accountability programs.
• It helps in finding fugitives.
• It helps in the designing and
formation of new policing strategies
(Wang, 2012).
 The Benefits of GIS to the Community

• The use of GIS increases the efficiency

of field operations.
• Aids the visualization of future development.
• Helps to prevent the overbuilding for growth of
infrastructure with more accurate planning .
• Facilitatessustainable development (Graham,
Carlton, Gaede, & Jamison, 2011).
The Benefits of GIS to The Community
• Identifying overall health trends
• Tracking of the Spread of diseases
• Making better business decisions
• Improving the overall functional performance
• Enhance Customer Service
• Increase Sales (Graham, Carlton, Gaede, & Jamison,
2011).
 Unique Contribution of GIS

• The unique contribution of GIS is

that it compiles data of similar
kind together and presents an analysis.
• It has been used to monitor and control the
spared of onchocerciasis in Guatemala, malaria
in Israel and trypanosomiasis in
Africa (Musa et al., 2013).
Importance of GIS to the Field of Criminal
Justice

• It provides affordable and scalable

solutions regarding analysis.
• Improves all the modern policing
techniques (Wang, 2012 ).
 References
Wang, F. (2012). Why police and policing need GIS: an overview. Annals of GIS, 18(3), 159-171.
doi:10.1080/19475683.2012.691900
Graham, S. R., Carlton, C., Gaede, D., & Jamison, B. (2011). Student Column: The Benefits of Using
Geographic Information Systems as a Community Assessment Tool. Public Health Reports, 126(2),
298-303. doi:10.1177/003335491112600224
In-text: Mathews, A. J., & Wikle, T. A. (2016). Assessing professional benefits of GIS
certification. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 44(5), 452-462.
doi:10.1080/15230406.2016.1185742
Farnia, P., Aghajani, J., & Velayati, A. (2017). Impact of geographical information system on public
health sciences. Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ), 1(2), 94.
doi:10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_34_17
Musa, G. J., Chiang, P., Sylk, T., Bavley, R., Keating, W., Lakew, B., … Hoven, C. W. (2013). Use of
GIS Mapping as a Public Health Tool–-From Cholera to Cancer. Health Services Insights, 6,
HSI.S10471. doi:10.4137/hsi.s10471