Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the students are able to:

1. Translate word expressions into mathematical

expressions;
2. Create an equation; and
3. Solve and prove the equation.
Pre-assessment:

Solve the following:

1. Four times a number increased by 5 is 37. Find the

number.
2. The sum of two numbers is 15. Three times one of
the numbers is 19 less than five times the other
number. Find the numbers.
 Identify what kind of problem being portrayed
in the picture below:

2. 3. Beauty -
1. hunger/malnutrition
overweight pimples

4. 4. Beauty - 6. Damage
budgeting bald properties
 NUMBERS PROBLEM
Key words to remember in solving word problem:
Addition:
Sum, Plus, Both, In All, Total, Altogether, Added, More than,
Increase, Greater than, Exceed
Subtraction:
Difference, Subtracted, Minus, Decrease, Less Than, Reduce,
Take away
Multiplication:
Product, By, Twice, Thrice, Times, Multiply
 Division:
Cut, Split, Out of, Equal Parts, Shared, Quotient, Divided by

The “3Rs” and the “ESP” of Solving Verbal Problems

R read the problem thoroughly

R represent the unknown with a variable
R relate the unknown and the values given in the problem

E equate by forming an equation using the facts in the

problem
S solve the equation
P prove the answers
Examples:
1. The sum of two numbers is 60. The larger number is
four times the smaller. Find the smaller number.
Read: Reading the problems thoroughly, we know
two things about numbers.
a. The sum of two numbers is 60.
b. The larger number is four times the smaller
number.
Represent: Use the second sentence to represent the
unknown
number.
Let x = be the smaller number
Relate: Then, 4x = the larger number
Equate: The smaller number plus the larger number is
60.
x + 4x = 60
Solve: x + 4x = 60
5x = 60
x = 12 Divide both sides by 5

Prove: x + 4x = 60
12 + 4(12) = 60
12 + 48 = 60
60 = 60
2. The sum of two numbers is 50. The second number is 8
more than the first number. Find the numbers.
Read: We know two things about numbers.
a. The sum of two numbers is 50.
b. The second number is 8 more than the first number.

Represent: Use the second sentence to represent the

unknown number.
Let x = be the smaller number

Relate: Then, 8 + x = the larger number

Equate: The smaller number plus the larger number is 50.
x + (8 + x) = 50
Solve: x + (8 + x) = 50
2x = 50 - 8
2x = 42 Divide both sides by 5
x = 21
Prove: x + (8 + x) = 50
12 + 4(12) = 50
12 + 48 = 50
50 = 50

3. Find three consecutive even integer whose sum is

138.
Let x = the first even integer
Then x + 2 = the second even integer
And x + 4 = the third even integer
Their sum is 138.
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 138
3x + 6 = 138
3x = 138 – 6 transpose the constant 6
3x = 132 divide both sides by 3
x = 44

Check : x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 138
44 + (44 + 2) + (44 + 4) = 138
44 + 46 + 48 = 138
138 = 138
 English Phrase Mathematical Expression
1. The sum of 8 and m.
2. 5 more than t
3. The difference of 4 and x
4. x decreased by y
5. Twice x
6. The product of b and 6

7. The quotient of 20 and 4

 EVALUATION:
Solve the following:

1. Four times a number increased by 5 is 37. Find the

number.
2. The sum of two numbers is 15. Three times one of the
numbers is 19 less than five times the other. Find the
number.
3. Find four consecutive odd integers such that the sum of
the two largest integers subtracted from twice the sum
of the two smallest integers is 96.