Anatomi dan Fisiologi

Hidung

Presentan : Dzulfiqar
Kepaniteraan Klinik Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung
Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdul Moeloek
2019
External Internal
 Nasal bones
Upper
Nasal processes of frontal
1/3: bone
bony
Frontal processes of maxilla
Osteocartilagenous
framework Upper lateral cartilages

Lower Lower lateral cartilagers

2/3: (alar)
cartilag Lesser cartilages (sesamoid
enous cartilages)
Septal cartilages
 Nasal Cavity
• The nasal cavity has
– Inferior wall
– Superior wall
– Lateral wall,
– Medial or septal
wall.
 The Medial
Wall of Nasal
Cavity
• Bony
• Cartilagenous
The Nasal Septum
The Lateral Walls of Nasal Cavity
Marked by 3
projections:
– Superior concha
– Middle concha
– Inferior concha
(biggest)
– Suprema concha
(rudimenter)
 The Floor of Nasal Cavity

• Palatine process
maxilla

• Horizontal plate
palatine bone
 The Roof of Nasal Cavity
– anteriorly beneath the
bridge of the nose by the
nasal and frontal bones,
– in the middle by the
cribriform plate of the
ethmoid,
– posteriorly by the
downward sloping body
of the sphenoid
 Osteomeatal Complex
Drainage and
Ventilation for the
anterior sinuses
(maxillaris, anterior
ethmoid, and
frontalis).
 Blood Supply to the Nasal Cavity
• From branches of the maxillary artery, one of the
terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
• The most important branch is the sphenopalatine
artery that anastomoses with the septal branch of
the superior labial branch of the facial artery in the
region of the vestibule.
• The submucous venous plexus is drained by veins
that accompany the arteries.
• Nasal venous do not have any valve
so that it becomes the predisposition
factor to ease infection spreading to
intracranial
 Blood Supply of the External Nose
• The skin of the external nose is supplied
by branches of the ophthalmic and the
maxillary arteries.
• The skin of the ala and the lower part
of the septum are supplied by
branches from the facial artery.
 Nerve Supply of the External Nose
• The infratrochlear and external nasal
branches of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V)
and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary
nerve (CN V).
 Nerve Supply of the Nasal Cavity
• Olfactory funcion: n olfactorius
• Sensoric: N. Ethmoidalis anterior branched
from n. nasosiliaris which also comes from n.
oftalmikus (V1)
• Sensoric: maxillary division (V2) of the
trigeminal nerve.
 CN I – Olfactory Nerves (SVA)
Anterior ethmoidal
branch of V1

Posterior nasal
Cut nasopalatine branches of V2
branch of V2 to
septum
Lymph Drainage of the Nasal Cavity
• The lymph vessels draining the vestibule end
in the submandibular nodes.
• The remainder of the nasal cavity is drained
by vessels that pass to the upper deep
cervical nodes.
 Fisiologi Hidung
• Respirasi: pengatur udara, penyaring udara,
humidifikasi, penyeimbang tekanan, mekanisme
imunologik lokal
• Penghidu: adanya mukosa olfaktorius dan reservoir
udara untuk menampung stimulus penghidu
• Fonetik: resonansi suara melalui konduksi tulang
• Statik dan mekanik: meringankan beban kepala,
proteksi terhadap trauma dan panas
• Refleks nasal
 Fungsi Respirasi

Turun ke bawah
Udara inspirasi Naik setinggi
menuju
ke nares anterior konka media
nasofaring
 Fungsi Penghidu
• Partikel bau menuju mukosa olfaktorius,
konka superior, dan 1/3 atas septum
dengan cara difusi dengan palut lendir
atau jika menarik nafas dengan kuat