EVACUATION CENTRE

A community type evacuation centre

Definition of terms

Evacuation centers vary but are usually large facilities that can accommodate
people in transition due to an emergency. Often they are in school gyms,
churches, or other community buildings that have room for people to sleep,
usually on cots, and have adequate bathroom facilities.

EVACUATION is the rapid movement of people away from the immediate threat
or impact of a disaster to a safer place of shelter. It is commonly characterized by
a short time frame, from hours to weeks, within which emergency procedures
need to be enacted in order to save lives and minimize exposure to harm.

EMERGENCY SHELTER Short term shelter that provides life-saving support, the
most basic shelter support that can be provided immediately after the disaster.
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
• DURING DISASTER
The evacuation center is designed to provide evacuees with safe shelter during
disaster for the preservation of life.

• POST DISASTER
The evacuation centre is not designed to function as a collective centre for
displaced persons post-disaster. The evacuation centre may be utilised for
emergency shelter only in the instance that vulnerable individuals (older people,
pregnant women, unaccompanied children and persons with disability) have
limited or no access to more appropriate emergency shelter solutions
Main issues
According to them the most important issues for evacuation centers are as follows:
Nature of Threats - Evacuation process depends on the threat’s severity, urgency of
evacuation required, and ability to function during the evacuation.
Risk to Patients and Staff-
• Risk due to threats, such as hazardous materials varies widely depending on the
material.
• Staff injury and fatigue due to patients’ transfer during disaster.
Continuing Care- Evacuation should provide continuous care for patients’, whom
they cannot discharge during evacuation.
Resource Demand- Evacuation requires resources, such as, lots of people to transfer
critically ill patients, transportation, medical professionals, emergency supplies.
Safety Issues in Building Design to Cope with Extreme Events: Case Study of an Evacuation
Process

• Abstract
Improvements in building construction and services need to be supported by an efficient building layout
design based on the interrelations of functions in the building, circulation, and occupant characteristics to
mitigate the impacts of extreme events on people. Current building codes, standards, and regulations are of
a static type, giving typical measurements of surface areas and dimensions based on either the number of
occupants using a space or the objects to be housed within it. Building design requires support from dynamic
data that reflect the interactions of people with the building space and other people. This paper summarizes
the building design issues associated with emergencies and presents a case study conducted to capture
dynamic data during a building evacuation process. The results of the case studies in this research showed
that distance and familiarity with the exits were the two most significant factors in exit preference, and
there is not an equally balanced use of exit doors during emergency evacuations.

https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29AE.1943-5568.0000147
Main issues
According to them the most important issues for evacuation centers are as
follows: ( Local)

• Inappropriate size and numbers of rooms can cause crowd to evacuees.

• Lack of facilities, and emergency supplies.
• Uncomfortable place and settlements for the evacuees.
Problem Statement

Is there a positive correlation between the building form design with the
impact of a disasters?
Sub Questions
• What should be the design elements of the building to withstand a
calamities?
• How can building form and orientation can reduce the level of impact?
• What are the safety issues for integrating building forms with the building
orientation?
• What type of building design elements that would fit in the building
strategies?
• How will the building forms and orientations interact to natural
calamities?
Objectives of the study

• To design a building that can withstand in a natural calamities.

• Provide comfort to evacuees , and facilities for their needs.
• The improve the evacuation environment of the of the surrounding
inhabitants in times of calamities.
• To provide an alternative use of the centre with or without a calamity.
• Provide continuous holistic activities in the community.