By: Irish Victoria Perez

And
Gemma Rose Borromeo
What is Inference?
Inference means when a conclusion reached on the
basis of evidence and reasoning.
Inference
 if not  otherwise  then
 In(that)case  that implies
Inference
 If not is used to introduce a more extreme term than
one first mentioned.
Example: Hundreds if not thousands of germs.
 In that case means that happens or has happened; if
that is the situation.
Example: I'm free this evening. In that case, why
not have dinner with me?
 Otherwise in circumstances different from those
present or considered; or else.
Example: Hurry up, otherwise we'll be late.
Inference
 That implies means strongly suggest the truth or
existence of (something not expressly stated).

 Then means after that; next; afterward.

Example: She won the first and then the second
game.
What is a Summary/Conclusion?
Summary means a brief statement or account of
the main points of something.

Conclusion means the end or finish of an event or

process.
Summary/Conclusion
 In all  In short  On the whole
 In brief  In conclusion  To sum up
 To summarize  Therefore  basically
 In summary  In a nutshell
Summary/Conclusion
 In all means in total number; altogether.
Example: There were about 5,000 people in all.
 In brief means in a few words; in short.
Example: He is, in brief, the embodiment of evil.
 To summarize means something that only include
the important stuff.
Example: To summarize that there is no clear
case for one tax system compared to another.
Summary/Conclusion
 In short means to sum up; briefly.
Example: In short, we want you to leave.
 In conclusion means lastly; to sum up.
Example: In conclusion it is clear that the market
is maturing.
 Therefore means for that reason; consequently.
Example: He was injured and therefore unable to
play.
 In a nutshell means in the fewest possible words.
Example: She put the matter in a nutshell.
Summary/Conclusion
 On the whole means taking everything into account;
in general.
Example: On the whole, they lived peaceably.
 To sum up means give a brief summary of
something.
Example :He wanted to sum up strength to deal a
final blow.
 Basically means in the most essential respects;
fundamentally.
Example: We started from a basically simple idea.
What is a Result?
Result means a consequence, effect, or outcome of
something.
Result
 Accordingly  For that reason  Then
 As a result  Hence  Therefore
 Consequently  Thus  The(consequence) of
 Since  If.. Then.. that is…
 As a consequence  …result(s) in…  …is due to…
of…  Contribute to  Brought about
 Caused  In sequence
by/because
 Lead to
Result
 Accordingly means in a way that is appropriate to
the particular circumstances.
Example: They appreciated the danger and acted
accordingly.

 As a result means is often used as a conjunctive

adverbial phrase to indicate cause-and-effect
relationships.
Example: Highway traffic came to a stop as a
result of an accident that morning.
Result
 Consequently means as a result.
Example: Flexible workers find themselves in great
demand, and consequently earn high salaries.

 Since means in the intervening period between (the

time mentioned) and the time under consideration,
typically the present.
Example: She has suffered from depression since
she was sixteen.
Result
 As a consequence of means If one thing happens and
then another thing happens in consequence or as a
consequence.
 Caused means make (something, typically
something bad) happen.
Example: This disease can be caused blindness.
 For that reason means that you know it happened or
is true, but you do not know why.
 Hence means as a consequence; for this reason.
Example: A stiff breeze and hence a high
windchill.
Result
 Thus means as a result or consequence of this;
therefore.
Example: Burke knocked out Byrne, thus becoming
champion.
 If then means it is the most basic conditional
construct in a programming language, allowing
selection between two alternatives, dependent on
the truth or falsity of a given condition.
 Results in means something that results as a
consequence, issue, or conclusion. : something
obtained by calculation or investigation.
Result
 Contribute to means give (something, especially money) in
order to help achieve or provide something.
Example: He contributed more than $500,000 to the center.

 In consequence means as a result.

 Then means after that; next; afterward.

Example: She won the first and then the second game.

 Therefore means for that reason; consequently.

Example: He was injured and therefore unable to play.
Result
 The consequence of that means a result or effect of
an action or condition.
 Is due to means caused by or ascribable to.
Example: Unemployment is due to automation will
grow steadily.
 Brought about by/because means phrasal verb with
bring uk /brɪŋ/ us /brɪŋ/ verb [ T
] brought, brought. to cause something to happen.
Example: He brought about his company's
collapse by his reckless spending.
Result
 Lead to means most important.
What is Replacement?
Replacement means the action or process of
replacing someone or something.
Replacement
 Again  (better) still  The alternative
 Alternatively  On the other is
hand
Replacement
 Again means another time; once more.
Example: It was great to meet old friends again.

 Alternatively means as another option or possibility.

Example: Alternatively, you may telephone us
direct.

 Better still is used when you are adding a new idea

that you think is better than a good one already
mentioned.
Replacement
 On the other hand and is used to factors that are
opposed or that support opposing opinions.

 The alternative means (of one or more things)

available as another possibility.
Example: The various alternative methods for
resolving disputes.
What is a transition?
Transition is the process or a period of changing from
one state or condition to another.
Transition
 As far as…is  Now  With regard to
concerned  To turn to…  Concerning
 As for…  With (reference)
 Incidentally to
Transition
 As far as means for as great a distance as.
Example: The river stretched away as far as he could see.
 As for means with regard to.
Example: As for you, you'd better be quick.
 Incidentally means used when a person has something
more to say, or is about to add a remark unconnected to
the current subject; by the way.
Example: Incidentally, it was many months before the
whole truth was discovered.
Transition
 Now means at the time directly following the present
moment; immediately.
Example: If we leave now, we can be home by ten.
 To turn to means an act of moving something in a
circular direction around an axis or point.
Example: A safety lock requiring four to turn to of the
key.
 With reference to means in relation to; as regards.
Example: War can only be explained with reference to
complex social factors.
Transition
 With regard to means as concerns; with respect to.
Example: He made inquiries with regard to Beth.

 Concerning means on the subject of or in connection

with; about.
Example: Dreadful stories concerning a horrible beast.
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