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2019 PREPARED BY: MISS LOVELY JOY ORANI RUIZ 1

 TERMINATION

REPAIR
TOPIC SHIFTING

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TOPIC CONTROL
TURN- TAKING

RESTRICTION

NOMINATION

PREPARED BY: MISS LOVELY JOY ORANI RUIZ

STRATEGIES

2
COMMUNICATIVE
 Since engaging in
conversation is also
bound by implicit rules.
Cohen (1990) states that
strategies must be used
to start and maintain a
conversation.
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 A speaker carries out nomination to
collaboratively and productively
establish a topic.
TOPIC SHIFTING

TURN- TAKING
TOPIC CONTROL

RESTRICTION
TERMINATION

NOMINATION
EXAMPLE:
REPAIR

“ Do you have anything to say?”

“ Now it is your turn to ask questions.”

“ Does that make sense to you?”

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 Restriction in communication
refers to any limitation you may
have as a speaker.
EXAMPLE:
TOPIC CONTROL

RESTRICTION
TOPIC SHIFTING

TURN- TAKING
TERMINATION

NOMINATION
REPAIR

In your class, you might be asked by your

teacher to brainstorm on the life of
student.

When you were asked to deliver a speech.

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 Turn taking pertains to the process by
which people decide who takes the
conversational floor.

RESTRICTION
EXAMPLE:
TOPIC CONTROL
TOPIC SHIFTING

NOMINATION
TURN- TAKING
TERMINATION

REPAIR

“ Can we all listen to the one who talk in

front of us?”

“ Excuse me, I think we should speak one

at a time.”
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 Topic Control covers how procedural
formality and informality affects the
development of topics in
conversation.

TOPIC CONTROL
TOPIC SHIFTING

TURN- TAKING

RESTRICTION
TERMINATION

NOMINATION
REPAIR

EXAMPLE:

“ One of the essential lessons I

gained from the discussion is the
importance of sports and
wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”
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 Topic shifting, as the name
suggests, involves moving
from one topic to another.

TOPIC CONTROL
TOPIC SHIFTING
TERMINATION

TURN- TAKING

RESTRICTION

NOMINATION
REPAIR

EXAMPLE:

“ By the way guys, thank you for

all your greetings”

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 Repair refers to how speaker address the
problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter
in a conversation.

RESTRICTION
TOPIC CONTROL
TOPIC SHIFTING
TERMINATION

TURN- TAKING
EXAMPLE:

about
REPAIR
“ Excuse me, there are 5 functions of
communication not 4.”

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Termination refers to the conversation
participants’ close- initiating expressions
that end a topic in a conversation.

TOPIC CONTROL
TOPIC SHIFTING

TURN- TAKING

RESTRICTION
TERMINATION

NOMINATION
REPAIR
EXAMPLE:

“ It was nice meeting you, bye.”

That’s all for today class, have a

nice day!”
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 THE END.

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