Ancient Egypt: A Trip Fit For A

Pharaoh!

By: Iris Wang, Emily Han, & Melissa Tjong

There are so many sites to see and so
many great deals! You can cruise down
the Nile or visit the Great Pyramids and
the Sphinx!
Here is a preview of Ancient Egypt...
Fun Facts About Ancient Egypt
 Ancient Egyptians thought it important to record information
on religion and government and thus invented a type of
picture writing called hieroglyphics
 Later on, an easier way of writing was created, called Demotic
script; this was also invented by Egyptians so they were able to
preserve history, beliefs, and ideas
 First to have a government system; the pharaoh had an
organized army, a police force, and a huge number of ministers
and government officials that helped him
 Invented a decimal system that consisted of 7 different
symbols
 Created the idea of mummification and sending dead people
to their afterlife
Fun Facts (cont.)
 Built pyramids that pharaohs were buried in
 Ancient Egypt had many skilled and trained
laborers who were often well-respected in their
community and had a comfortable lifestyle;
their social standing depended on their skill
and experience
 Egypt’s pharaohs were the most powerful
people in Egypt and thus were named “Lord of
the Two Lands”; they owned all land and made
laws, collected taxes, defended Egypt, and was
also respected as their religious leader
 Today more than 70,000,000people live along
the Nile’s banks
Egypt’s Geography
 There are deserts to the east and west of the Nile River and mountains
to the south
 This type of geography left ancient Egyptians in isolation which
allowed them to develop a truly distinctive culture and a natural
barrier from invaders
 The Nile was Egypt’s source of life; it gave fresh water for bathing and
drinking, supported transportation and trade, provided materials for
building, making cloths, and paper
 In the spring, water runs off the mountains and floods the Nile, which
after the floods receded, gave them fertile soil
 Ancient Egyptians thought of Egypt as being divided into to lands,
“the red land” and “the black land”
 “Red land” symbolized the red barren deserts to the east and west of
the Nile
 “Black land” symbolized the fertile black silt along the banks of the
Nile
 Had fertile land as well as natural resources
 Across the country, there were places that supplied Egyptians with
copper, gold, tin, amethyst, limestone, turquoise, feldspar, granite,
alabaster, quartzite, and basalt
Walk Like An Egyptian: Family Life
 Ancient Egyptians highly valued family life
 Regarded children as a blessing
 In lower classes, mothers had to take care of their children while if a
noble had children, they had slaves and servants to take care of the
kids
 Women and girls were always expected to obey fathers and husbands
although they could own land, business deals, and represent
themselves in court cases
 Though women were of a lesser position than men, mothers and wives
could be the actual ruling power of Egypt if their sons or husbands
were the pharaoh
 Children looked after elderly parents
 Sons inherited land and daughters inherited household goods
 Jobs that women had include: maids, nannies, mourners, perfume
makers, farmers, acrobats, dancers, singers, and musicians; were able
to be priestesses if they were noble
 Most ancient Egyptians worked as field hands, farmers, craftsmen, and
scribes; only a handful of people were nobles
Family Life (cont.)
 Girls learned how to maintain the house at 4
years old; included learning to sew, cook, keep
house clean, make clothes, plant fields, and
prepare food
 They were married at 8-12 years old
 Boys’ learning was separated from the girls’
 After 5 years, poor boys would help with men
jobs in the fields and their education went
from age 7-16
 At 16, they could work and could marry when
they were 17-20
 Their lifespan was about 30 years for a poor
man
Households
 Egyptians built mudbrick homes
 Grew some of their own food and traded in
villages for food and goods they couldn’t
produce
 In their houses, there were clay ovens and open
fires to bake, foil, stew, fry, grill, and roast
 Their favorite food was bread and beer made
from barley
 They used the sun and water clocks to keep
track of the time
 Their calendar was based on the star Sirius
 Was 365 days long
Egyptian Style
All hair was short
Young girls had pigtails
Young boys shaved their heads
Everyone wore jewelry, earrings, armlets,
bracelets, and anklets; nobles wore
jeweled and beaded collars called wesekhs
which were made of gold, silver, and
precious stones
Clothes were made of linen
People mostly wore skirts
Men's skirts were called kilts
Games
Egyptians loved games
A couple were Senet, also known as
Seega, and Dogs and Jackals
Senet symbolized the passage of the
diseased through the Underworld
Dogs and Jackals had pawns with the
heads of animals
Religion
Egyptians believed in Polytheism
Anubis was God of embalming the
dead
Ra was the sun god
He was the most important god
Horus is known as the protector and
ruler of the earth.
Temples were the homes of gods and
goddesses
Egyptian Hieroglyphics
 Hieroglyphics is the Egyptian language, and they are drawings
of familiar objects, simplified so they’re easier to draw.
 Made up of three types of symbols; alphabetic signs
correspond to a letter or sound used by that sign.
 Syllabic symbols stand for sounds produced by a group of
letters, a syllable.
 Determinative signs relate to a specific object or idea, like man,
woman, or water.
 They can be read from left to right, right to left, or top to
bottom.
 Hieroglyphics means “sacred drawings” in Greek.
 The Egyptians used them from 3000BC to 300AD.
 After Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, the Egyptians used
the Greek alphabet. They used hieroglyphs for religious things.
 The Rosetta Stone
 A troop of French soldiers found the
stone in the city of Rosetta in 1799.
 The Rosetta Stone was inscribed with
a law made in 196BC, written in two
forms of hieroglyphics and in ancient
Greek.
 A French scholar named Jean
François Champollion translated the
Egyptian into Greek.
Champollion also found out that
hieroglyphs had originally been
pictographs, but they stood for
sounds in later times.
This is picture shows the alphabet in hieroglyphics
Egypt’s History
 Home to one of the most ancient and earliest
civilizations
 History was split into 3 different time periods; Old
Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom
 Old Kingdom- this was the only time period when
pharaohs were buried in pyramids
 Middle Kingdom- was known as the Golden Age
because it was the time when trade, art, and
literature flourished
 New Kingdom- Egypt’s expansion period and when
pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings
Famous Landmarks
 Great Pyramids- a few of many amazingly built
pyramids; these are 3 of the best preserved
pyramids located in Giza

 Great Sphinx- a large human-headed lion that was

carved from a mound of natural rock in Giza; it is
guarding the pharaoh who built it, Khafre’s,
pyramid
 Pyramid Theories
There are many theories about how Ancient
Egyptians built their pyramids.
Some believed aliens helped them build
the pyramids
Herodotus wrote that they used “giant
machines”
The most likely theory is that about
100,000 people were employed. They built
ramps and dragged the stones up where
they set them into place
The Great Pyramids of Giza
 They are the three most well preserved and famous pyramids
 Named Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure
 Pyramids named after the pharaohs who built them and are buried in them
 Built in the 4th dynasty of Egypt
 Construction of the first pyramid, Khufu, started in 3200 B.C.
 Scientists can understand the age of the pyramids because the pottery in the
pyramids look like the style of pottery from the time of Khufu, Khafre, and
Menkaure
 Also have inscriptions inside to somewhat tell us when it was built
 Many unique chambers in each pyramid including: Upper Grand Galley, Lower
Grand Galley, King’s chamber, Queen’s chamber, false chamber in case of
burglars, and a room where all the pharaoh’s possessions were stored
 In front of the Great Pyramids, stands the Sphinx guarding these tombs
 Tombs for pharaohs and queens
 80 known pyramids in Egypt
 At the top of the pyramid there would be a stone in the shape of a pyramid
covered in gold or electrum
Pyramid Khufu
 Also known as the Great Pyramid
 Construction of the first pyramid, Khufu, started in 3200
B.C.
 Construction was overviewed by Khufu’s brother,
Hemienu
 Largest pyramid from three
 Weighs about 6 million tons
 More than 2,300,000 limestone and granite blocks were
pushed, pulled, and dragged into place on Khufu.
 Average weight of each block was 2.5 tons
 The base of this pyramid is 230 meters or 755.9 feet on
each side; covered 13 acres in all
 480.6 feet tall
Pyramid Khafre
Second largest pyramid in Giza
Stands at a staggering height of 470.5
feet
The base of this pyramid is 230 meters or
755.9 feet
Stands of higher ground, giving the
impression that it is larger than pyramid
Khufu.
The entrance is 50 ft above ground level.
Has 2 passages traveling into the
pyramid
Pyramid Menkaure
Smallest pyramid from the three in Giza
Built for and by Menkaure, Kafre’s son.
Built in 26th century B.C.
Was 65.5m tall when built; nowadays it
stands 62m or 204 feet
Thought to have been enlarged during
building process
Made of limestone and pink granite
Is in the southwest outskirts of Cairo,
Egypt
Reasons Why You Should Visit Egypt Today

Our limited price of $500 to Egypt from

New York isn’t going to wait very long for
you to get it!!!
Buy a round trip ticket and save 10%!!!
Get a brochure with a coupon for 25% off a
Great Pyramids tour.
Contact us at
http://www.amazingairlines.webs.com or
email us at amazing.airlines1@gmail.com
HURRY!   
Bibliography
Pictures
 lifepsychologyandalotmore.blogspot.com
 http://www.idstyle.com/safari/egypt/hieroglyphics-table.jpg
 http://profyasser.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/sphinx2.jpg
 http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/t/the_rose
tta_stone.aspx
 http://www.ask-aladdin.com/pyramid.htm
 http://freestockphotos.com/EGYPT/VultureNeck.JPG
 http://cache.virtualtourist.com/2812290-Nile_River_at_Aswan-Aswan.jpg
Fast Facts & Geography
 http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html
 http://egypt.mrdonn.org/index.html
 www.mrdowling.com/604egypt.html
Daily Life
 http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html
 http://www.msnu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/dailylife.html
 http://www2.sptimes.com/egypt/egyptcredit.4.2.html
Bibliography (cont.)
Pyramids
 http://www.ask-aladdin.com/pyramid.htm
 http://www.unmuseum.org/bldpyram.htm
 www.ancientegypt.co.uk/pyramids/home
 www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/
Hieroglyphics
 http://www.mrdowling.com/604-rosettastone.html

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/literature
/hieroglyphs.htm
 http://www.seaworld.org/fun-zone/fun-
guides/egypt/hieroglyphics.htm